Tenuous dose-response correlations for common disease states: Case study of cholesterol and perfluorooctanoate/sulfonate (PFOA/PFOS) in the C8 Health Project

Drug and Chemical Toxicology

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 396-404

  Kerger, Brent D ^a   Copeland, Teri L ^b   Decaprio, Anthony P ^c  

^a HSRI   (United States)

^b Archaeological consultant   (United States)

^c FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Body mass index; Causation; Confounding; Epidemiology; Obesity; Perfluoroalkyl; Selection bias

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONIC ACID; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA;

AGE; BODY MASS; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DEMOGRAPHY; DOSE RESPONSE; GENDER; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; NONHUMAN; REVIEW;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ALKANESULFONIC ACIDS; CHOLESTEROL; COHORT STUDIES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL; DISEASE; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; FEMALE; FLUOROCARBONS; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OCTANOIC ACIDS; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL; WEST VIRGINIA; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 80052765403     PISSN: 01480545     EISSN: 15256014     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.582502     Document Type: Review

References (35)

1. Butenhof, J., Costa, G., Elcombe, C., Farrar, D., Hansen, K., Iwai, H., et al. (2002). Toxicity of perfuorooctanoate in male cynomologus monkeys after oral dosing for 6 months. Toxicol Sci 69:244-257.
2. C8 Science Panel. (October 8, 2008). Overview of frst C8 Science Panel results from study 1. Available at: www.C8SciencePanel.org. Accessed date is 9/7/09
3. C8 Science Panel. (October 15, 2008). Available at: www.C8SciencePanel. org. Accessed date is 9/8/09
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.(2010) U.S. obesity trends. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/data/trends.html.
5. Chen, Y. M., Guo, L. H. (2009). Fluorescence study on site-specifc binding of perfuoroalkyl acids to human serum albumin. Arch Toxicol 83:255-261.
6. Costa, G., Sartoir, S., Consonni, D. (2009). Tirty years of medical surveillance in perfuorooctanoic acid production workers. J Occup Environ Med 51:364-372.
7. Emmett, E. A., Zhang, H., Shofer, F. S., Freeman, D., Desai, C., Shaw, L. M., et al. (2006). Community exposure to perfuorooctanoate: relationship between serum levels and certain health parameters. J Occup Environ Med 48:771-779. (Pubitemid 44221831)
8. Flegal, K. M., Carroll, M. D., Ogden, C. L., Curtin, L. R. (2010). Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. JAMA 303:1-10.
9. Frisbee, S. J., Brooks, A. P., Jr., Maher, A., Flensberg, P., Arnold, S., Fletcher, T., et al.(2009). Te C8 health project: design, methods, and participants. Environ Health Perspect 117:1873-1882.
10. Gostynski, M., Gutzwiller, F., Kuulasmaa, K., Döring, A., Ferrario, M., Grafnetter, D., et al.(2004). Analysis of the relationship between total cholesterol, age, body mass index among males and females in the WHO MONICA project. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 28:1082-1090. (Pubitemid 38998716)
11. Han, X., Snow, T. A., Kemper, R. A., Jepson, G. W. (2003). Binding of perfuorooctanoic acid to rat and human plasma proteins. Chem Res Toxicol 16:775-781. (Pubitemid 36736609)
12. Hill, A. B. (1965). Te environment and disease: association or causation? Proc R Soc Med 58:295-300.
13. Kennedy, G. L., Jr., Butenhof, J. L., Olsen, G. W., O'Connor, J. C., Seacat, A. M., Perkins, R. G., et al.(2004). Te toxicology of perfuorooctanoate. Crit Rev Toxicol 34:351-384.
14. Kerger, B. D., Scott, P. K., Pavuk, M., Gough, M., Paustenbach, D. J. (2011). No dose-response relationship for dioxin and diabetes among Ranch Hand Vietnam veterans: evidence for reverse causation. (submitted).
15. Lundin, J. L., Alexander, B. H., Olsen, G. W., Church, T. R. (2009). Ammonium perfuorooctanoate production and occupational mortality. Epidemiology 20:921-928.
16. Martin, M. T., Brennan, R. J., Hu, W., Ayanoglu, E., Lau, C., Ren, H., et al.(2007). Toxicogenomic study of triazole fungicides and perfuoroalkyl acids in rat livers predicts toxicity and categorizes chemicals based on mechanism of toxicity. Toxicol Sci 97:595-613. (Pubitemid 47073873)
17. Melzer, D., Rice, N., Depledge, M. H., Henley, W. E., Galloway, T. S. (2010). Association between serum perfuorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and thyroid disease in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Environ Health Perspect 118:686-692.
18. Nelson, J. W., Hatch, E. E., Webster, T. F. (2010). Exposure to polyfuoroalkyl chemicals and cholesterol, body weight, and insulin resistance in the general U.S. population. Environ Health Perspect 118:197-202.
19. Olsen, G. W., Zobel, L. R. (2007). Assessment of lipid, hepatic, and thyroid parameters with serum perfuorooctanoate (PFOA) concentrations in fuorochemical production workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 81:231-246. (Pubitemid 47617455)
20. Olsen, G. W., Burris, J. M., Mandel, J. H., Zobel, L. R. (1999). Serum perfuorooctane sulfonate and hepatic and lipid clinical chemistry tests in fuorochemical production employees. J Occup Environ Med 41:799-806. (Pubitemid 29426786)
21. Olsen, G. W., Burris, J. M., Burlew, M. M., Mandel, J. H. (2003). Epidemiologic assessment of worker serum perfuorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfuorooctanoate (PFOA) concentrations and medical surveillance examinations. J Occup Environ Med 45:260-270. (Pubitemid 36343227)
22. Rader, D. J., Hobbs, H. H. (2005). Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism. In: Kasper, D. L., Fauci, A. S., Longo, D. L., Braunwald, E., Hauser, S. L., Jameson, J. L. (Eds.), Harrison's principles of internal medicine, 16th ed. (pp. 2286-2303). New York: McGraw-Hill.
23. Sakr, C. J., Kreckmann, K. H., Green, J. W., Gillies, P. J., Reynolds, J. L., Leonard, R. C. (2007a). Cross-sectional study of lipids and liver enzymes related to a serum biomarker of exposure (ammonium perfuorooctanoate or APFO) as part of a general health survey in a cohort of occupationally exposed workers. J Occup Environ Med 49:1086-1096. (Pubitemid 350287341)
24. Sakr, C. J., Leonard, R. C., Kreckmann, K. H., Slade, M. D., Cullen, M. R. (2007b). Longitudinal study of serum lipids and liver enzymes in workers with occupational exposure to ammonium perfuorooctanoate. J Occup Environ Med 49:872-879. (Pubitemid 47254709)
25. Sakr, C. J., Symons, J. M., Kreckmann, K. H., Leonard, R. C. (2009). Ischaemic heart disease mortality study among workers with occupational exposure to ammonium perfuorooctanoate. J Occup Environ Med 66:699-703.
26. Schober, S. E., Carroll, M. D., Lacher, D. A., Hirsch, R. (2007). High serum total cholesterol-an indicator monitoring cholesterol lowering eforts: U.S. adults, 2005-2006. NCHS Data Brief No.2. 2007:1-8. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db02.pdf. Accessed date is 9/8/09
27. Seacat, A. M., Tomford, P. J., Hansen, K. J., Olsen, G. W., Case, M. T., Butenhof, J. L. (2002). Subchronic toxicity studies on perfuorooctanesulfonate potassium salt in cynomologus monkeys. Toxicol Sci 68:249-264. (Pubitemid 34785246)
28. Steenland, K., Jin, C., MacNeil, J., Lally, C., Ducatman, A., Vieira, V., et al. (2009a). Predictors of PFOA levels in a community surrounding a chemical plant. Environ Health Perspect 117:1083-1088.
29. Steenland, K., Tinker, S., Frisbee, S., Ducatman, A., Vaccarino, V. (2009b). Association of perfuorooctanoic acid and perfuorooctane sulfonate with serum lipids among adults living near a chemical plant. Am J Epidemiol 170:1268-1278.
30. Steenland, K., Tinker, S., Shankar, A., Ducatman, A. (2010). Association of perfuorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfuorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with uric acid among adults with elevated community exposure to PFOA. Environ Health Perspect 118: 229-233.
31. Tibodeaux, J. R., Hanson, R. G., Rogers, J. M., Grey, B. E., Barbee, B. D., Richards, J. H., et al.(2003). Exposure to perfuorooctane sulfonate during pregnancy in rat and mouse. I: maternal and prenatal evaluations. Toxicol Sci 74:369-381. (Pubitemid 36958306)
32. WVU Database. (2009). West Virginia University School of Medicine, tabular summary for clinical lab values within population C8/PFOA deciles, stratifed by age gender. Available at: http://www.hsc.wvu.edu/som/cmed/c8/. Accessed date is 9/8/09
33. Wolf, C. J., Takacs, M. L., Schmid, J. E., Lau, C., Abbott, B. D. (2008). Activation of mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha by perfuoroalkyl acids of diferent functional groups and chain lengths. Toxicol Sci 106:162-171.
34. Wu, L.-L., Gao, H.-W., Gao, N.-Y., Chen, F. F., Chen, L. (2009). Interaction of perfuorooctanoic acid with human serum albumin. BMC Struct Biol 9:31. Available at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6807/9/31. Accessed date is 9/8/09
35. Wynder, E. L., Schlesselman, J., Wald, N., Lilienfeld, P., Stolley, P., Higgins, I. T. T., et al. (1982). Conference report: weak associations in epidemiology and their interpretation. Prev Med 11:464-476. (Pubitemid 12042809)