Primary hyperparathyroidism: An overview

International Journal of Endocrinology

Volumn 2011, Issue , 2011, Pages

  MacKenzie Feder, Jessica ^a   Sirrs, Sandra ^a   Anderson, Donald ^a   Sharif, Jibran ^b   Khan, Aneal ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALENDRONIC ACID; CINACALCET; LITHIUM; PARATHYROID HORMONE; PLACEBO; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT;

BONE DISEASE; CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS; CHEMOLUMINESCENCE; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; HORMONAL THERAPY; HORMONE ACTION; HUMAN; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPOCALCEMIA; IMMUNORADIOMETRIC ASSAY; KIDNEY TUBULE ABSORPTION; MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY; OSTEOPENIA; PARATHYROID ADENOMA; PARATHYROID CARCINOMA; PARATHYROID HORMONE BLOOD LEVEL; PARATHYROID HORMONE RELEASE; PARATHYROIDECTOMY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REOPERATION; REVIEW; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREND STUDY; VIDEO ASSISTED THORACOSCOPIC SURGERY;

EID: 80052722474     PISSN: 16878337     EISSN: 16878345     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2011/251410     Document Type: Review

References (93)

1. Wermers R. A., Khosla S., Atkinson E. J., Achenbach S. J., Oberg A. L., Grant C. S., Melton L. J., Incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism in Rochester, Minnesota, 19932001: an update on the changing epidemiology of the disease Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2006 21 1 171 177 (Pubitemid 43023239)
2. Mihai R., Wass J. A., Sadler G. P., Asymptomatic hyperparathyroidismneed for multicentre studies Clinical Endocrinology 2008 68 2 155 164
3. Melton L. J. Jr., The epidemiology of primary hyperparathyroidism in North America Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2002 17 supplement 2 N12 N17
4. Unger S., Paul D. A., Nino M. C., McKay C. P., Miller S., Sochett E., Braverman N., Clarke J. T. R., Cole D. E. C., Superti-Furga A., Mucolipidosis II presenting as severe neonatal hyperparathyroidism European Journal of Pediatrics 2005 164 4 236 243 (Pubitemid 40543794)
5. George J., Acharya S. V., Bandgar T. R., Menon P. S., Shah N. S., Primary hyperparathyroidism in children and adolescents Indian Journal of Pediatrics 2010 77 2 175 178
6. Durkin E. T., Nichol P. F., Lund D. P., Chen H., Sippel R. S., What is the optimal treatment for children with primary hyperparathyroidism? Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2010 45 6 1142 1146
7. Igarashi T., Sekine Y., Kawato H., Kamoshita S., Saigusa Y., Transient neonatal distal renal tubular acidosis with secondary hyperparathyroidism Pediatric Nephrology 1992 6 3 267 269
8. Glass E. J., Barr D. G., Transient neonatal hyperparathyroidism secondary to maternal pseudohypoparathyroidism Archives of Disease in Childhood 1981 56 7 565 568 (Pubitemid 11053072)
9. Sathasivam A., Garibaldi L., Murphy R., Ibrahim J., Transient neonatal hyperparathyroidism: a presenting feature of mucolipidosis type II Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 2006 19 6 859 862 (Pubitemid 44083543)
10. Minagawa M., Yasuda T., Kobayashi Y., Niimi H., Transient pseudohypoparathyroidism of the neonate European Journal of Endocrinology 1995 133 2 151 155
11. Bai M., Pearce S. H., Kifor O., Trivedi S., Stauffer U. G., Thakker R. V., Brown E. M., Steinmann B., In vivo and in vitro characterization of neonatal hyperparathyroidism resulting from a de novo, heterozygous mutation in the Ca2+-sensing receptor gene: normal maternal calcium homeostasis as a cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism in familial benign hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Journal of Clinical Investigation 1997 99 1 88 96 (Pubitemid 27058298)
12. Loughead J. L., Mughal Z., Mimouni F., Tsang R. C., Oestreich A. E., Spectrum and natural history of congenital hyperparathyroidism secondary to maternal hypocalcemia American Journal of Perinatology 1990 7 4 350 355 (Pubitemid 20375589)
13. Pazzaglia U. E., Beluffi G., Bianchi E., Castello A., Coci A., Marchi A., Study of the bone pathology in early mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease) European Journal of Pediatrics 1989 148 6 553 557 (Pubitemid 19114079)
14. Fraser W. D., Hyperparathyroidism The Lancet 2009 374 9684 145 158
15. Brown E. M., Clinical lessons from the calcium-sensing receptor Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology and Metabolism 2007 3 2 122 133 (Pubitemid 46146965)
16. Kantham L., Quinn S. J., Egbuna O. I., Baxi K., Butters R., Pang J. L., Pollak M. R., Goltzman D., Brown E. M., The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) defends against hypercalcemia independently of its regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion American Journal of PhysiologyEndocrinology and Metabolism 2009 297 4 E915 E923
17. Endres D. B., Villanueva R., Sharp C. F. J., Singer F. R., Immunochemiluminometric and immunoradiometric determinations of intact and total immunoreactive parathyrin: performance in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia and hypoparathyroidism Clinical Chemistry 1991 37 2 162 168 (Pubitemid 21892620)
18. Nussbaum S. R., Zahradnik R. J., Lavigne J. R., Brennan G. L., Nozawa-Ung K., Kim L. Y., Keutmann H. T., Wang C. A., Potts J. T., Segre G. V., Highly sensitive two-site immunoradiometric assay of parathyrin, and its clinical utility in evaluating patients with hypercalcemia Clinical Chemistry 1987 33 8 1364 1367 (Pubitemid 18041971)
19. Gao P., Scheibel S., D'Amour P., John M. R., Rao S. D., Schmidt-Gayk H., Cantor T. L., Development of a novel immunoradiometric assay exclusively for biologically active whole parathyroid hormone 184: implications for improvement of accurate assessment of parathyroid function Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2001 16 4 605 614 (Pubitemid 32230589)
20. Silverberg S. J., Gao P., Brown I., Logerfo P., Cantor T. L., Bilezikian J. P., Clinical utility of an immunoradiometric assay for parathyroid hormone (184) in primary hyperparathyroidism Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2003 88 10 4725 4730 (Pubitemid 37357518)
21. Melamed M. L., Eustace J. A., Plantinga L. C., Jaar B. G., Fink N. E., Parekh R. S., Coresh J., Yang Z., Cantor T., Powe N. R., Third-generation parathyroid hormone assays and all-cause mortality in incident dialysis patients: the CHOICE study Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2008 23 5 1650 1658 (Pubitemid 351767752)
22. Ljungdahl N., Haarhaus M., Linder C., Magnusson P., Comparison of 3 third-generation assays for bio-intact parathyroid hormone Clinical Chemistry 2006 52 5 903 904 (Pubitemid 43673278)
23. Kazama J. J., Yamamoto S., Kameda S., Maruyama H., Narita I., Shigematsu T., Gejyo F., Direct comparison between two 184PTH assays in dialysis patients Nephron Clinical Practice 2005 99 1 c8 c12
24. Pollak M. R., Brown E. M., Chou Y. H., Hebert S. C., Marx S. J., Steinmann B., Levi T., Seidman C. E., Seidman J. G., Mutations in the human Ca(2+)-sensing receptor gene cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism Cell 1993 75 7 1297 1303
25. Fuleihan G.-H., Familial benign hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2002 17 supplement 2 N51 N56
26. Eastell R., Arnold A., Brandi M. L., Brown E. M., D'Amour P., Hanley D. A., Sudhaker Rao D., Rubin M. R., Goltzman D., Silverberg S. J., Marx S. J., Peacock M., Mosekilde L., Bouillon R., Lewiecki E. M., Diagnosis of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: proceedings of the third international workshop Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2009 94 2 340 350
27. Felger E. A., Kandil E., Primary hyperparathyroidism Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 2010 43 2 417 432
28. Marx S. J., Hyperparathyroid and hypoparathyroid disorders New England Journal of Medicine 2000 343 25 1863 1875 (Pubitemid 32104134)
29. Shane E., Clinical review 122: parathyroid carcinoma Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2001 86 2 485 493 (Pubitemid 32207447)
30. Stephen A. E., Chen K. T., Milas M., Siperstein A. E., The coming of age of radiation-induced hyperparathyroidism: evolving patterns of thyroid and parathyroid disease after head and neck irradiation Surgery 2004 136 6 1143 1153 (Pubitemid 39647527)
31. Teh B. T., Kytola S., Farnebo F., Bergman L., Wong F. K., Weber G., Hayward N., Larsson C., Skogseid B., Beckers A., Phelan C., Edwards M., Epstein M., Alford F., Hurley D., Grimmond S., Silins G., Walters M., Stewart C., Cardinal J., Khodaei S., Parente F., Tranebjrg L., Jorde R., Menon J., Khir A., Tan T. T., Chan S. P., Zaini A., Khalid B. A. K., Sandelin K., Thompson N., Brandi M. L., Warth M., Stock J., Leisti J., Cameron D., Shepherd J. J., berg K., Nordenskjld M., Salmela P., Mutation analysis of the MEN1 gene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, familial acromegaly and familial isolated hyperparathyroidism Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1998 83 8 2621 2626 (Pubitemid 28493750)
32. Carpten J. D., Robbins C. M., Villablanca A., Forsberg L., Presciuttini S., Bailey-Wilsons J., Simonds W. F., Gillanders E. M., Kennedy A. M., Chen J. D., Agarwal S. K., Sood R., Jones M. P., Moses T. Y., Haven C., Petillo D., Leotlela P. D., Harding B., Cameron D., Pannett A. A., Hg A., Heath H., James-Newton L. A., Robinson B., Zarbo R. J., Cavaco B. M., Wassif W., Perrier N. D., Rosen I. B., Kristoffersson U., Turnpenny P. D., Farnebo L. O., Besser G. M., Jackson C. E., Morreau H., Trent J. M., Thakker R. V., Marx S. J., Teh B. T., Larsson C., Hobbs M. R., HRPT2, encoding parafibromin, is mutated in hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome Nature Genetics 2002 32 4 676 680 (Pubitemid 35435184)
33. Tanaka C., Yoshimoto K., Yamada S., Absence of germ-line mutations of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene in familial pituitary adenoma in contrast to MEN1 in Japanese Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1998 83 3 960 965 (Pubitemid 28496476)
34. Thakker R. V., Multiple endocrine neoplasiasyndromes of the twentieth century Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1998 83 8 2617 2620 (Pubitemid 28493749)
35. Shattuck T. M., Valimaki S., Obara T., Gaz R. D., Clark O. H., Shoback D., Wierman M. E., Tojo K., Robbins C. M., Carpten J. D., Farnebo L. O., Larsson C., Arnold A., Somatic and germ-line mutations of the HRPT2 gene in sporadic parathyroid carcinoma New England Journal of Medicine 2003 349 18 1722 1729 (Pubitemid 37315009)
36. Howell V. M., Haven C. J., Kahnoski K., Khoo S. K., Petillo D., Chen J., Fleuren G. J., Robinson B. G., Delbridge L. W., Philips J., Nelson A. E., Krause U., Hammje K., Dralle H., Hoang-Vu C., Gimm O., Marsh D. J., Morreau H., Teh B. T., HRPT2 mutations are associated with malignancy in sporadic parathyroid tumours Journal of Medical Genetics 2003 40 9 657 663 (Pubitemid 37100697)
37. Simonds W. F., Robbins C. M., Agarwal S. K., Hendy G. N., Carpten J. D., Marx S. J., Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism is rarely caused by germline mutation in HRPT2, the gene for the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2004 89 1 96 102 (Pubitemid 38183866)
38. Shirahama S., Ogura K., Takami H., Ito K., Tohsen T., Miyauchi A., Nakamura Y., Mutational analysis of the RET proto-oncogene in 71 Japanese patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma Journal of Human Genetics 1998 43 2 101 106 (Pubitemid 128508963)
39. Elisei R., Romei C., Cosci B., Agate L., Bottici V., Molinaro E., Sculli M., Miccoli P., Basolo F., Grasso L., Pacini F., Pinchera A., RET genetic screening in patients with medullary thyroid cancer and their relatives: experience with 807 individuals at one center Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2007 92 12 4725 4729 (Pubitemid 350223450)
40. Eng C., Crossey P. A., Mulligan L. M., Healey C. S., Houghton C., Prowse A., Chew S. L., Dahia P. L. M., O'Riordan J. L. H., Toledo S. P. A., Smith D. P., Maher E. R., Ponder B. A. J., Mutations in the RET proto-oncogene and the von Hippel-Lindau disease tumour suppressor gene in sporadic and syndromic phaeochromocytomas Journal of Medical Genetics 1995 32 12 934 937
41. Pellegata N. S., Quintanilla-Martinez L., Siggelkow H., Samson E., Bink K., Hfler H., Fend F., Graw J., Atkinson M. J., Germ-line mutations in p27Kip1 cause a multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome in rats and humans Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006 103 42 15558 15563 (Pubitemid 44625631)
42. Edwards B. D., Patton M. A., Dilly S. A., Eastwood J. B., A new syndrome of autosomal recessive nephropathy, deafness, and hyperparathyroidism Journal of Medical Genetics 1989 26 5 289 293 (Pubitemid 19117728)
43. Brownstein C. A., Adler F., Nelson-Williams C., Iijima J., Li P., Imura A., Nabeshima Y. I., Reyes-Mugica M., Carpenter T. O., Lifton R. P., A translocation causing increased alpha-klotho level results in hypophosphatemic rickets and hyperparathyroidism Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008 105 9 3455 3460 (Pubitemid 351723574)
44. Schipani E., Kruse K., Juppner H., A constitutively active mutant PTH-PTHrP receptor in Jansen-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia Science 1995 268 5207 98 100
45. Jobert A. S., Zhang P., Couvineau A., Bonaventure J., Roume J., Le Merrer M., Silve C., Absence of functional receptors for parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide in Blomstrand chondrodysplasia Journal of Clinical Investigation 1998 102 1 34 40 (Pubitemid 28323827)
46. Eiken M., Prag J., Petersen K. E., Kaufmann H. J., A new familial skeletal dysplasia with severely retarded ossification and abnormal modeling of bones especially of the epiphyses, the hands, and feet European Journal of Pediatrics 1984 141 4 231 235 (Pubitemid 14193909)
47. Decker E., Stellzig-Eisenhauer A., Fiebig B. S., Rau C., Kress W., Saar K., Rschendorf F., Hubner N., Grimm T., Weber B. H. F., PTHR1 loss-of-function mutations in familial, nonsyndromic primary failure of tooth eruption American Journal of Human Genetics 2008 83 6 781 786
48. Mendelian Inheritance in Man, OMIM (TM). Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. MIM Number: 168468, 2010, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim
49. Patten B. M., Pages M., Severe neurological disease associated with hyperparathyroidism Annals of Neurology 1984 15 5 453 456 (Pubitemid 14145571)
50. Khan A. A., Bilezikian J. P., Potts J. T. J., The diagnosis and management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism revisited Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2009 94 2 333 334
51. Bilezikian J. P., Anabolic therapy for osteoporosis International Journal of Fertility and Women's Medicine 2005 50 2 53 60 (Pubitemid 46638713)
52. Khan A. H. J., Pender A., Wei X., Potter M., I-cell disease (mucolipidosis II) presenting as neonatal fractures: a case for continued monitoring of serum parathyroid hormone levels Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology 2008 17 3 81 85
53. Khosla S., Melton L. Jr., Wermers R. A., Crowson C. S., O'Fallon W., Riggs B., Primary hyperparathyroidism and the risk of fracture: a population-based study Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1999 14 10 1700 1707 (Pubitemid 29455818)
54. Macdonald H. M., Nishiyama K. K., Hanley D. A., Boyd S. K., Changes in trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture at peripheral sites associated with 18months of teriparatide therapy in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis Osteoporosis International 2011 22 1 357 362
55. Patel C. N., Scarsbrook A. F., Multimodality imaging in hyperparathyroidism Postgraduate Medical Journal 2009 85 1009 597 605
56. Gayed I. W., Kim E. E., Broussard W. F., Evans D., Lee J., Broemeling L. D., Ochoa B. B., Moxley D. M., Erwin W. D., Podoloff D. A., The value of 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT/CT over conventional SPECT in the evaluation of parathyroid adenomas or hyperplasia Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2005 46 2 248 252 (Pubitemid 43073431)
57. Johnson N. A., Tublin M. E., Ogilvie J. B., Parathyroid imaging: technique and role in the preoperative evaluation of primary hyperparathyroidism American Journal of Roentgenology 2007 188 6 1706 1715 (Pubitemid 46866879)
58. Bilezikian J. P., Khan A. A., Potts J. T. J., Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: summary statement from the third international workshop Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2009 94 2 335 339
59. Rhone D. P., Primary neonatal hyperparathyroidism. Report of a case and review of the literature American Journal of Clinical Pathology 1975 64 4 488 499
60. McMullen T. P., Learoyd D. L., Williams D. C., Sywak M. S., Sidhu S. B., Delbridge L. W., Hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy: options for localization and surgical therapy World Journal of Surgery 2010 34 8 1811 1816
61. Fujimoto Y., Obara T., Ito Y., Kanazawa K., Aiyoshi Y., Nobori M., Surgical treatment of ten cases of parathyroid carcinoma: importance of an initial en bloc tumor resection World Journal of Surgery 1984 8 3 392 400 (Pubitemid 15024873)
62. Hellman P., Skogseid B., Oberg K., Juhlin C., Akerstrm G., Rastad J., Primary and reoperative parathyroid operations in hyperparathyroidism of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 Surgery 1998 124 6 993 999 (Pubitemid 28555184)
63. Dralle H., Scheumann G. F., Kotzerke J., Brabant E. G., Surgical management of MEN 2 Recent Results in Cancer Research 1992 125 167 195
64. Kassem M., Kruse T. A., Wong F. K., Larsson C., Teh B. T., Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism as a variant of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 in a large Danish pedigree Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2000 85 1 165 167 (Pubitemid 32268808)
65. Carneiro-Pla D. M., Solorzano C. C., Irvin G. L., Consequences of targeted parathyroidectomy guided by localization studies without intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring Journal of the American College of Surgeons 2006 202 5 715 722
66. Sackett W. R., Barraclough B. H., Sidhu S., Reeve T. S., Delbridge L. W., Minimal access thyroid surgery: is it feasible, is it appropriate? ANZ Journal of Surgery 2002 72 11 777 780 (Pubitemid 35370615)
67. Baliski C. R., Stewart J. K., Anderson D. W., Wiseman S. M., Bugis S. P., Selective unilateral parathyroid exploration: an effective treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism American Journal of Surgery 2005 189 5 596 600 (Pubitemid 40602951)
68. Richmond B. K., Eads K., Flaherty S., Belcher M., Runyon D., Complications of thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy in the rural community hospital setting American Surgeon 2007 73 4 332 336 (Pubitemid 351396673)
69. Norman J., Chheda H., Farrell C., Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism: decreasing operative time and potential complications while improving cosmetic results American Surgeon 1998 64 5 391 395
70. Davies D. R., Friedman M., Complications after parathyroidectomy. Fractures from low calcium and magnesium convulsions Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 1966 48 1 117 126
71. Anderberg B., Gillquist J., Larsson L., Lundstrom B., Complications to subtotal parathyroidectomy Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica 1981 147 2 109 113 (Pubitemid 12197097)
72. Jatzko G. R., Lisborg P. H., Muller M. G., Wette V. M., Recurrent nerve palsy after thyroid operationsprincipal nerve identification and a literature review Surgery 1994 115 2 139 144 (Pubitemid 24057481)
73. Shin S. H., Holmes H., Bao R., Jimenez C., Kee S. S., Potylchansky E., Lee J. E., Evans D. B., Perrier N. D., Outpatient minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is safe for elderly patients Journal of the American College of Surgeons 2009 208 6 1071 1076
74. Stechman M. J., Weisters M., Gleeson F. V., Sadler G. P., Mihai R., Parathyroidectomy is safe and improves symptoms in elderly patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) Clinical Endocrinology 2009 71 6 787 791
75. Khan A. A., Bilezikian J. P., Kung A., Dubois S. J., Standish T. I., Syed Z. A., Alendronate therapy in men with primary hyperparathyroidism Endocrine Practice 2009 15 7 705 713
76. Rossini M., Gatti D., Girardello S., Braga V., James G., Adami S., Effects of two intermittent alendronate regimens in the prevention or treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis Bone 2000 27 1 119 122 (Pubitemid 30365086)
77. Parker C. R., Blackwell P. J., Fairbairn K. J., Hosking D. J., Alendronate in the treatment of primary hyperparathyroid-related osteoporosis: a 2-year study Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2002 87 10 4482 4489 (Pubitemid 35247029)
78. Otto S., Abu-Id M. H., Fedele S., Warnke P. H., Becker S. T., Kolk A., Mcke T., Mast G., Khnke R., Volkmer E., Haasters F., Lieger O., Iizuka T., Porter S., Campisi G., Colella G., Ploder O., Neff A., Wiltfang J., Ehrenfeld M., Kreusch T., Wolff K. D., Strzenbaum S. R., Schieker M., Pautke C., Osteoporosis and bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: not just a sporadic coincidencea multi-centre study Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 2011 39 4 272 277
79. Grey A. B., Stapleton J. P., Evans M. C., Tatnell M. A., Reid I. R., Effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with mild primary hyperparathyroidism: a rRandomized, controlled trial Annals of Internal Medicine 1996 125 5 360 368 (Pubitemid 126449705)
80. Nemeth E. F., Heaton W. H., Miller M., Fox J., Balandrin M. F., Van Wagenen B. C., Colloton M., Karbon W., Scherrer J., Shatzen E., Rishton G., Scully S., Qi M., Harris R., Lacey D., Martin D., Pharmacodynamics of the type II calcimimetic compound cinacalcet HCl Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2004 308 2 627 635 (Pubitemid 38134225)
81. Hofer A. M., Brown E. M., Extracellular calcium sensing and signalling Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 2003 4 7 530 538 (Pubitemid 36773405)
82. Peacock M., Bilezikian J. P., Klassen P. S., Guo M. D., Turner S. A., Shoback D., Cinacalcet hydrochloride maintains long-term normocalcemia in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005 90 1 135 141 (Pubitemid 40116646)
83. Shoback D. M., Bilezikian J. P., Turner S. A., McCary L. C., Guo M. D., Peacock M., The calcimimetic cinacalcet normalizes serum calcium in subjects with primary hyperparathyroidism Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2003 88 12 5644 5649 (Pubitemid 38033028)
84. Friedman E., Sakaguchi K., Bale A. E., Falchetti A., Streeten E., Zimering M. B., Weinstein L. S., McBride W. O., Nakamura Y., Brandi M. L., Norton J. A., Aurbach G. D., Spiegel A. M., Marx S. J., Clonality of parathyroid tumors in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 New England Journal of Medicine 1989 321 4 213 218 (Pubitemid 19187161)
85. Carneiro D. M., Irvin G. L. R., Inabnet W. B., Moley J. F., Brown D. K., Carty S. E., Gauger P., Kinder B. K., Limited versus radical parathyroidectomy in familial isolated primary hyperparathyroidism Surgery 2002 132 6 1050 1054
86. Levine D. S., Belzberg A. S., Wiseman S. M., Hybrid SPECT/CT imaging for primary hyperparathyroidism: case reports and pictorial review Clinical Nuclear Medicine 2009 34 11 779 784
87. van Heerden J. A., Grant C. S., Surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism: an institutional perspective World Journal of Surgery 1991 15 6 688 692
88. Hellman P., Skogseid B., Juhlin C., Akerstrm G., Rastad J., Findings and long-term results of parathyroid surgery in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 World Journal of Surgery 1992 16 4 718 722
89. Snow K. J., Boyd A. E. R., Management of individual tumor syndromes: medullary thyroid carcinoma and hyperparathyroidism Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 1994 23 1 157 166 (Pubitemid 24116802)
90. Levine D. S., Wiseman S. M., Fusion imaging for parathyroid localization in primary hyperparathyroidism Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 2010 10 3 353 363
91. Swanson T. W., Chan S. K., Jones S. J., Bugis S., Irvine R., Belzberg A., Levine D., Wiseman S. M., Determinants of Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT scan sensitivity in primary hyperparathyroidism American Journal of Surgery 2010 199 5 614 620
92. Gaz R. D., Randolf G. W., Revision parathyroid surgery Surgery of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands 2003 Philadelphia, Pa, USA Saunders
93. Cameron J. L., Current Surgical Therapy 2001 St. Louis, Mo, USA Mosby