메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 39, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 549-556

Comparison of global and regional right and left ventricular longitudinal peak systolic strain, strain rate and velocity in healthy fetuses using a novel feature tracking technique

Author keywords

Feature tracking; fetus; left ventricle; right ventricle; strain; strain rate; velocity

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FEMALE; FETUS; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FUNCTION; HEART RIGHT VENTRICLE FUNCTION; HEART VENTRICLE SEPTUM; HEART VENTRICLE WALL; HUMAN; LEFT VENTRICULAR LONGITUDINAL PEAK SYSTOLIC STRAIN; LEFT VENTRICULAR LONGITUDINAL PEAK SYSTOLIC STRAIN RATE; LEFT VENTRICULAR LONGITUDINAL PEAK SYSTOLIC VELOCITY; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RIGHT VENTRICULAR LONGITUDINAL PEAK SYSTOLIC STRAIN; RIGHT VENTRICULAR LONGITUDINAL PEAK SYSTOLIC STRAIN RATE; RIGHT VENTRICULAR LONGITUDINAL PEAK SYSTOLIC VELOCITY;

EID: 80052694138     PISSN: 03005577     EISSN: 16193997     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/JPM.2011.060     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (36)

References (45)
  • 1
    • 34248593790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac myocyte cell cycle control in development, disease, and regeneration
    • Ahuja P, Sdek P, MacLellan WR. Cardiac myocyte cell cycle control in development, disease, and regeneration. Physiol Rev. 2007;87:521-44.
    • (2007) Physiol Rev. , vol.87 , pp. 521-44
    • Ahuja, P.1    Sdek, P.2    MacLellan, W.R.3
  • 2
    • 58149188232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global longitudinal cardiac strain and strain rate for assessment of fetal cardiac function: Novel experience with velocity vector imaging
    • Barker PC, Houle H, Li JS, Miller S, Herlong JR, Camitta MG. Global longitudinal cardiac strain and strain rate for assessment of fetal cardiac function: Novel experience with velocity vector imaging. Echocardiography. 2009;26:28-36.
    • (2009) Echocardiography. , vol.26 , pp. 28-36
    • Barker, P.C.1    Houle, H.2    Li, J.S.3    Miller, S.4    Herlong, J.R.5    Camitta, M.G.6
  • 3
    • 0030005328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement error
    • Bland JM, Altman DG. Measurement error. BMJ. 1996; 312:1654.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.312 , pp. 1654
    • Bland, J.M.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 4
    • 34748911234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Velocity vector imaging in assessing the regional systolic function of patients with post myocardial infarction
    • Chen J, Cao T, Duan Y, Yuan L, Yang Y. Velocity vector imaging in assessing the regional systolic function of patients with post myocardial infarction. Echocardiography. 2007; 24:940-5.
    • (2007) Echocardiography. , vol.24 , pp. 940-5
    • Chen, J.1    Cao, T.2    Duan, Y.3    Yuan, L.4    Yang, Y.5
  • 5
    • 0034148815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High frame rate myocardial integrated backscatter Does this change our understanding of this acoustic parameter?
    • D'hooge J, Bijnens B, Jamal F, Pislaru C, Pislaru S, Thoen J, et al. High frame rate myocardial integrated backscatter. Does this change our understanding of this acoustic parameter? Eur J Echocardiogr. 2000;1:32-41.
    • (2000) Eur J Echocardiogr. , vol.1 , pp. 32-41
    • D'hooge, J.1    Bijnens, B.2    Jamal, F.3    Pislaru, C.4    Pislaru, S.5    Thoen, J.6
  • 6
    • 0034285961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional strain and strain rate measurements by cardiac ultrasound: Principles, implementation and limitations
    • D'hooge J, Heimdal A, Jamal F, Kukulski T, Bijnens B, Rademakers F, et al. Regional strain and strain rate measurements by cardiac ultrasound: Principles, implementation and limitations. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2000;1:154-70.
    • (2000) Eur J Echocardiogr. , vol.1 , pp. 154-70
    • D'hooge, J.1    Heimdal, A.2    Jamal, F.3    Kukulski, T.4    Bijnens, B.5    Rademakers, F.6
  • 7
    • 54349098996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal cerebrovascular circulation: A review of prenatal ultrasound assessment
    • Degani S. Fetal cerebrovascular circulation: A review of prenatal ultrasound assessment. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2008; 66:184-96.
    • (2008) Gynecol Obstet Invest. , vol.66 , pp. 184-96
    • Degani, S.1
  • 8
    • 24944498494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of regional left and right ventricular longitudinal function in 75 normal fetuses using ultrasound-based strain rate and strain imaging
    • Di Salvo G, Russo MG, Paladini D, Pacileo G, Felicetti M, Ricci C, et al. Quantification of regional left and right ventricular longitudinal function in 75 normal fetuses using ultrasound-based strain rate and strain imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2005;31:1159-62.
    • (2005) Ultrasound Med Biol. , vol.31 , pp. 1159-62
    • Di Salvo, G.1    Russo, M.G.2    Paladini, D.3    Pacileo, G.4    Felicetti, M.5    Ricci, C.6
  • 9
    • 21044449736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of the fetal heart to changes in load: From hyperplasia to heart failure
    • Gardiner HM. Response of the fetal heart to changes in load: From hyperplasia to heart failure. Heart. 2005;91:871-3.
    • (2005) Heart. , vol.91 , pp. 871-3
    • Gardiner, H.M.1
  • 10
    • 77749320443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The right ventricle: Anatomy, physiology and functional assessment
    • Giusca S, Jurcut R, Ginghina C, Voigt JU. The right ventricle: Anatomy, physiology and functional assessment. Acta Cardiol. 2010;65:67-77.
    • (2010) Acta Cardiol. , vol.65 , pp. 67-77
    • Giusca, S.1    Jurcut, R.2    Ginghina, C.3    Voigt, J.U.4
  • 13
    • 0031567861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gestational age-and growth-related alterations in fetal right and left ventricular diastolic filling patterns
    • Harada K, Rice MJ, Shiota T, Ishii M, McDonald RW, Reller MD, et al. Gestational age-and growth-related alterations in fetal right and left ventricular diastolic filling patterns. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:173-7.
    • (1997) Am J Cardiol. , vol.79 , pp. 173-7
    • Harada, K.1    Rice, M.J.2    Shiota, T.3    Ishii, M.4    McDonald, R.W.5    Reller, M.D.6
  • 14
    • 0034665684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of left ventricular wall mass on Doppler filling patterns in the developing normal human heart
    • Harada K, Tsuda A, Shiota T, Rice MJ, Ishii M, McDonald RW, et al. Effect of left ventricular wall mass on Doppler filling patterns in the developing normal human heart. Am J Cardiol. 2000;86:659-63.
    • (2000) Am J Cardiol. , vol.86 , pp. 659-63
    • Harada, K.1    Tsuda, A.2    Shiota, T.3    Rice, M.J.4    Ishii, M.5    McDonald, R.W.6
  • 15
    • 33645210987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomy, echocardiography, and normal right ventricular dimensions
    • Ho SY, Nihoyannopoulos P. Anatomy, echocardiography, and normal right ventricular dimensions. Heart. 2006;92(Suppl 1):i2-13.
    • (2006) Heart. , vol.92 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Ho, S.Y.1    Nihoyannopoulos, P.2
  • 17
    • 47649096669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of regional myocardial dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction using velocity vector imaging
    • Jurcut R, Pappas CJ, Masci PG, Herbots L, Szulik M, Bogaert J, et al. Detection of regional myocardial dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction using velocity vector imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2008;21:879-86.
    • (2008) J Am Soc Echocardiogr. , vol.21 , pp. 879-86
    • Jurcut, R.1    Pappas, C.J.2    Masci, P.G.3    Herbots, L.4    Szulik, M.5    Bogaert, J.6
  • 18
    • 0023019405 scopus 로고
    • Changes in intracardiac blood flow velocities and right and left ventricular stroke volumes with gestational age in the normal human fetus: A prospective Doppler echocardiographic study
    • Kenny JF, Plappert T, Doubilet P, Saltzman DH, Cartier M, Zollars L, et al. Changes in intracardiac blood flow velocities and right and left ventricular stroke volumes with gestational age in the normal human fetus: A prospective Doppler echocardiographic study. Circulation. 1986;74:1208-16.
    • (1986) Circulation. , vol.74 , pp. 1208-16
    • Kenny, J.F.1    Plappert, T.2    Doubilet, P.3    Saltzman, D.H.4    Cartier, M.5    Zollars, L.6
  • 19
    • 77950972104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular function in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • Kim EH, Kim YH. Left ventricular function in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Korean Circ J. 2010;40:125-30.
    • (2010) Korean Circ J. , vol.40 , pp. 125-30
    • Kim, E.H.1    Kim, Y.H.2
  • 20
  • 21
    • 0034059216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal regional right ventricular function and its change with age: A Doppler myocardial imaging study
    • Kukulski T, Hubbert L, Arnold M, Wranne B, Hatle L, Sutherland GR. Normal regional right ventricular function and its change with age: A Doppler myocardial imaging study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2000;13:194-204.
    • (2000) J Am Soc Echocardiogr. , vol.13 , pp. 194-204
    • Kukulski, T.1    Hubbert, L.2    Arnold, M.3    Wranne, B.4    Hatle, L.5    Sutherland, G.R.6
  • 22
    • 40149105864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of regional right ventricular velocities, strain, and displacement in normal children using velocity vector imaging
    • Kutty S, Deatsman SL, Nugent ML, Russell D, Frommelt PC. Assessment of regional right ventricular velocities, strain, and displacement in normal children using velocity vector imaging. Echocardiography. 2008;25:294-307.
    • (2008) Echocardiography. , vol.25 , pp. 294-307
    • Kutty, S.1    Deatsman, S.L.2    Nugent, M.L.3    Russell, D.4    Frommelt, P.C.5
  • 23
    • 77955471988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Right ventricular function by strain echocardiography
    • La Gerche A, Jurcut R, Voigt JU. Right ventricular function by strain echocardiography. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2010;25: 430-6.
    • (2010) Curr Opin Cardiol. , vol.25 , pp. 430-6
    • La Gerche, A.1    Jurcut, R.2    Voigt, J.U.3
  • 24
    • 29244432482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for chamber quantification: A report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology
    • Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Pellikka PA, et al. Recommendations for chamber quantification: A report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005;18:1440-63.
    • (2005) J Am Soc Echocardiogr. , vol.18 , pp. 1440-63
    • Lang, R.M.1    Bierig, M.2    Devereux, R.B.3    Flachskampf, F.A.4    Foster, E.5    Pellikka, P.A.6
  • 25
    • 77955980416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy metabolic phenotype of the cardiomyocyte during development, differentiation, and postnatal maturation
    • Lopaschuk GD, Jaswal JS. Energy metabolic phenotype of the cardiomyocyte during development, differentiation, and postnatal maturation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2010;56: 130-40.
    • (2010) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. , vol.56 , pp. 130-40
    • Lopaschuk, G.D.1    Jaswal, J.S.2
  • 26
    • 33645394575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of strain and strain rate by echocardiography: Ready for prime time?
    • Marwick TH. Measurement of strain and strain rate by echocardiography: Ready for prime time? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:1313-27.
    • (2006) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.47 , pp. 1313-27
    • Marwick, T.H.1
  • 27
    • 58149339679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial strain measurement with 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography: Definition of normal range
    • Marwick TH, Leano RL, Brown J, Sun JP, Hoffmann R, Lysyansky P, et al. Myocardial strain measurement with 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography: Definition of normal range. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009;2:80-4.
    • (2009) JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. , vol.2 , pp. 80-4
    • Marwick, T.H.1    Leano, R.L.2    Brown, J.3    Sun, J.P.4    Hoffmann, R.5    Lysyansky, P.6
  • 28
    • 72149114572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of regional left ventricular longitudinal function in 151 normal fetuses using velocity vector imaging
    • Peng QH, Zhou QC, Zeng S, Tian LQ, Zhang M, Tan Y, et al. Evaluation of regional left ventricular longitudinal function in 151 normal fetuses using velocity vector imaging. Prenat Diagn. 2009;29:1149-55.
    • (2009) Prenat Diagn. , vol.29 , pp. 1149-55
    • Peng, Q.H.1    Zhou, Q.C.2    Zeng, S.3    Tian, L.Q.4    Zhang, M.5    Tan, Y.6
  • 29
    • 33947601406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of fetal myocardial performance using myocardial deformation analysis
    • Perles Z, Nir A, Gavri S, Rein AJ. Assessment of fetal myocardial performance using myocardial deformation analysis. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99:993-6.
    • (2007) Am J Cardiol. , vol.99 , pp. 993-6
    • Perles, Z.1    Nir, A.2    Gavri, S.3    Rein, A.J.4
  • 30
    • 38749096289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel feature-tracking echocardiographic method for the quantitation of regional myocardial function: Validation in an animal model of ischemia-reperfusion
    • Pirat B, Khoury DS, Hartley CJ, Tiller L, Rao L, Schulz DG, et al. A novel feature-tracking echocardiographic method for the quantitation of regional myocardial function: Validation in an animal model of ischemia-reperfusion. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:651-9.
    • (2008) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.51 , pp. 651-9
    • Pirat, B.1    Khoury, D.S.2    Hartley, C.J.3    Tiller, L.4    Rao, L.5    Schulz, D.G.6
  • 31
    • 0029997713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal branch pulmonary arterial vascular impedance during the second half of pregnancy
    • Rasanen J, Huhta JC, Weiner S, Wood DC, Ludomirski A. Fetal branch pulmonary arterial vascular impedance during the second half of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996; 174:1441-9.
    • (1996) Am J Obstet Gynecol. , vol.174 , pp. 1441-9
    • Rasanen, J.1    Huhta, J.C.2    Weiner, S.3    Wood, D.C.4    Ludomirski, A.5
  • 32
    • 62449281007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular size determines tissue Dopplerderived longitudinal strain and strain rate
    • Rosner A, Bijnens B, Hansen M, How OJ, Aarsaether E, Muller S, et al. Left ventricular size determines tissue Dopplerderived longitudinal strain and strain rate. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2009;10:271-7.
    • (2009) Eur J Echocardiogr. , vol.10 , pp. 271-7
    • Rosner, A.1    Bijnens, B.2    Hansen, M.3    How, O.J.4    Aarsaether, E.5    Muller, S.6
  • 33
    • 0034040444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial growth before and after birth: Clinical implications
    • Rudolph AM. Myocardial growth before and after birth: Clinical implications. Acta Paediatr. 2000;89:129-33.
    • (2000) Acta Paediatr. , vol.89 , pp. 129-33
    • Rudolph, A.M.1
  • 34
    • 65149085731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time evaluation of longitudinal peak systolic strain (speckle tracking measurement) in left and right ventricles of athletes
    • Stefani L, Pedrizzetti G, De Luca A, Mercuri R, Innocenti G, Galanti G. Real-time evaluation of longitudinal peak systolic strain (speckle tracking measurement) in left and right ventricles of athletes. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2009;7:17.
    • (2009) Cardiovasc Ultrasound. , vol.7 , pp. 17
    • Stefani, L.1    Pedrizzetti, G.2    De Luca, A.3    Mercuri, R.4    Innocenti, G.5    Galanti, G.6
  • 35
    • 42549146097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supernormal functional reserve of apical segments in elite soccer players: An ultrasound speckle tracking handgrip stress study
    • Stefani L, Toncelli L, Di Tante V, Vono MC, Cappelli B, Pedrizzetti G, et al. Supernormal functional reserve of apical segments in elite soccer players: An ultrasound speckle tracking handgrip stress study. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2008;6:14.
    • (2008) Cardiovasc Ultrasound. , vol.6 , pp. 14
    • Stefani, L.1    Toncelli, L.2    Di Tante, V.3    Vono, M.C.4    Cappelli, B.5    Pedrizzetti, G.6
  • 36
    • 33847209524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-dimensional tracking and TDI are consistent methods for evaluating myocardial longitudinal peak strain in left and right ventricle basal segments in athletes
    • Stefani L, Toncelli L, Gianassi M, Manetti P, Di Tante V, Vono MR, et al. Two-dimensional tracking and TDI are consistent methods for evaluating myocardial longitudinal peak strain in left and right ventricle basal segments in athletes. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2007;5:7.
    • (2007) Cardiovasc Ultrasound. , vol.5 , pp. 7
    • Stefani, L.1    Toncelli, L.2    Gianassi, M.3    Manetti, P.4    Di Tante, V.5    Vono, M.R.6
  • 37
    • 38749088355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of segmental and global function of the fetal heart using novel automatic functional imaging
    • Ta-Shma A, Perles Z, Gavri S, Golender J, Tarshansky S, Shlichter C, et al. Analysis of segmental and global function of the fetal heart using novel automatic functional imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2008;21:146-50.
    • (2008) J Am Soc Echocardiogr. , vol.21 , pp. 146-50
    • Ta-Shma, A.1    Perles, Z.2    Gavri, S.3    Golender, J.4    Tarshansky, S.5    Shlichter, C.6
  • 38
    • 0034487268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pulmonary vein Doppler flow velocity waveform: Feature analysis by comparison of in vivo pressures and flows with those in a computerized fetal physiological model
    • Talbert DG, Johnson P. The pulmonary vein Doppler flow velocity waveform: Feature analysis by comparison of in vivo pressures and flows with those in a computerized fetal physiological model. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2000;16:457-67.
    • (2000) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. , vol.16 , pp. 457-67
    • Talbert, D.G.1    Johnson, P.2
  • 39
    • 5044222643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue Doppler echocardiography - A case of right tool, wrong use
    • Thomas G. Tissue Doppler echocardiography -a case of right tool, wrong use. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2004;2:12.
    • (2004) Cardiovasc Ultrasound. , vol.2 , pp. 12
    • Thomas, G.1
  • 40
    • 0034609533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial strain by Doppler echocardiography. Validation of a new method to quantify regional myocardial function
    • Urheim S, Edvardsen T, Torp H, Angelsen B, Smiseth OA. Myocardial strain by Doppler echocardiography. Validation of a new method to quantify regional myocardial function. Circulation. 2000;102:1158-64.
    • (2000) Circulation. , vol.102 , pp. 1158-64
    • Urheim, S.1    Edvardsen, T.2    Torp, H.3    Angelsen, B.4    Smiseth, O.A.5
  • 41
    • 77549086976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective assessment of fetal cardiac function with speckle tracking in healthy fetuses and recipient fetuses of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
    • Van Mieghem T, Giusca S, DeKoninck P, Gucciardo L, Done E, Hindryckx A, et al. Prospective assessment of fetal cardiac function with speckle tracking in healthy fetuses and recipient fetuses of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2010;23:301-8.
    • (2010) J Am Soc Echocardiogr. , vol.23 , pp. 301-8
    • Van Mieghem, T.1    Giusca, S.2    Dekoninck, P.3    Gucciardo, L.4    Done, E.5    Hindryckx, A.6
  • 42
    • 33646233789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on longitudinal and circumferential left ventricular mechanics by velocity vector imaging: Description and initial clinical application of a novel method using high-frame rate B-mode echocardiographic images
    • Vannan MA, Pedrizzetti G, Li P, Gurudevan S, Houle H, Main J, et al. Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on longitudinal and circumferential left ventricular mechanics by velocity vector imaging: Description and initial clinical application of a novel method using high-frame rate B-mode echocardiographic images. Echocardiography. 2005;22:826-30.
    • (2005) Echocardiography. , vol.22 , pp. 826-30
    • Vannan, M.A.1    Pedrizzetti, G.2    Li, P.3    Gurudevan, S.4    Houle, H.5    Main, J.6
  • 43
    • 84871877633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of left ventricular global and regional longitudinal peak systolic strain, strain rate and velocity with feature tracking in healthy fetuses
    • Feb 3 Doi: 10.1055/S-0029-1246029
    • Willruth AM, Geipel AK, Fimmers R, Gembruch UG. Assessment of left ventricular global and regional longitudinal peak systolic strain, strain rate and velocity with feature tracking in healthy fetuses. Ultraschall in Med. 2011. Feb 3 Doi: 10.1055/S-0029-1246029.
    • (2011) Ultraschall in Med.
    • Willruth, A.M.1    Geipel, A.K.2    Fimmers, R.3    Gembruch, U.G.4
  • 44
    • 79251563163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of right ventricular global and regional longitudinal peak systolic strain, strain rate and velocity in healthy fetuses and impact of gestational age using a novel speckle/ feature tracking based algorithm
    • Willruth AM, Geipel AK, Fimmers R, Gembruch UG. Assessment of right ventricular global and regional longitudinal peak systolic strain, strain rate and velocity in healthy fetuses and impact of gestational age using a novel speckle/ feature tracking based algorithm. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2011;37:143-9.
    • (2011) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. , vol.37 , pp. 143-9
    • Willruth, A.M.1    Geipel, A.K.2    Fimmers, R.3    Gembruch, U.G.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.