Assessing the impacts of mountain biking and hiking on subalpine grassland in australia using an experimental protocol

Journal of Environmental Management

Volumn 92, Issue 12, 2011, Pages 3049-3057

  Pickering, Catherine Marina ^a   Rossi, Sebastian ^a   Barros, Agustina ^a  

^a GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Impacts; Nature based tourism; Recreation ecology; Snowy mountains; Walking

Indexed keywords

COMPACTION; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; GRASSLAND; PROTECTED AREA; RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; SUBALPINE ENVIRONMENT; TRAMPLING; VEGETATION COVER;

ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; EXPERIMENT; GRASSLAND; METHODOLOGY; MOUNTAINEERING; PARAMETER; RECREATION; SOIL COMPACTION; SPECIES COMPOSITION; TOPOGRAPHY; VEGETATION; WALKING; WEATHER;

AUSTRALIA;

EID: 80052871265     PISSN: 03014797     EISSN: 10958630     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.07.016     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Arnberger A. Recreation use of urban forests: an inter-area comparison. Urban Forest, Urban Green 2006, 4:135-144.
2. Arnberger A., Eder R. Assessing user interactions on shared recreational trails by long-term video monitoring. Managing Leisure 2008, 13:36-51.
3. Cessford G.R. Off-road Mountain Biking: A Profile of Riders and their Recreation Setting and Experience Preferences, Science and Research Series No 93 1995, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.
4. Chavez D.J. Mountain biking: direct, indirect, and bridge building management styles. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration 1996, 14:21-35.
5. Chiu L., Kriwoken L. Managing recreational mountain biking in Wellington park, Tasmania, Australia. Annual Leisure Research 2003, 6:339-361.
6. Clarke K.R. Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Australian Journal of Ecology 1993, 18:117-143.
7. Clarke K.R., Somerfield P.J., Chapman M.G. On resemblance for ecological studies, including taxonomic dissimilarities and a zero-adjusted Bray-Curtis coefficient for denuded assemblages. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 2006, 330:55-80.
8. Cole D.N. Impacts of hiking and camping on soils and vegetation: a review. Environmental Impacts of Ecotourism 2004, 41-60. CABI Publishing, Wellingford. R. Buckley (Ed.).
9. Cole D.N., Bayfield N.G. Recreational trampling of vegetation: standard experimental procedures. Biological Conservation 1993, 63:209-215.
10. Cordell K.H. The latest on trends in nature based outdoor recreation. Forest History Today 2008, Spring:4-10.
11. Costin A.B., Gray M., Totterdell C.J., Wimbush D.J. Kosciuszko Alpine Flora 2000, Collins, Melbourne.
12. Goeft U., Alder J. Sustainable mountain biking: a case study from the southwest of Western Australia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2001, 9:193-211.
13. Green K., Osborne W.S. Wildlife of the Australian Snow-country 1994, Reed, Sydney.
14. Growcock, A.J., 2005. Impacts of camping and trampling on Australian alpine and subalpine vegetation. PhD thesis. Griffith University, Gold Coast.
15. Hales R., Kiewa J. South East Queensland Outdoor Recreation Demand Study. Sports and Recreation Queensland 2007, (accessed 28.07.09). http://www.sportrec.qld.gov.au/Outdoorrecreation/OutdoorRecreationTrends.aspx.
16. Heer C., Rusterholz H.P., Baur B. Forest perception and knowledge of hikers and mountain bikers in two different areas in northwestern Switzerland. Environmental Management 2003, 31:709-723.
17. Hill R., Pickering C.M. Differences in the resistance of three subtropical vegetation types to experimental trampling. Journal of Environmental Management 2009, 90:1305-1312. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.07.015.
18. Johnston S.W., Growcock A.J. Visiting the Kosciuszko Alpine Area. Research Report, Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism 2005, Griffith University, Gold Coast.
19. Leberman S., Mason P. Mountain biking in the Manawatu region: participants, perceptions and management dimensions. New Zealand Geographer 2000, 56:30-38.
20. Liddle M.J. Recreation Ecology 1997, Chapman & Hall, London.
21. Marion J.L., Wimpey J. Environmental impacts of mountain biking: science review and best practices. Managing mountain biking, IMBA's guide to providing great riding 2007, 94-111. International Mountain Bicycling Association (IMBA), Boulder. P. Webber (Ed.).
22. Mason P., Leberman S. Local planning for recreation and tourism: a case study of mountain biking from New Zealand's Manawatu region. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2000, 8:97-115.
23. Minchin P.R. An evaluation of the relative robustness of techniques for ecological ordination. Vegetatio 1987, 69:89-107.
24. Naber, M.D., 2008. Integrating trail condition Assessment with recreation demand Modelling of mountain bikers in the research triangle, North Carolina. PhD thesis. North Carolina State University, Raleigh.
25. National Survey on Recreation and the Environment [NSRE] Outdoor recreation participation in the United States 2000, USDA Forest Service, Oregon, USA.
26. Newsome D., Davis C. A case study in estimating the area of informal trail development and associated impacts caused by mountain bike activity in John Forrest National Park, Western Australia. Journal of Ecotourism 2009, 8:237-253.
27. Pickering C.M., Growcock A.J. Impacts of experimental trampling on tall alpine herbfields and subalpine grasslands, Snowy Mountains, Australia. Journal of Environmental Management 2009, 91:532-540. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.09.022.
28. Pickering C.M., Hill W., Newsome D., Leung Y.-L. Comparing hiking, mountain biking and horse riding impacts on vegetation and soils in Australian and the United States of America. Journal of Environmental Management 2010, 91:551-562. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.09.025.
29. Pickering C.M., Castley C., Newsome D., Hill W. Environmental, safety and management issues of unauthorised trail technical features for mountain bicycling. Landscape and Urban Planning 2010, 97:58-67.
30. Ryan K. Mountain biking in Tasmania: a summary of current trends and future opportunities 2005, Department of Economic Development, Sport and Recreation, Hobart Tasmania, Australia.
31. Schaefers J. Mountain biking. Adventure Tourism 2006, 324-331. CAB International, New York. R. Buckley (Ed.).
32. Scherrer P., Pickering C.M. Recovery of alpine herbfield on a closed walking track in the Kosciuszko Alpine Zone, Australia. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research 2006, 38:239-248.
33. Symmonds M.C., Hammit W.E., Quisenberry V.L. Managing recreational trail environments for mountain bike user preferences. Environmental Management 2000, 25:549-564.
34. Thurston E., Reader R.J. Impacts of experimentally applied mountain biking and hiking on vegetation and soils of a deciduous forest. Environmental Management 2001, 27:397-409.
35. Tumes K. Out of my way: using qualitative methods to understand recreation conflict between bushwalkers and mountain bike riders. Anthropological Notebooks 2007, 13:45-55.
36. Underwood A.J. Experiments in Ecology 1997, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
37. Managing Mountain Biking, IMBA's Guide to Providing Great Riding 2007, International Mountain Bicycling Association (IMBA), Boulder. P. Webber (Ed.).
38. White D.D., Waskey M.T., Brodehl G.P., Foti P.E. A comparative study of impacts to mountain bike trails in five common regions of the southwestern U.S. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration 2006, 24:21-41.
39. Wilson J.P., Seney J.P. Erosional impacts of hikers, horses, motors cycles, and off-road bicycles on mountain trails in Montana. Mountain Research and Development 1994, 14:77-88.