Protestant work ethic moderates social loafing

Group Dynamics

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 267-274

  Smrt, Diana L ^a   Karau, Steven J ^b  

^a WESTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Motivation; Protestant work ethic; Social loafing

Indexed keywords

EID: 80052908885     PISSN: 10892699     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0024484     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Abele S., Diehl M. Finding teammates who are not prone to sucker and free-rider effects: The Protestant work ethic as a moderator of motivation losses in group performance. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 2008, 11:39-54.
2. Abrams D., Hogg M.A. Social identity theory: Constructive and critical advances 1990, Springer-Verlag, New York.
3. Ali A.J., Azim A. Work ethic and loyalty in Canada. Journal of Social Psychology 1995, 135:31-36.
4. Beit-Hallahmi B. Personal and social components of the Protestant ethic. Journal of Social Psychology 1979, 109:263-267.
5. Christopher A.N., Schlenker B.R. The Protestant work ethic and attributions of responsibility: Applications of the triangle model. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 2005, 35:1502-1518.
6. Earley P.C. East meets West meets Mideast: Further explorations of collectivistic and individualistic work groups. Academy of Management Journal 1993, 36:319-348.
7. Feather N.T. Protestant ethic, conservatism, and values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1984, 46:1132-1141.
8. Furnham A. Economic locus of control. Human Relations 1986, 39:29-43.
9. Furnham A. The Protestant work ethic 1990, Routledge, New York.
10. Furnham A. A content, correlational, and factor analytic study of seven questionnaire measures of the Protestant work ethic. Human Relations 1990, 43:383-399.
11. Goethals G.R., Darley J.M. Social comparison theory: Self-evaluation and group life. Theories of group behavior 1987, 22-47. Springer-Verlag, New York. B. Mullen, G.R. Goethals (Eds.).
12. Greenberg J. Protestant ethic endorsement and attitudes toward commuting to work among mass transit riders. Journal of Applied Psychology 1978, 63:755-758.
13. Harkins S.G., Petty R.E. Effects of task difficulty and task uniqueness on social loafing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1982, 43:1214-1229.
14. Hart J.W., Karau S.J., Stasson M.F., Kerr N.A. Achievement motivation, expected coworker performance, and collective task motivation: Working hard or hardly working?. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 2004, 34:984-1000.
15. Huguet P., Charbonnier E., Monetil J.M. Productivity loss in performance groups: People who see themselves as average do not engage in social loafing. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 1999, 3:118-131.
16. Karau S.J., Markus M.J., Williams K.D. On the elusive search for motivation gains in groups: Insights from the collective effort model. Zeitschrift fur Sozialpsychologie 2000, 31:179-190.
17. Karau S.J., Williams K.D. Social loafing: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1993, 65:681-706.
18. Karau S.J., Williams K.D. Understanding individual motivation in groups: The collective effort model. Groups at work: Theory and research 2001, 113-141. Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ. M.E. Turner (Ed.).
19. Kerr N.L. Motivation losses in small groups: A social dilemma analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1983, 45:819-828.
20. Latané B. Responsibility and effort in organizations. Designing effective work groups 1986, 277-304. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco. P.S. Goodman (Ed.).
21. Latané B., Williams K., Harkins S. Many hands make the light work: The causes and consequences of social loafing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1979, 37:822-832.
22. MacDonald A.P. Correlates of the ethics of personal conscience and the ethics of social responsibility. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1971, 37:443-453.
23. McHoskey J.W. Factor structure of the Protestant work ethic scale. Personality and Individual Differences 1994, 17:49-52.
24. Merrens M.R., Garrett J.B. The Protestant ethic scale as a predictor of repetitive work performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 1975, 60:125-127.
25. Mirels H.L., Garrett J.B. The Protestant ethic as a personality variable. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1971, 36:40-44.
26. Poulton R.G., Ng S.H. Relationship between Protestant work ethic and work effort in a field setting. Applied Psychology: An International Review 1988, 37:227-233.
27. Saal F.E. Job involvement: A multivariate approach. Journal of Applied Psychology 1978, 63:53-61.
28. Smith B.N., Kerr N.A., Markus M.J., Stasson M.F. Individual differences in social loafing: Need for cognition as a motivator in collective performance. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 2001, 5:150-158.
29. Sorrentino R.M., Sheppard B.H. Effects of affiliation-related motives on swimmers in individual versus group competition: A field experiment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1978, 36:704-714.
30. Tan H.H., Tan M.L. Organizational citizenship behavior and social loafing: The role of personality, motives, and contextual factors. Journal of Psychology 2008, 142:89-108.
31. Tang T.L.P. Factors affecting intrinsic motivation among university students in Taiwan. Journal of Social Psychology 1990, 130:219-230.
32. Triandis H.C. The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Review 1989, 96:506-520.
33. Vroom V.H. Work and motivation 1964, Wiley, New York.
34. Weber B., Hertel G. Motivation gains of inferior group members: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2007, 93:973-993.
35. Weber M. The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. Originally published as two separate essays, 1904-1905 1958, Scribner, New York. T. Parsons (Ed.).
36. Williams K.D., Karau S.J. Social loafing and social compensation: The effects of expectations of co-worker performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1991, 60:570-581.