The Arab Spring: U.S. Democracy Promotion in Egypt

Middle East Policy

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 49-62

  Snider, Erin A ^a   Faris, David M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b ROOSEVELT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80052925893     PISSN: 10611924     EISSN: 14754967     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4967.2011.00497.x     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Samuel Huntington, "Democracy's Third Wave," The Journal of Democracy, 2 2 (1991): 12-34.
2. Larry Diamond, "Liberation Technologies," The Journal of Democracy, 21 2010 69-82.
3. Interview with Gerald Hyman, former Director of the Office of Democracy and Governance, USAID, Washington, D.C., July 7, 2008.
4. Michele Dunne, "Integrating Democracy Promotion into U.S. Middle East Policy," in Carnegie Working Papers, ed Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP, 2004).
5. "Egypt Strategy Review," United States Agency for International Development [USAID] (1992).
6. Oral history interview with Bradshaw Langmaid, head of development planning for the Near East Bureau, 1976-80, Georgetown University Library, July 14, 1998, 51.
7. Interview with Tamer Meehy, former project manager, Office of Institutional Development and Support, USAID/Cairo, July 14, 2009.
8. Interview with anonymous Egyptian employee, Office of Democracy and Development, USAID/Cairo, May 2007.
9. "Administration of Justice Support Project Identification Project," USAID (1994), 8.
10. Interview with anonymous USAID employee, Cairo, May 2, 2007.
11. Thomas O. Melia, "The Democracy Bureaucracy: The Infrastructure of American Democracy Promotion," Paper prepared for the Princeton Project on National Security Working Group on Global Institutions and Foreign Policy Infrastructure (2005).
12. For an insightful account of the politics surrounding Ibrahim's conviction, and conflicting views among Egyptian intellectuals and activists, see Mona El-Ghobashy, "Antinomies of the Saad Eddin Ibrahim Case,"MERIP online (2002).
13. Peter Slevin, "Bush, in Shift on Egypt, Links Aid to Rights,"The Washington Post, August 15, 2002.
14. Office of Inspector General, "Audit of USAID/Egypt's Democracy and Governance Activities," ed. United States Agency for International Development (2009), 3.
15. Interview with Anonymous USAID employee, Cairo, May 2007.
16. Interview with Anonymous U.S. Embassy official, Cairo, July 14, 2009.
17. Manar Shorbagy, "The Egyptian Movement for Change-Kefaya," Public Culture, 19 2007 175-98
18. "Understanding Kefaya: The New Politics in Egypt," Arab Studies Quarterly, 29, No. 1 (2007): 39-60.
19. Rabab El-Mahdi, "Enough! Egypt's Quest for Democracy,"Comparative Political Studies, 42, No. 8 (2009): 1011-39
20. Issandr El Amrani, "A Little More About Yesterday's Demo," in The Arabist (Cairo 2005).
21. Jeffrey Black, "Egypt's Press: More Free, Still Fettered," Arab Media and Society 4 (2008).
22. Joel Beinin, "Justice for All: The Struggle for Worker Rights in Egypt" (Washington, D.C.: The Solidarity Center, 2010).
23. "Where We Work: Egypt," National Endowment For Democracy,.
24. David Faris, "Revolutions without Revolutionaries?" Arab Media and Society 2 (2008).
25. Malcolm Gladwell, "Small Change: Why the Revolution Will Not Be Tweeted,"The New Yorker, October 4, 2010.
26. Rania Al Malky, "Blogging for Reform: The Case of Egypt," Arab Media and Society 1 (2007).
27. Heba Saleh, "Fears for Egypt Torture Victim," BBC News, January 16, 2007.
28. Wael Abdel Fattah, "Officer from Qism Al-Haram Torture Video Arrested,"El-Fagr, November 27, 2006.
29. Mona El-Ghobashy, "Constitutional Contention in Contemporary Egypt," American Behavioral Scientist 51 (2008): 1590-610.
30. Remarks by President Obama on the Middle East and North Africa on May 19, 2011, Department of State, Washington, D.C.,.
31. Interview with Anonymous Egyptian employee, USAID/Cairo, May 2007.
32. "Education Reform in Egypt," Unclassified cable from the U.S. Embassy in Cairo, February 19, 2009, from the Wikileaks cable viewer
33. Interview with Amani Qandil, Executive Director of the Arab Network for NGOs, Cairo, June 4, 2007.