Possible overestimation of surface disinfection efficiency by assessment methods based on liquid sampling procedures as demonstrated by in situ quantification of spore viability

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 77, Issue 17, 2011, Pages 6208-6214

  Grand, I ^a,b,c   Bellon Fontaine, M N ^a,b   Herry, J M ^a,b   Hilaire, D ^c   Moriconi, F X ^c   Naitali M ^a,b  

^a AGROPARISTECH   (France)

^b UMR1319 MICALIS   (France)

^c Delegation Generale pour l'Armement   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASSESSMENT METHODS; BACILLUS ATROPHAEUS; CELL REMOVAL; CONFOCAL LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE LABELING; IN-SITU; LIQUID PHASE; LIQUID SAMPLING; MICROSCOPIC METHODS; PERACETIC ACIDS; SAMPLING PROCEDURES; STANDARD PLATE COUNT; STANDARD TEST METHOD; SURFACE DISINFECTION; VIABLE CELLS;

BACTERIOLOGY; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; DISINFECTION; EFFICIENCY; RATING;

LIQUIDS;

DISINFECTANT AGENT; FLUORESCENT DYE; GLASS; PERACETIC ACID;

ASSESSMENT METHOD; BACTERIUM; DETECTION METHOD; DISINFECTION; EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT; ESTIMATION METHOD; IMAGE ANALYSIS; IN SITU MEASUREMENT; MICROSCOPY; ORGANIC COMPOUND; SAMPLING; SPORE; SUBSTRATE; SURVIVAL; TESTING METHOD; VIABILITY;

ARTICLE; BACILLUS; BACTERIAL LOAD; BACTERIAL SPORE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DISINFECTION; DRUG EFFECT; EVALUATION; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; MICROBIAL VIABILITY; MICROBIOLOGY; STAINING;

BACILLUS; BACTERIAL LOAD; DISINFECTANTS; DISINFECTION; ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY; FLUORESCENT DYES; GLASS; MICROBIAL VIABILITY; PERACETIC ACID; SPORES; STAINING AND LABELING;

BACILLUS ATROPHAEUS;

EID: 80052694201     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: 10985336     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00649-11     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. AFNOR. 1988. NF T72-190: Désinfectants de contact utilisés à ľétat liquide, miscibles à ľeau, méthode des porte-germes, et détermination de ľactivité bactéricide, fongicide, et sporicide. Agence Française de Normalisation, Paris, France.
2. Allion, A. 2004. Environnement des bactéries et sensibilité aux biocides. Thesis. Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Industries Agricole et Alimentaire, Massy, France.
3. ASTM International. 2005. Standard test method E-2414-05: quantitative sporicidal three-step method (TSM) to determine sporicidal efficacy of liquids, liquid sprays, and vapor or gases on contaminated carrier surfaces. ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA.
4. Bassi, D., F. Cappa, and P. S. Cocconcelli. 2009. A combination of a SEM technique and X-ray microanalysis for studying the spore germination process of Clostridium tyrobutyricum. Res. Microbiol. 160:322-329.
5. Bridier, A., et al. 2011. Deciphering biofilm structure and reactivity by multiscale time-resolved fluorescence analysis, p. 333-350. In D. Linke and A. Goldman (ed.), Bacterial adhesion: chemistry, biology, and physics. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
6. Buttner, M. P., P. Cruz, L. D. Stetzenbach, and T. Cronin. 2007. Evaluation of two surface sampling methods for detection of Erwinia herbicola on a variety of materials by culture and quantitative PCR. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:3505-3510.
7. CEN. 2005. Standard EN 14561. Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics: quantitative carrier test for the evaluation of bactericidal activity for instruments used in the medical area. European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium.
8. Chen, C. Y., G. W. Nace, and P. L. Irwin. 2003. A 6 × 6 drop plate method for simultaneous colony counting and MPN enumeration of Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli. J. Microbiol. Methods 55:475-479.
9. Cronin, U. P., and M. G. Wilkinson. 2008. Monitoring changes in germination and permeability of Bacillus cereus endospores following chemical, heat and enzymatic treatments using flow cytometry. J. Rapid Methods Aut. Mic. 16:164-184.
10. Davinson, W. M., B. Pitts, and P. S. Stewart. 2010. Spatial and temporal patterns of biocide action against Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54:2920-2927.
11. Edmonds, J. M., et al. 2009. Surface sampling of spores in dry-deposition aerosols. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75:39-44.
12. Ferencko, L., M. A. Cote, and B. Rotman. 2004. Esterase activity as a novel parameter of spore germination in Bacillus anthracis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 319:854-858.
13. Grand, I., et al. 2010. The resistance of Bacillus atrophaeus spores to the bactericidal activity of peracetic acid is influenced by both the nature of the solid substrates and the mode of contamination. J. Appl. Microbiol. 109: 1706-1714.
14. Joux, F., and P. Lebaron. 2000. Use of fluorescent probes to assess physiological functions of bacteria at single-cell level. Microbes Infect. 2:1523- 1535.
15. Kalmbach, S., W. Manz, and U. Szewzyk. 1997. Dynamics of biofilm formation in drinking water: phylogenetic affiliation and metabolic potential of single cells assessed by formazan reduction and in situ hybridization. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 22:265-279.
16. Kuehn, M., et al. 1998. Automated confocal laser scanning microscopy and semiautomated image processing for analysis of biofilms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:4115-4127.
17. Laflamme, C., S. Lavigne, J. Ho, and C. Duchaine. 2004. Assessment of bacterial endospore viability with fluorescent dyes. J. Appl. Microbiol. 96: 684-692.
18. Melly, E., A. E. Cowan, and P. Setlow. 2002. Studies on the mechanism of killing of Bacillus subtils spores by hydrogen peroxide. J. Appl. Microbiol. 93:316-325.
19. Rastogi, V. K., L. Wallace, L. S. Smith, S. P. Ryan, and B. Martin. 2009. Quantitative method to determine sporicidal decontamination of building surfaces by gaseous fumigants, and issues related to laboratory-scale studies. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75:3688-3694.
20. Reynolds, D. T., and C. R. Fricker. 1999. Application of laser scanning for the rapid and automated detection of bacteria in water samples. J. Appl. Microbiol. 86:785-795.
21. Rogers, J. V., et al. 2007. Formaldehyde gas inactivation of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus subtilis, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores on indoor surface materials. J. Appl. Microbiol. 103:104-1112.
22. Sagripanti, J. L., and A. Bonifacino. 1999. Bacterial spores survive treatment with commercial sterilants and disinfectants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 4255-4260.
23. Setlow, P. 2006. Spores of Bacillus subtilis: their resistance to and killing by radiation, heat, and chemicals. J. Appl. Microbiol. 101:514-525.
24. 2 decontamination cycles. PDA J. Pharm. Sci. Tech. 54:286-304.
25. Takenaka, S., H. M. Trivedi, A. Corbin, B. Pitts, and P. S. Stewart. 2008. Direct visualization of spatial and temporal patterns of antimicrobial action within model oral biofilms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74:1869-1875.
26. Xavier, J. B., D. C. White, and J. S. Almeida. 2003. Automated biofilm morphology quantification from confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging. Water. Sci. Technol. 47:31-37.
27. Young, S. B., and P. Setlow. 2003. Mechanisms of killing of Bacillus subtilis spores by hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide. J. Appl. Microbiol. 95:54-67.\