Incentives and creativity: Evidence from the academic life sciences

RAND Journal of Economics

Volumn 42, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 527-554

  Azoulay, Pierre ^a   Graff Zivin, Joshua S ^b   Manso, Gustavo ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80052688674     PISSN: 07416261     EISSN: 17562171     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-2171.2011.00140.x     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Abadie, A. Semiparametric Difference-in-Differences Estimators. Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 72 (2005), pp. 1-19.
2. Aghion, P., Dewatripont, M., and Stein, J.C. Academic Freedom, Private Sector Focus, and the Process of Innovation. RAND Journal of Economics, Vol. 39 (2008), pp. 617-635.
3. Amabile, T.M. Creativity in Context. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996.
4. Azoulay, P., Stellman, A., and Graff Zivin, J. PublicationHarvester: An Open-Source Software Tool for Science Policy Research. Research Policy, Vol. 35 (2006), pp. 970-974.
5. Azoulay, P., Graff Zivin, J. and Wang, J. Superstar Extinction. Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 125 (2010), pp. 549-589.
6. Azoulay, P., Stuart, T., and Wang, Y. Matthew: Effect or Fable?" Working Paper, MIT Sloan School of Management, 2010. Available at.
7. Burt, R.S. Structural Holes and Good Ideas. American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 110 (2004), pp. 349-399.
8. Busso, M., DiNardo, J., and McCrary, J. Finite Sample Properties of Semiparametric Estimators of Average Treatment Effects." Working Paper, University of Michigan, 2008.
9. Capecchi, M.R. Response. Science, Vol. 319 (2008), pp. 900-901.
10. Charlton, B.G. Why Are Modern Scientists So Dull? How Science Selects for Perseverance and Sociability at the Expense of Intelligence and Creativity. Medical Hypotheses, Vol. 72 (2009), pp. 237-243.
11. Dehejia, R.H. and Wahba, S. Propensity Score-Matching Methods for Nonexperimental Causal Studies. Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 84 (2002), pp. 151-161.
12. Ederer, F. and Manso, G. Is Pay-for-Performance Detrimental to Innovation?" Working Paper, MIT Sloan School of Management, 2010.
13. Hirano, K. and Imbens, G.W. Estimation of Causal Effects Using Propensity Score Weighting: An Application to Data on Right Heart Catherization. Health Services & Outcomes Research Methodology, Vol. 2 (2001), pp. 259-278.
14. Holmström, B. Agency Costs and Innovation. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 12 (1989), pp. 305-327.
15. Jacob, B. and Lefgren, L. The Impact of Research Grant Funding on Research Productivity." Working Paper no. 13519, NBER, 2007.
16. Kaplan, D. How to Improve Peer Review at NIH. Scientist, Vol. 19 (2005), p. 10.
17. Kolata, G. Grant System Leads Cancer Researchers to Play It Safe. New York Times, June 28, 2009.
18. Lazear, E. Performance Pay and Productivity. American Economic Review, Vol. 90 (2000), pp. 1346-1361.
19. Lerner, J. and Wulf, J. Innovation and Incentives: Evidence from Corporate R&D. Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 89 (2007), pp. 634-644.
20. Lotka, A.J. The Frequency Distribution of Scientific Productivity. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Vol. 16 (1926), pp. 317-323.
21. Manso, G. Motivating Innovation. Journal of Finance, Vol. 66 (2011).
22. March, J.G. Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning. Organization Science, Vol. 2 (1991), pp. 71-87.
23. McKnight, S.L. Unconventional Wisdom. Cell, Vol. 138 (2009), pp. 817-819.
24. Merton, R.K. The Matthew Effect in Science. Science, Vol. 159 (1968), pp. 56-63.
25. Mokyr, J. The Gifts of Athena. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002.
26. Papke, L.E. and Wooldridge, J.M. Econometric Methods for Fractional Responses with an Application to 401(k) Plan Participation Rates. Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol. 11 (1996), pp. 619-632.
27. Robins, J.M. and Rotnitzky, A. Semiparametric Efficiency in Multivariate Regression Models with Missing Data. Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 90 (1995), pp. 122-129.
28. Rosenbaum, P.R. and Rubin, D.B. The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal Effects. Biometrika, Vol. 70 (1983), pp. 41-55.
29. Rubin, D.B. Characterizing the Estimation of Parameters in Incomplete-Data Problems. Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 69 (1974), pp. 467-474.
30. Santos Silva, J.M.C. and Tenreyro, S. The Log of Gravity. Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 88 (2006), pp. 641-658.
31. Sauermann, H. and Cohen, W.M. What Makes Them Tick? Employee Motives and Firm Innovation. Management Science, Vol. 56 (2010), pp. 2134-2153.
32. Simonton, D.K. Creativity in Science: Chance, Logic, Genius, and Zeitgeist. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
33. Smith, J.A. and Todd, P.E. Does Matching Overcome LaLonde's Critique of Nonexperimental Estimators Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 125 (2005), pp. 305-353.
34. Tian, X. and Wang, T.Y. Tolerance for Failure and Corporate Innovation." Working Paper, Indiana University, 2010.
35. Weitzman, M. Recombinant growth, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 13(1998), pp. 331-360.
36. Wooldridge, J.M. Quasi-Likelihood Methods for Count Data." In M.H. Pesaran and P. Schmidt, eds., Handbook of Applied Econometrics, Vol 2. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.
37. Wooldridge, J.M., "Inverse Probability Weighted M-Estimators for Sample Selection, Attrition, and Stratification. Portuguese Economic Journal, Vol. 1 (2002), pp. 117-139.