Review of mass transfer aspects for biological gas treatment

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Volumn 91, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 873-886

  Kraakman, Norbertus J R ^a   Rocha Rios, Jose ^b   Van Loosdrecht, Mark C M ^a  

^a DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

^b DEPARTAMENTO DE QUÍMICA   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Bioavailability; Biofilters; Biofiltration; Biotrickling filters; Capillary channels; Mass transfer limitation; Partitioning bioreactor; Taylor flow

Indexed keywords

BIOAVAILABILITY; BIOTRICKLING FILTERS; CAPILLARY CHANNELS; MASS TRANSFER LIMITATION; PARTITIONING BIOREACTORS; TAYLOR FLOW;

BIOCHEMISTRY; BIOCONVERSION; BIOFILTERS; BIOFILTRATION; BIOGAS; BIOLOGICAL WATER TREATMENT; BIOREACTORS; REACTOR OPERATION;

MASS TRANSFER;

BIOAVAILABILITY; BIOFILTRATION; BIOREACTOR; BIOTECHNOLOGY; CAPILLARITY; EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT; FILTER; FLOW PATTERN; GAS FLOW; MASS TRANSFER; OPTIMIZATION; SOLUBILITY; WASTE TREATMENT;

BIOFILTER; BIOREACTOR; COST CONTROL; GAS DIFFUSION; KINETICS; MASS TRANSFER; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; NONHUMAN; PROCESS OPTIMIZATION; REACTOR DESIGN; REVIEW; SOLUBILITY; WASTE GAS MANAGEMENT;

BIOREACTORS; BIOTECHNOLOGY; GASES;

EID: 80052645730     PISSN: 01757598     EISSN: 14320614     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3365-5     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Adler SF (2001) Biofiltration a primer. Chem Eng Prog 4:33-41
2. 2S and DMS. In: Proceeding of the 3rd International Congress on Biotechniques for Air Pollution Control. Bartacek J and Lens PNL. (eds.), pp. 169-171. September 28-30, Delft, The Netherlands
3. S Arriaga S Revah 2005 Removal of n-hexane by Fusarium solani with a gas phase bioreactor J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 32 548 553 10.1007/s10295-005-0247-9 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1Oks7zJ (Pubitemid 41752138)
4. S Arriaga S Revah 2005 Improving hexane removal by enhancing fungal development in a microbial consortium biofilter Biotechnol Bioeng 90 107 115 10.1002/bit.20424 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXivVamt7w%3D (Pubitemid 40547044)
5. S Arriaga S Revah 2009 Mathematical modeling and simulation of hexane degradation in fungal and bacterial biofilters: effective diffusivity and partition aspects Can J Civil Eng 36 1919 1925 10.1139/L09-090 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFymtrrE
6. S Arriaga R Muñoz S Hernández B Guieysse S Revah 2006 Gaseous hexane biodegradation by Fusarium solani in two liquid phase packed-bed and stirred tank bioreactors Environ Sci Technol 40 2390 2395 10.1021/es051512m 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xhs1SqsLw%3D
7. L Bailon M Nikolausz M Kaster MC Veiga C Kennes 2009 Removal of dichloromethane from waste gases in one- and two-liquid-phase stirred tank bioreactors and biotrickling filters Water Res 43 11 20 10.1016/j.watres.2008. 09.031 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsFCjtrrN
8. JW Barton BH Davison KT Klasson CC Gable 1999 Estimation of mass transfer and kinetics in operating trickle-bed bioreactors for removal of VOCs Environ Prog 18 87 92 10.1002/ep.670180212 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXkvV2gs7Y%3D
9. JW Barton CD Vodraska SA Flanary BH Davison 2003 Partitioning of BTEX constituents and chloroorganics in high-biomass systems Environ Prog 22 95 102 10.1002/ep.670220211 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXltlSru7Y%3D
10. JW Barton CD Vodraska SA Flanary BH Davison 2008 Solubility of toluene, benzene and TCE in high-microbial concentraion systems Chemosphere 73 1737 1740 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.008 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtlGlsLnO
11. R Billet M Shultes 1999 Prediction of mass transfer columns with dumped and arranged packings - updated summary of the calculation method of Billet and Shultes Chem Eng Res Des 77 498 504 10.1205/026387699526520 1:CAS:528: DyaK1MXntlyntrg%3D
12. S Bordel M Hernandez S Villadeverde R Muñoz 2010 Modelling gas-liquid VOCs transport in two-liquid phase partitioning bioreactors Int J Heat Mass Transfer 53 1139 1145 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.10.042 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhs1alu7bK
13. TNP Bosma PJM Middeldorp G Schraa AJB Zehnder 1996 Mass transfer limitation of biotransformation: quantifying bioavailability Environ Sci Technol 31 248 252 10.1021/es960383u
14. NG Boudreau AJ Daugulis 2006 Transient performance in two-phase partitioning bioreactors treating a toluene contaminated gas stream Biotechnol Bioeng 94 448 457 10.1002/bit.20876 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XltF2nu7w%3D
15. B Cardenas-Gonzalez SJ Ergas MS Switzenbaum 1999 Characterization of compost biofiltration media J Air Waste Manag Assoc 49 784 793 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXltlGhtro%3D
16. KG Clarke LDC Correia 2008 Oxygen transfer in hydrocarbon-aqueous dispersions and its applicability to alkane bioprocesses: a review Biochem Eng J 39 405 429 10.1016/j.bej.2007.11.020 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXkslarurs%3D
17. JP Cowger KT Klasson MD Ackerson E Clausen JL Caddy 1992 Mass-transfer and kinetic aspects in continuous bioreactors using Rhodospirillum rubrum Appl Biochem Biotechnol 34-35 613 624 10.1007/BF02920582
18. Cox HH (1995) Styrene Removal from waste gas by the fungus Exophiala jeanselmei in a biofilter. PhD Thesis, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, the Netherlands
19. HH Cox TT Nguyen MA Deshusses 2000 Toluene degradation in the recycle liquid of biotrickling filters for air pollution control Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 54 133 137 10.1007/s002530000346 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlsFaltbg%3D (Pubitemid 30490101)
20. AJ Daugulis BG Amsden J Bochanysz A Kayssi 2003 Delivery of benzene to Alcaligenes xylosoxidans by solid polymers in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor Biotechnol Lett 25 1203 1207 10.1023/A:1024593231015 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXltVemtLc%3D (Pubitemid 36940975)
21. CT Davison AJ Daugulis 2003 The treatment of gaseous benzene by two-phase partitioning bioreactors: a high performance alternative to the use of biofilters Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 62 297 301 10.1007/s00253-003-1298-3 (Pubitemid 36995186)
22. BH Davison JW Barton KT Klasson AB Francisco 2000 Influence of high biomass concentrations on alkane solubilities Biotechnol Bioeng 68 279 284 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(20000505)68:3<279::AID-BIT6>3.0.CO;2-P 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXislyksLg%3D (Pubitemid 30230398)
23. MM Delaloye UV Stockar L Xiao-ping 1991 The influence of viscosity on the liquid-phase mass transfer resistance in packed columns Chem Eng J 47 51 61 10.1016/0300-9467(91)85007-I 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXmtlGnt7k%3D (Pubitemid 21728661)
24. JS Devinney J Ramesh 2005 A phenomenological review of biofilter models Chem Eng J 113 187 196 10.1016/j.cej.2005.03.005 (Pubitemid 41501807)
25. E Déziel Y Corneau R Villemur 1999 Two-liquid-phase bioreactors for enhanced degradation of hydrophobic/toxic compounds Biodegradation 10 219 233 10.1023/A:1008311430525 (Pubitemid 29415901)
26. R Djeribi T Dezenclos A Pauss JM Lebeault 2005 Removal of styrene from waste gas using a biological trickling filter Eng Life Sci 5 450 457 10.1002/elsc.200520092 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1OgsbrK (Pubitemid 41749001)
27. AD Dorado G Rodríguez G Ribera A Bonsfills D Gabriel J Lafuente X Gamisans 2009 Evaluation of mass transfer coefficients in biotrickling filters: experimental determination and comparison to correlations Chem Eng Technol 32 1941 1950 10.1002/ceat.200900275 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsV2hu7zM
28. S Ebrahimi R Kleerebezem MT Kreutzer F Kapteijn JA Moulijn JJ Heijen MCM van Loosdrecht 2005 Potential application of monlith packed columns as bioreactors, control of biofilm formation Biotechnol Bioeng 93 238 245 10.1002/bit.20674
29. S Ebrahimi C Picioreanu JB Xavier R Kleerebezem MT Kreutzer F Kapteijn JM Moulijn MCM van Loosdrecht 2005 Biofilm growth pattern in honeycomb monolith packings: effect of shear rate and substrate transport limitations Catal Today 105 448 454 10.1016/j.cattod.2005.06.051 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXntVCmt78%3D (Pubitemid 41084278)
30. JM Estrada NJR Kraakman R Muñoz R Lebrero 2011 A comparative analysis of odour treatment technologies in wastewater treatment plants Environ Sci Technol 45 1100 1106 10.1021/es103478j 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsF2kurbK
31. MH Fazaelipoor SA Shojaosadati 2002 The effect of silicone oil on biofiltration of hydrophobic compounds Environ Progr 21 221 224 10.1002/ep.670210410 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXktFymuw%3D%3D
32. E Galindo AW Pacek AW Nienow 2000 Study of drop and bubble sizes in a simulated mycelial fermentation broth of up to four phases Biotechnol Bioeng 69 213 221 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(20000720)69:2<213::AID-BIT10>3.0.CO;2-D 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXkt1ags7k%3D (Pubitemid 30430092)
33. D Gomez-Diaz J Navaza 2003 Mass transfer in a flat gas/liquid interface using non-Newtonian media Chem Eng Technol 26 1068 1073 10.1002/ceat.200301688 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXosV2ltLo%3D (Pubitemid 37453682)
34. JJ Goncalves R Govind 2009 Enhanced biofiltration using cell attachment promotors Environ Sci Technol 43 1049 1054 10.1021/es801156x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmtFKmtg%3D%3D
35. JW Groenestijn NJR van Kraakman 2005 Recent developments in biological waste gas purification in Europe Chem Eng J 113 85 91 10.1016/j.cej.2005.03.007 (Pubitemid 41501796)
36. JW Groenestijn ME van Lake 1999 Elimination of alkanes from off-gases using biotrickling filters containing two liquid phases Environ Prog 18 151 155 10.1002/ep.670180310 (Pubitemid 30515449)
37. JW Groenestijn WN van Heiningen NJR van Kraakman 2001 Biofilters based on the action of fungi Water Sci Technol 44 227 232 (Pubitemid 33103799)
38. JD Hamme A van Sing OP Ward 2003 Recent advances in petroleum microbiology Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 67 503 549 10.1128/MMBR.67.4.503-549.2003 (Pubitemid 37553164)
39. B Han H Wu Z Gou XH Xing H Jiang Y Chen X Li JC Murrel 2009 Paraffin oil as a "methane vector" for rapid and high cell density cultivation of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 83 669 677 10.1007/s00253-009-1866-2 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmslOlu7Y%3D
40. H Harms TNP Bosma 1997 Mass transfer limitation of microbial growth and pollutant degradation J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 18 97 105 10.1038/sj.jim. 2900259 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXitlyqtrk%3D (Pubitemid 27468873)
41. M Hernandez G Quijano F Thalasso AJ Daugulis S Villaverde R Muñoz 2010 A comparative study of solid and liquid non-aqueous phases for the degradation of hexane in two-phase partitioning bioreactors Biotechnol Bioeng 106 731 740 10.1002/bit.22748 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnvFOjsr4%3D
42. F Heymes DP Manno F Charbit JL Fanlo P Moulin 2006 Hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a packed column: case of toluene absorption with a viscous absorbent Chem Eng Sci 61 5094 5106 10.1016/j.ces.2006.03.037 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xltlegs7s%3D (Pubitemid 43841805)
43. A Hoffmann JF Mackowiak A Gorak M Hass JM Loning T Runowski K Hallenberger 2007 Standardization of mass transfer measurements: a basis for the description of absorption processes Chem Eng Res Des 85 40 49 10.1205/cherd06134 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtFKjsLvL (Pubitemid 351722777)
44. Y Jin L Guo MC Veiga C Kennes 2007 Fungal biofiltration of α-pinene: the effect of temperature, relative humidity and transient loads Biotechnol Bioeng 96 433 443 10.1002/bit.21123 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtVajt7Y%3D (Pubitemid 46232349)
45. GEH Joosten PV Danckwerts 1973 Chemical reaction and effective interfacial areas in gas adsorption Chem Eng Sci 28 453 461 10.1016/0009- 2509(73)80043-0 1:CAS:528:DyaE3sXhtFehurg%3D
46. Kennes C, Veiga MC (eds) (2001) Bioreactors for waste gas treatment. Kluwer Acadamic Publicers, Dordrecht
47. S Kim MA Deshusses 2008 Determination of mass transfer coefficients for packing materials used in biofilters and biotrickling filters for air pollution control. 1. Experimental results Chem Eng Sci 63 841 855 10.1016/j.ces.2007.10. 011 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXisVagsQ%3D%3D
48. Koch AL (1990) Diffusion-the crucial process in many aspects of th biology of bacteria. In: Marcshall KC (ed) Adv Microbiol Ecol 11. Plenum Press, New York, pp 37-70
49. Kraakman NJR, Groenestijn JW, van Koers B et al. (1997) Styrene removal using a new type of bioreactor with fungi. Proceedings of an international symposium on Biological Waste Gas Cleaning. WL Prins and J van Ham (eds.), pp. 225-232, 28-29 April, Maastricht, The Netherlands
50. MT Kreutzer F Kapteijn JA Moulijn S Ebrahimi R Kleerebezem MCM van Loosdrecht 2005 Monoliths as biocatalytic reactors: smart gas-liquid contacting for process intensification Ind Eng Chem Res 44 9646 9652 10.1021/ie050286m 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXks1Khu7k%3D (Pubitemid 43015393)
51. MT Kreutzer F Kapteijn JA Moulijn JJ Heiszwolf 2005 Multiphase monolith reactors: chemical reaction engineering of segmented flow in microchannels Chem Eng Sci 60 5895 5916 10.1016/j.ces.2005.03.022 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmvVWktr4%3D (Pubitemid 41029506)
52. MT Kreutzer F Kapteijn JA Moulijn 2006 Shouldn't catalysts shape up? Structured reactors in general and gas-liquid monolith reactors in particular Catal Today 111 111 118 10.1016/j.cattod.2005.10.014 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2MXhtlCnsbzK (Pubitemid 41817435)
53. 2S and VOCs abatement robustness in biofilters and air diffusion bioreactors: a comparative study Water Res 44 3905 2914 10.1016/j.watres.2010. 05.008 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnslamsbs%3D
54. WK Lewis WG Whitman 1924 Principles of gas absorption Ind Eng Chem 16 1215 1220 10.1021/ie50180a002 1:CAS:528:DyaB2MXkt1Sh
55. V Linek V Vacek 1981 Chemical engineering use of catalyzed sulfite oxidation kinetics for the determination of masstransfer characteristics of gas-liquid contactors Chem Eng Sci 36 1747 1768 10.1016/0009-2509(81)80124-8 1:CAS:528:DyaL38XjslCnug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 12438205)
56. V Linek T Moucha JF Rejl 1984 Effective interfacial area and liquid side mass transfer coefficients in adsorption columns packed with hydrophillised and untreated plastic packings Chem Eng Res Des 62 13 21 1:CAS:528: DyaL2cXhtVGks7s%3D (Pubitemid 14527663)
57. V Linek J Sinkule K Brekke 1995 A critical evaluation of the use of absorption mass transfer data for the design of packed distillation columns Chem Eng Res Des 73 398 405 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmsl2ls7c%3D
58. V Linek T Moucha JF Rejl 2001 Hydraulic and mass transfer characteristics of packings for adsorption and sterilization columns, Rauschert-Metall-Sattel- Rings Chem Eng Res Des 79 725 732 10.1205/026387601753192046 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXosV2nu78%3D
59. JV Littlejohns AJ Daugulis 2009 A two-phase partitioning airlift bioreactor for the treatment of BTEX contaminated gases Biotechnol Bioeng 103 1077 1086 10.1002/bit.22343 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXptVGqs7w%3D
60. H Liu CO Vandu R Krishna 2005 Hydrodynamics of Taylor flow in vertical capillaries: flow regimes, bubble rise velocity, liquid slug length, and pressure drop Ind Eng Chem Res 44 4884 4897 10.1021/ie049307n 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVOhsLvO (Pubitemid 41053093)
61. CT McLeod AJ Daugulis 2005 Interfacial effects in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor: degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by an hydrophobic Mycobacterium Proc Biochem 40 1799 1805 10.1016/j.procbio. 2004.06.042 (Pubitemid 40240855)
62. MJ Miller DG Allen 2005 Biodegradation of α-pinene in model biofilms in biofilters Environ Sci Technol 39 5856 5863 10.1021/es048254y 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXltlGns7w%3D (Pubitemid 41098424)
63. M Montes E Rene MC Veiga C Kennes 2009 Two liquid phase thermophilic and mesophilic biotrickling filters for the biodegradation of α-pinene Biores Technol 101 9493 9499 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.07.101
64. M Montes AJ Daugulis MC Veiga C Kennes 2011 Characterization of absorbent polymers for the removal of volatile hydrophobic pollutants from air J Chem Technol Biotechnol 86 47 53 10.1002/jctb.2517 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsFGhu7bO
65. R Muñoz S Arriaga S Hernandez B Guieysse S Revah 2006 Enhanced hexane biodegradation in a two phase partitioning bioreactor: overcoming pollutant transport limitations Proc Biochem 41 1614 1619 10.1016/j.procbio. 2006.03.007 (Pubitemid 44251033)
66. R Muñoz S Villaverde B Guieysse S Revah 2007 Two-phase partitioning bioreactors for treatment of volatile organic compounds Biotechnol Adv 25 410 422 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.03.005 (Pubitemid 46805130)
67. DR Nielsen AJ Daugulis PJ Mclellan 2005 Transient performance of a two-phase partitioning bioscrubber treating a benzene-contaminated gas stream Environ Sci Technol 39 8971 8977 10.1021/es051158s 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFSksrjM
68. TA Nijhuis AEW Beers T Vergunst I Hoek F Kapteijn JA Moulijn 2002 Preparation of monolithic catalysts Catal Rev Sci Eng 43 345 380 10.1081/CR-120001807 (Pubitemid 34080779)
69. J Paca M Halecky E Kozliac 2009 Styrene biofiltration using two packing materials with different adsorption properties Environ Eng Sci 26 195 208 10.1089/ees.2007.0252 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXltFSrug%3D%3D
70. P Painmanakul K Loubiere M Roustan G Hebrard M Mietton-Peuchot H Gilles 2005 Effect of surfactants on liquid-side mass transfer coefficients Chem Eng Sci 60 6480 6491 10.1016/j.ces.2005.04.053 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmvVWrsL8%3D (Pubitemid 41029564)
71. SC Popat MA Deshusses 2010 Analysis of the rate-limiting step of an anaerobic biotrickling filter removing TCE vapors Proc Biochem 45 549 555 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.11.017 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjtVSrt7g%3D
72. FX Prenafeta-Boldu J Illa JW Groenestijn X van Flotats 2008 Influence of synthetic packing materials on the gas dispersion and biodegradation kinetics in fungal air biofilters Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 79 319 327 10.1007/s00253-008- 1433-2 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXkvFWntb4%3D
73. G Quijano M Hernandez F Thalasso R Muñoz S Villaverde 2009 Two-phase partitioning bioreactors in environmental biotechnology App Microbiol Biotechnol 84 829 846 10.1007/s00253-009-2158-6 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtFaqsLjN
74. G Quijano S Revah M Gutierrez-Rojas L Flores-Cotera F Thalasso 2009 Oxygen transfer in three-phase airlift and stirred reactors using silicone oil as transfer vector Proc Biochem 44 619 624 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.01.015 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXltVKrtb0%3D
75. G Quijano M Hernandez S Villaverde F Thalasso R Muñoz 2010 A step-forward in the characterization and potential applications of solid and liquid oxygen transfer vectors Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 85 543 551 10.1007/s00253-009-2146-x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXit1Olsg%3D%3D
76. G Quijano J Rocha-Rios M Hernandez S Villaverde S Revah R Muñoz F Thalasso 2010 Determining the effect of solid and liquid vectors on the gaseous interfacial area and oxygen transfer rates in two-phase partitioning bioreactors J Hazard Mater 175 1085 1089 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.020 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1MXhsFOru7fN
77. EM Ramirez-Lopez A Montillet J Comiti P Le Cloirec 2000 Biofiltration of volatile organic compounds-application to air treatment Water Sci Technol 12 183 190
78. C Ratledge 1977 Fermentation substrates Ann Rep Ferment Proc 1 49 71 1:CAS:528:DyaE1cXkt1aiu7g%3D
79. JF Rejl V Linek T Moucha L Valenz 2009 Methods standardization in the measurement of mass-transfer characteristics in packed absorption columns Chem Eng Res Des 87 695 704 10.1016/j.cherd.2008.09.009 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1MXmtV2gsLs%3D
80. Rocha-Rios J, Bordel S, Hernandez S, Revah S (2009) Methane degradation in two-phase partition bioreactors. Chem Eng J 152:289-292
81. Rocha-Rios J, Muñoz R, Revah S (2010) Effect of silicone oil fraction and stirring rate on methane degradation in a stirred tank reactor. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 85:314-319
82. Rocha-Rios J, Quijano G, Thalasso F, Revah S, Muñoz R (2011a) Methane biodegradation in a two-phase partition internal loop airlift reactor with gas recirculation. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 86:353-360
83. Rocha-Rios J, Kraakman NJR, Revah S, Kleerebezem R, Kreutzer M, van Loosdrecht MCM (2011b) A capillary bioreactor to increase methane transfer and consumption. (in press)
84. Rosenberg M (1991) Basic and applied aspects of microbial adhesion at the hydrocarbon-water interface. Crit Rev Microbiol 18:15-173
85. Shao N, Gavriilidis A, Angeli P (2010) Mass transfer during Taylor flow in micro channels with and without chemical reaction. Chem Eng J 160:730-880
86. Shareefden Z, Singh A (eds) (2005) Biotechnology for odour and air pollution control. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg
87. Spigno G, Pagella C, Fumi MD, Molteni R, De Faveri DM (2003) VOCs removal from waste gases: gas phase bioreactor for the abatement of hexane by Aspergillus niger. Chem Eng Sci 58:739-746 (Pubitemid 36302787)
88. Stankiewicz A (2001) Process intensification in in-line monolithic reactor. Chem Eng Sci 56:359-364
89. Suresh S, Srivastava VC, Mishra IM (2009) Techniques for oxygen transfer measurement in bioreactors: a review. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 84:1091-1103
90. Vergara-Fernandez A, Haaren B, van Revah S (2006) Phase partition of gaseous hexane and surface hydrophobicity of Fusarium solani when grown in liquid and solid media with hexanol and hexane. Biotechnol Lett 28:2011-2017 (Pubitemid 44875796)
91. Wang GQ, Yuan XG, Yu KT (2005) Review of mass-transfer correlations for packed columns. Ind Eng Chem Res 44:8715-8729
92. Warneck P (1988) Chemistry of the natural atmosphere. Academic Press, San Diego
93. Woertz JR, Kinney KA, Szaniszlo PJ (2001) A fungal vapor-phase bioreactor for the removal of nitrous oxide from waste gas streams. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 51:895-902 (Pubitemid 32664501)
94. Woertz JR, Heiningen WN, van Eekert MH, van Kraakman NJR, Kinney KA, Groenestijn JW (2002a) Dynamic bioreactor operation: effects of packing material and mite predation on toluene removal from off-gas. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 58:690-694
95. Woertz JR, Kinney KA, Heiningen WN, van Eekert MH, van Kraakman NJR, Groenestijn JW (2002b) Mite growth on fungus under various environmental conditions and its potential application in biofilters. Exp Appl Acarol 27:265-276
96. Wosten HAB (2001) Hydrophobins: multipurpose proteins. Annu Rev Microbiol 55:625-646
97. Wosten HAB, Wetter MA, van Lugones LG, der Mei HC, van Bussher HJ, Wessels JGH (1999) How fungus escapes the water to grow into the air. Curr Biol 9:85-88
98. Wubbolts MG, Favre-Bulle O, Witholt B (1996) Biosynthesis of synthons in two-liquid-phase media. Biotechnol Bioeng 52:301-308 (Pubitemid 26317929)
99. Yeom SH, Daugulis AJ (2001) Development of a novel bioreactor system for treatment of gaseous benzene. Biotechnol Bioeng 72:156-164