Endocrine hypertension - Current understanding and comprehensive management review

European Journal of Internal Medicine

Volumn 22, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 433-440

  Sukor, Norlela ^a  

^a UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA MEDICAL CENTER   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Cushing's syndrome; Endocrine hypertension; Pheochromocytoma; Primary aldosteronism; Secondary hypertension

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; ALDOSTERONE; AMILORIDE; CABERGOLINE; CATECHOLAMINE; DOPAMINE; EPLERENONE; HYDROCORTISONE; KETOCONAZOLE; METADRENALIN; METOPROLOL; METYRAPONE; MITOTANE; NEUROFIBROMIN; NORADRENALIN; PASIREOTIDE; PHENOXYBENZAMINE; SPIRONOLACTONE; VON HIPPEL LINDAU PROTEIN;

ADRENAL SCINTISCANNING; ADRENALECTOMY; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; CANCER SURGERY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CATECHOLAMINE BLOOD LEVEL; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CUSHING SYNDROME; DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION TEST; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SAFETY; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ENDOCRINE FUNCTION TEST; ENDOCRINE SURGERY; EVENING DOSAGE; GENETIC SCREENING; GOLD STANDARD; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; HYDROCORTISONE URINE LEVEL; HYPERTENSION; HYPOKALEMIA; INCIDENCE; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NEUROFIBROMATOSIS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREVALENCE; PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PROVOCATION TEST; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW; SALIVA LEVEL; SALT LOADING; SCREENING TEST; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SIDE EFFECT; SIPPLE SYNDROME; TREATMENT PLANNING; TUMOR LOCALIZATION; URINALYSIS;

EID: 80052971353     PISSN: 09536205     EISSN: 18790828     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.05.004     Document Type: Short Survey

References (62)

1. Y. Ostchega, S.S. Yoon, J. Hughes, and T. Louis Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control - continued disparities in adults: United States, 2005-2006 NCHS Data Brief 3 2008 1 8
2. W.B. Kannel Blood pressure as a cardiovascular risk factor: prevention and treatment JAMA 275 1996 1571 1576 (Pubitemid 26154243)
3. R. Rocha, and C.T. Stier Jr. Pathophysiological effects of aldosterone in cardiovascular tissues Trends Endocrinol Metab 12 2001 308 314 (Pubitemid 33714222)
4. R.D. Gordon, M. Stowasser, T.J. Tunny, S.A. Klemm, and J.C. Rutherford High incidence of primary aldosteronism in 199 patients referred with hypertension Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 21 1994 315 318 (Pubitemid 24201225)
5. P. Mulatero, M. Stowasser, K.C. Loh, C.E. Fardella, R.D. Gordon, and L. Mosso Increased diagnosis of primary aldosteronism, including surgically correctable forms, in centers from five continents J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 2004 1045 1050 (Pubitemid 38368386)
6. G.P. Rossi, G. Bernini, C. Caliumi, G. Desideri, B. Fabris, and C. Ferri A prospective study of the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in 1,125 hypertensive patients J Am Coll Cardiol 48 2006 2293 2300 (Pubitemid 44873058)
7. J.W. Funder, R.M. Carey, C. Fardella, C.E. Gomez-Sanchez, F. Mantero, and M. Stowasser Case detection, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with primary aldosteronism: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93 2008 3266 3281
8. M. Stowasser, R.D. Gordon, J.C. Rutherford, N.Z. Nikwan, N. Daunt, and G.J. Slater Diagnosis and management of primary aldosteronism J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2 2001 156 169 (Pubitemid 33685887)
9. R.D. Gordon Primary aldosteronism J Endocrinol Invest 18 1995 495 511
10. P. Mulatero, F. Rabbia, A. Milan, C. Paglieri, F. Morello, and L. Chiandussi Drug effects on aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio in primary aldosteronism Hypertension 40 2002 897 902 (Pubitemid 35434913)
11. M. Stowasser, and R.D. Gordon Primary aldosteronism - careful investigation is essential and rewarding Mol Cell Endocrinol 217 2004 33 39 (Pubitemid 38596626)
12. L. Mosso, C. Carvajal, A. Gonzalez, A. Barraza, F. Avila, and J. Montero Primary aldosteronism and hypertensive disease Hypertension 42 2003 161 165 (Pubitemid 36944590)
13. F.E. Nwariaku, B.S. Miller, R. Auchus, S. Holt, L. Watumull, and B. Dolmatch Primary hyperaldosteronism: effect of adrenal vein sampling on surgical outcome Arch Surg 141 2006 497 502 (discussion 502- 3)
14. W.F. Young, A.W. Stanson, G.B. Thompson, C.S. Grant, D.R. Farley, and J.A. van Heerden Role for adrenal venous sampling in primary aldosteronism Surgery 136 2004 1227 1235 (Pubitemid 39647538)
15. M.J. Kempers, J.W. Lenders, L. van Outheusden, G.J. van der Wilt, L.J. Schultze Kool, and A.R. Hermus Systematic review: diagnostic procedures to differentiate unilateral from bilateral adrenal abnormality in primary aldosteronism Ann Intern Med 151 2009 329 337
16. G.P. Rossi, A. Sacchetto, M. Chiesura-Corona, R. De Toni, M. Gallina, and G.P. Feltrin Identification of the etiology of primary aldosteronism with adrenal vein sampling in patients with equivocal computed tomography and magnetic resonance findings: results in 104 consecutive cases J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 2001 1083 1090 (Pubitemid 32322986)
17. G.P. Rossi, C. Ganzaroli, D. Miotto, R. De Toni, G. Palumbo, and G.P. Feltrin Dynamic testing with high-dose adrenocorticotrophic hormone does not improve lateralization of aldosterone oversecretion in primary aldosteronism patients J Hypertens 24 2006 371 379 (Pubitemid 43348251)
18. T.M. Seccia, D. Miotto, R. De Toni, G. Pitter, F. Mantero, and A.C. Pessina Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation during adrenal vein sampling for identifying surgically curable subtypes of primary aldosteronism: comparison of 3 different protocols Hypertension 53 2009 761 766
19. W.F. Young Jr. Minireview: primary aldosteronism - changing concepts in diagnosis and treatment Endocrinology 144 2003 2208 2213 (Pubitemid 36629868)
20. J.C. Rutherford, W.L. Taylor, M. Stowasser, and R.D. Gordon Success of surgery for primary aldosteronism judged by residual autonomous aldosterone production World J Surg 22 1998 1243 1245 (Pubitemid 28514344)
21. M.H. Weinberger, B. Roniker, S.L. Krause, and R.J. Weiss Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in mild-to-moderate hypertension Am J Hypertens 15 2002 709 716 (Pubitemid 34804277)
22. M. de Gasparo, U. Joss, H.P. Ramjoue, S.E. Whitebread, H. Haenni, and L. Schenkel Three new epoxy-spirolactone derivatives: characterization in vivo and in vitro J Pharmacol Exp Ther 240 1987 650 656 (Pubitemid 17018455)
23. A. Karagiannis, K. Tziomalos, A. Papageorgiou, A.I. Kakafika, E.D. Pagourelias, and P. Anagnostis Spironolactone versus eplerenone for the treatment of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism Expert Opin Pharmacother 9 2008 509 515 (Pubitemid 351425379)
24. G.T. Griffing, A.G. Cole, S.A. Aurecchia, B.H. Sindler, P. Komanicky, and J.C. Melby Amiloride in primary hyperaldosteronism Clin Pharmacol Ther 31 1982 56 61 (Pubitemid 12135809)
25. G.T. Griffing, and J.C. Melby The therapeutic use of a new potassium-sparing diuretic, amiloride, and a converting enzyme inhibitor, MK-421, in preventing hypokalemia associated with primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism Clin Exp Hypertens A 5 1983 779 801 (Pubitemid 13026500)
26. F. Mantero, F. Fallo, G. Opocher, D. Armanini, M. Boscaro, and C. Scaroni Effect of angiotensin II and converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) on blood pressure, plasma renin activity and aldosterone in primary aldosteronism Clin Sci (Lond) 61 1981 289s 293s (Pubitemid 12222752)
27. S. Zacharieva, I. Atanassova, E. Natchev, M. Orbetzova, and D. Tzingilev Effect of short-term losartan treatment in patients with primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 23 2001 153 156 (Pubitemid 32720614)
28. M.J. Brown, and R.V. Hopper Calcium-channel blockade can mask the diagnosis of Conn's syndrome Postgrad Med J 75 1999 235 236 (Pubitemid 29145871)
29. E.L. Bravo, and R.W. Gifford Jr. Current concepts. Pheochromocytoma: diagnosis, localization and management N Engl J Med 311 1984 1298 1303 (Pubitemid 15203475)
30. B.H. Stewart, E.L. Bravo, and T.F. Meaney A new simplified approach to the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma J Urol 122 1979 579 581 (Pubitemid 10163218)
31. J.M. Feldman, J.A. Blalock, R.T. Zern, and S.A. Wells Jr. The relationship between enzyme activity and the catecholamine content and secretion of pheochromocytomas J Clin Endocrinol Metab 49 1979 445 451 (Pubitemid 10188193)
32. C. Proye, P. Fossati, P. Fontaine, J. Lefebvre, M. Decoulx, and J.L. Wemeau Dopamine-secreting pheochromocytoma: an unrecognized entity? Classification of pheochromocytomas according to their type of secretion Surgery 100 1986 1154 1162 (Pubitemid 17223236)
33. C.M. Beard, S.G. Sheps, L.T. Kurland, J.A. Carney, and J.T. Lie Occurrence of pheochromocytoma in Rochester, Minnesota, 1950 through 1979 Mayo Clin Proc 58 1983 802 804 (Pubitemid 14205531)
34. D.E. Benn, A.P. Gimenez-Roqueplo, J.R. Reilly, J. Bertherat, J. Burgess, and K. Byth Clinical presentation and penetrance of pheochromocytoma/ paraganglioma syndromes J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91 2006 827 836 (Pubitemid 43357746)
35. U. Guller, J. Turek, S. Eubanks, E.R. Delong, D. Oertli, and J.M. Feldman Detecting pheochromocytoma: defining the most sensitive test Ann Surg 243 2006 102 107 (Pubitemid 43054061)
36. G. Eisenhofer, D.S. Goldstein, M.M. Walther, P. Friberg, J.W. Lenders, and H.R. Keiser Biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma: how to distinguish true- from false-positive test results J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88 2003 2656 2666 (Pubitemid 36724439)
37. K. Pacak, G. Eisenhofer, and D.S. Goldstein Functional imaging of endocrine tumors: role of positron emission tomography Endocr Rev 25 2004 568 580 (Pubitemid 39096071)
38. K.S. Bhatia, M.M. Ismail, A. Sahdev, A.G. Rockall, K. Hogarth, and A. Canizales 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy for the detection of adrenal and extra-adrenal phaeochromocytomas: CT and MRI correlation Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 69 2008 181 188 (Pubitemid 352009037)
39. H.J. Timmers, A. Kozupa, C.C. Chen, J.A. Carrasquillo, A. Ling, and G. Eisenhofer Superiority of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to other functional imaging techniques in the evaluation of metastatic SDHB-associated pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma J Clin Oncol 25 2007 2262 2269 (Pubitemid 46954653)
40. S. Schlisio, R.S. Kenchappa, L.C. Vredeveld, R.E. George, R. Stewart, and H. Greulich The kinesin KIF1Bbeta acts downstream from EglN3 to induce apoptosis and is a potential 1p36 tumor suppressor Genes Dev 22 2008 884 893 (Pubitemid 351482842)
41. C. Ladroue, R. Carcenac, M. Leporrier, S. Gad, C. Le Hello, and F. Galateau-Salle PHD2 mutation and congenital erythrocytosis with paraganglioma N Engl J Med 359 2008 2685 2692
42. Bayley JP, Kunst HP, Cascon A, Sampietro ML, Gaal J, Korpershoek E, et al. SDHAF2 mutations in familial and sporadic paraganglioma and phaeochromocytoma. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11(4):366-72.
43. Burnichon N, Briere JJ, Libe R, Vescovo L, Riviere J, Tissier F, et al. SDHA is a tumor suppressor gene causing paraganglioma. Hum Mol Genet. 2010;19(15):3011-20.
44. Yao L, Schiavi F, Cascon A, Qin Y, Inglada-Perez L, King EE, et al. Spectrum and prevalence of FP/TMEM127 gene mutations in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. JAMA. 2010;304(23):2611-9.
45. K. Pacak, G. Eisenhofer, H. Ahlman, S.R. Bornstein, A.P. Gimenez-Roqueplo, and A.B. Grossman Pheochromocytoma: recommendations for clinical practice from the First International Symposium. October 2005 Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 3 2007 92 102 (Pubitemid 46146962)
46. E.J. Ross, and D.C. Linch Cushing's syndrome - killing disease: discriminatory value of signs and symptoms aiding early diagnosis Lancet 2 1982 646 649
47. L.K. Nieman, B.M. Biller, J.W. Findling, J. Newell-Price, M.O. Savage, and P.M. Stewart The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93 2008 1526 1540 (Pubitemid 351656485)
48. A. Viardot, P. Huber, J.J. Puder, H. Zulewski, U. Keller, and B. Muller Reproducibility of nighttime salivary cortisol and its use in the diagnosis of hypercortisolism compared with urinary free cortisol and overnight dexamethasone suppression test J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90 2005 5730 5736 (Pubitemid 41415483)
49. P.J. Wood, J.H. Barth, D.B. Freedman, L. Perry, and B. Sheridan Evidence for the low dose dexamethasone suppression test to screen for Cushing's syndrome - recommendations for a protocol for biochemistry laboratories Ann Clin Biochem 34 1997 222 229 (Pubitemid 27236924)
50. L. Nieman Editorial: The dexamethasone-suppressed corticotropin-releasing hormone test for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: what have we learned in 14 years? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92 2007 2876 2878 (Pubitemid 47236343)
51. B. Gatta, O. Chabre, C. Cortet, M. Martinie, J.B. Corcuff, and P. Roger Reevaluation of the combined dexamethasone suppression-corticotropin-releasing hormone test for differentiation of mild Cushing's disease from pseudo-Cushing's syndrome J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92 2007 4290 4293 (Pubitemid 350074746)
52. B.M. Hofmann, M. Hlavac, R. Martinez, M. Buchfelder, O.A. Muller, and R. Fahlbusch Long-term results after microsurgery for Cushing disease: experience with 426 primary operations over 35 years J Neurosurg 108 2008 9 18
53. M.L. Vance Cushing's disease: radiation therapy Pituitary 12 2009 11 14
54. B.M. Biller, A.B. Grossman, P.M. Stewart, S. Melmed, X. Bertagna, and J. Bertherat Treatment of adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing's syndrome: a consensus statement J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93 2008 2454 2462 (Pubitemid 352008503)
55. D. Engelhardt, and M.M. Weber Therapy of Cushing's syndrome with steroid biosynthesis inhibitors J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 49 1994 261 267 (Pubitemid 24240610)
56. J.A. Verhelst, P.J. Trainer, T.A. Howlett, L. Perry, L.H. Rees, and A.B. Grossman Short and long-term responses to metyrapone in the medical management of 91 patients with Cushing's syndrome Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 35 1991 169 178
57. J.P. Luton, J.A. Mahoudeau, P. Bouchard, P. Thieblot, M. Hautecouverture, and D. Simon Treatment of Cushing's disease by O, p'DDD. Survey of 62 cases N Engl J Med 300 1979 459 464 (Pubitemid 9134790)
58. H.A. Schmid Pasireotide (SOM230): development, mechanism of action and potential applications Mol Cell Endocrinol 286 2008 69 74 (Pubitemid 351680237)
59. M. Boscaro, W.H. Ludlam, B. Atkinson, J.E. Glusman, S. Petersenn, and M. Reincke Treatment of pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease with the multireceptor ligand somatostatin analog pasireotide (SOM230): a multicenter, phase II trial J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94 2009 115 122
60. Feelders RA, de Bruin C, Pereira AM, Romijn JA, Netea-Maier RT, Hermus AR, et al. Pasireotide alone or with cabergoline and ketoconazole in Cushing's disease. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(19):1846-8.
61. R. Pivonello, D. Ferone, W.W. de Herder, R.R. de Krijger, M. Waaijers, and D.M. Mooij Dopamine receptor expression and function in human normal adrenal gland and adrenal tumors J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 2004 4493 4502 (Pubitemid 39244461)
62. R. Pivonello, M.C. De Martino, P. Cappabianca, M. De Leo, A. Faggiano, and G. Lombardi The medical treatment of Cushing's disease: effectiveness of chronic treatment with the dopamine agonist cabergoline in patients unsuccessfully treated by surgery J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94 2009 223 230