Hydrophobic modification of layered clays and compatibility for epoxy nanocomposites

Materials

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 2588-2605

  Lin, Jiang Jen ^a,b   Chan, Ying Nan ^a   Lan, Yi Fen ^a  

^a NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b NATIONAL CHUNG HSING UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Clay; Compatibility; Epoxy; Layered silicates; Nanocomposite

Indexed keywords

COMPATIBILITY; EPOXY; HYDROPHOBIC MODIFICATION; HYDROPHOBIC PROPERTIES; INTERLAYER EXPANSION; LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES; LAYERED SILICATE; NATURAL MONTMORILLONITE;

CLAY; HYDROPHOBICITY; INTERCALATION; MICA; NANOCOMPOSITES; SILICATES; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

POLYMERS;

EID: 80052572989     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19961944     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ma3042588     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Okada, A.; Usuki, A. The chemistry of polymer-clay hybrids. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 1995, 3, 109-115
2. Okada, A.;Usuki, A. Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: an overview. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2006, 291, 1449-1476
3. Porter, D.; Metcalfe, E.; Thomas, M.J.K. Polymer layered silicate nanocomposites. Fire Mater. 2000, 24, 45-52
4. Wang, Z.; Pinnavaia, T.J. Hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites: exfoliation of magadiite nanolayers in an elastomeric epoxy polymer. Chem. Mater. 1998, 10, 1820-1826
5. Gilman, J.W. Flammability and thermal stability studies of polymer layered-silicate_clay/nanocomposites. Appl. Clay Sci. 1999, 15, 31-49
6. Theng, B.K.G. The Chemistry of Clay-Organic Reactions, 2nd ed.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, NY, USA, 1974
7. Van Olphen, H. An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry, 2nd ed.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, NY, USA, 1977
8. Theng, B.K.G. Formation and Properties of Clay-Polymer Complexes; Elsevier: New York, NY, USA, 1979
9. Ray, S.S.; Okamoto, M. Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: a review from preparation to processing. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2003, 28, 1539-1641
10. Usuki, A.; Hasegawa, N.; Kadoura, H.; Okamoto, T. Three-dimensional observation of structure and morphology in nylon-6/clay nanocomposite. Nano Lett. 2001, 1, 271-272
11. Sparks, D.L. Environmental Soil Chemistry; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: New York, NY, USA, 2003
12. Ajjou, A.N.; Harouna, D.; Detellier, C.; Alper, H. Cation-exchanged montmorillonite catalyzed hydration of styrene derivatives. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 1997, 126, 55-60
13. Wang, H.; Zhao, T.; Zhi, L.; Yan, Y.; Yu, Y. Synthesis of novolac/layered silicate nanocomposites by reaction exfoliation using acid-modified montmorillonite. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2002, 23, 44-48
14. Tateyama, H.; Nishimura, S.; Tsunematsu, K.; Jinnai, K.; Adachi, Y.; Kimura, M. Synthesis of expandable fluorine mica from talc. Clays Clay Miner. 1992, 40, 180-185
15. Kodama, T.; Higuchi, T.; Shimizu, T.; Shimizu, K.; Komarneni, S.; Hoffbauer, W.; Schneider, H. Synthesis of Na-2-mica from metakaolin and its cation exchange properties. J. Mater. Chem. 2001, 11, 2072-2077
16. Rives, V.; Ulibarri, M.A. Layered double hydroxides (LDH) intercalated with metal coordination compounds and oxometalates. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1999, 181, 61-120
17. Rives, V. Characterisation of layered double hydroxides and their decomposition products. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2002, 75, 19-25
18. Khan, A.I.; O'Hare, D. Intercalation chemistry of layered double hydroxides: recent developments and applications. J. Mater. Chem. 2002, 12, 3191-3198
19. Aisawa, S.; Takahashi, S.; Ogasawara, W.; Umetsu, Y.; Narita, E. Direct intercalation of amino acids into layered double hydroxides by coprecipitation. J. Solid State Chem. 2001, 162, 52-62
20. LeBaron, P.C.; Wang, Z.; Pinnavaia, T.J. Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: an overview. Appl. Clay Sci. 1999, 15, 11-29
21. Yang, Y.; Zhu, Z.K.; Yin, J.; Wan, X.Y.; Qi, Z.E. Preparation and properties of hybrids of organo-soluble polyimide and montmorillonite with various chemical surface modification methods. Polymer 1999, 40, 4407-4414
22. Maiti, M.; Bandyopadhyay, A.; Bhowmick, A.K. Preparation and characterization of nanocomposites based on thermoplastic elastomers from rubber-plastic blends. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2006, 99, 1645-1656
23. Subramani, S.; Lee, J.Y.; Choi, S.W.; Kim, J.H. Waterborne trifunctionalsilane-terminated polyurethane nanocomposite with silane-modified clay. J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys. 2007, 45, 2747-2761
24. Bourlinos, A.B.; Jiang, D.D.; Giannelis, E.P. Clay-organosiloxane hybrids: a route to cross-linked clay particles and clay monoliths. Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 2404-2410
25. Hotta, Y.; Taniguchi, M.; Inukai, K.; Yamagishi, A. Formation of thin films of clay-organic complexes with an application as an electrode modifier. Langmuir 1996, 12, 5195-5201
26. Wang, K.; Wang, L.; Wu, J.; Chen, L.; He, C. Preparation of highly exfoliated epoxy/clay nanocomposites by "slurry compounding": process and mechanisms. Langmuir 2005, 21, 3613-3618
27. Szabo, A.; Gournis, D.; Karakassides, M.A.; Petridis, D. Clay-aminopropylsiloxane compositions. Chem. Mater. 1998, 10, 639-645
28. Hotta, Y.; Inukai, K.; Taniguchi, M.; Nakata, M.; Yamagishi, A. A clay self-assembled on a gold surface as studied by atomic force nicroscopy and electrochemistry. Langmuir 1997, 13, 6697-6703
29. Chou, C.C.; Chiang, M.L.; Lin, J.J. Unusual intercalation of cationic smectite clays with detergent-ranged carboxylic ions. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2005, 26, 1841-1845
30. Mahadevaiah, N.; Venkataramani, B.; Prakash, B.S.J. Restrictive entry of aqueous molybdate species into surfactant modified montmorillonite-a breakthrough curve study. Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 4606-4612
31. Vaia, R.A.; Teukolsky, R.K.; Giannelis, E.P. Interlayer structure and molecular environment of alkylammonium layered silicates. Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 1017-1022
32. Hotta, S.; Paul, D.R. Nanocomposites formed from linear low density polyethylene and organoclays. Polymer 2004, 45, 7639-7654
33. Zeng, C.; Lee, L.J. Poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene/clay nanocomposites prepared by in-situ polymerization. Macromolecules 2001, 34, 4098-4103
34. Fu, X.; Qutubuddin, S. Polymer-clay nanocomposites: exfoliation of organophilic montmorillonite nanolayers in polystyrene. Polymer 2001, 42, 807-813
35. Fu, X.; Qutubuddin, S. Synthesis of polystyrene-clay nanocomposites. Mater. Lett. 2000, 42, 12-15
36. Imai, Y.; Nishimura, S.; Abe, E.; Tateyama, H.; Abiko, A.; Yamaguchi, A.; Aoyama, T.; Taguchi, H. High-modulus poly(ethylene terephthalate)/expandable fluorine mica nanocomposites with a novel reactive compatibilizer. Chem. Mater. 2002, 14, 477-479
37. Chang, J.H.; Jang, T.G.; Ihn, K.J.; Lee, W.K.; Sur, G.S. Poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites with different clays: pristine clays and organoclays. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2003, 90, 3208-3214
38. Kim, M.H.; Park, C.I.; Choi, W.M.; Lee, J.W.; Lim, J.G.; Park, O.O.; Kim, J.M. Synthesis and material properties of syndiotactic polystyrene/organophilic clay nanocomposites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2004, 92, 2144-2150
39. Ijdo, W.L.; Pinnavaia, T.J. Solid solution formation in amphiphilic organic-inorganic clay heterostructures. Chem. Mater. 1999, 11, 3227-3231
40. Maiti, P.; Yamada, K.; Okamoto, M.; Ueda, K.; Okamoto, K. New polylactide/layered silicate nanocomposites: role of organoclays. Chem. Mater. 2002, 14, 4654-4661
41. Xie, W.; Xie, R.; Pan, W.P.; Hunter, D.; Koene, B.; Tan, L.S.; Vaia, R. Thermal stability of quaternary phosphonium modified montmorillonites. Chem. Mater. 2002, 14, 4837-4845
42. Bottino, F.A.; Fabbri, E.; Fragala, I.L.; Malandrino, G.; Orestano, A.; Pilati, F.; Pollicino, A. Polystyrene-clay nanocomposites prepared with polymerizable imidazolium surfactants. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2003, 24, 1079-1084
43. Fox, D.M.; Maupin, P.H.; Harris, R.H.; Jr.; Gilman, J.W.; Eldred, D.V.; Katsoulis, D.; Trulove, P.C.; DeLong, H.C. Use of a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-imidazolium cation as an organic modifier for montmorillonite. Langmuir 2007, 23, 7707-7714
44. Wang, Z.M.; Chung, T.C.; Gilman, J.W.; Manias, E. Melt-processable syndiotactic polystyrene/montmorillonite nanocomposites. J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys. 2003, 41, 3173-3187
45. Gilman, J.W.; Awad, W.H.; Davis, R.D.; Shields, J.; Harris, R.H.; Jr.; Davis, C.; Morgan, A.B.; Sutto, T.; Callahan,? E.?J.; Trulove, P.C.; DeLong, H.C. Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites from thermally stable trialkylimidazolium-treated montmorillonite. Chem. Mater. 2002, 14, 3776-3785
46. Lin, J.J.; Cheng, I.J.; Wang, R.; Lee, R.J. Tailoring basal spacings of montmorillonite by poly(oxyalkylene)diamine intercalation. Macromolecules 2001, 34, 8832-8834
47. Lin, J.J.; Cheng, I.J.; Chou, C.C. Critical conformational change of poly(oxypropylene)diamines in layered aluminosilicate confinement. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2003, 24, 492-495
48. Chou, C.C.; Shieu, F.S.; Lin, J.J. Copolymer-layered silicate hybrid surfactants from the intercalation of montmorillonite with amphiphilic copolymers. Macromolecules 2003, 36, 2187-2189
49. Chou, C.C.; Chang, Y.C.; Chiang, M.L.; Lin, J.J. Conformational change of trifunctional poly(oxypropylene)amines intercalated within a layered silicate confinement. Macromolecules 2004, 37, 473-477
50. Lin, J.J.; Hsu, Y.C.; Chou, C.C. Copolymer-layered silicate hybrid surfactants from the intercalation of montmorillonite with amphiphilic copolymers. Langmuir 2003, 19, 5184-5187
51. Lin, J.J.; Chen, Y.M. Amphiphilic properties of poly(oxyalkylene)amine-intercalated smectite aluminosilicates. Langmuir 2004, 20, 4261-4264
52. Lin, J.J.; Chou, C.C.; Lin, J.L. Lengthy rod formation from a poly(oxyalkylene)amine-intercalated smectite clay by a self-aligning mechanism. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2004, 25, 1109-1112
53. Lin, J.J.; Chu, C.C.; Chou, C.C.; Shieu, F.S. Self-assembled nanofibers from random silicate platelets. Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 301-304
54. Lin, J.J.; Chu, C.C.; Chiang, M.L.; Tsai, W.C. Manipulating assemblies of high-aspect-ratio clays and fatty amine salts to form surfaces exhibiting a lotus effect. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 3248-3252
55. Chu, C.C.; Chiang, M.L.; Tsai, C.M.; Lin, J.J. Exfoliation of montmorillonite clay by mannich polyamines with multiple quaternary salts. Macromolecules 2005, 38, 6240-6243
56. Lin, J.J.; Chu, C.C.; Chiang, M.L.; Tsai, W.C. First isolation of individual silicate platelets from clay exfoliation and their unique self-assembly into fibrous arrays. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 18115-18120
57. Lin, J.J.; Chang, Y.C.; Cheng, I.J. Novel mechanism for layered silicate clay intercalation by poly(propylene oxide)-segmented carboxylic acid. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2004, 25, 508-512
58. Lin, J.J.; Chen, Y.M.; Yu, M.H. Hydrogen-bond driven intercalation of synthetic fluorinated mica by poly(oxypropylene)-amidoamine salts. Col. Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 2007, 302, 162-167
59. Lin, J.J.; Juang, T.Y. Intercalation of layered double hydroxides by poly(oxyalkylene)-amidocarboxylates: tailoring layered basal spacing. Polymer 2004, 45, 7887-7893
60. Wang, M.S.; Pinnavaia, T.J. Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites formed from acidic derivatives of montmorillonite and an epoxy resin. Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 468-474
61. Lan, T.; Kaviratna, P.D.; Pinnavaia, T.J. Epoxy self-polymerization in smectite clays. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 1996, 57, 1005-1010
62. Ishida, H.; Campbell, S.; Blackwell, J. General approach to nanocomposite preparation. Chem. Mater. 2000, 12, 1260-1267
63. Muzny, C.D.; Butler, B.D.; Hanley, H.J.M.; Tsvetkov, F.; Peiffer, D.G. Clay platelet dispersion in a polymer matrix. Mater. Lett. 1996, 28, 379-384
64. Akelah, A.; El-Deen, N.S.; Hiltner, A.; Baer, E.; Moet, A. Organophilic rubber-montmorillonite nanocomposites. Mater. Lett. 1995, 22, 97-102
65. Ntsihlele, E.S.; Pizzi, A. Cross-linked coatings by co-reaction of isocyanate-methoxymethyl melamine systems. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1995, 55, 153-161
66. Kato, M.; Usuki, A.; Okada, A. Synthesis of polypropylene oligomer-clay intercalation compounds. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.1997, 66, 1781?1785
67. Tyan, H.L.; Liu, Y.C.; Wei, K.H. Thermally and mechanically enhanced clay/polyimide nanocomposite via reactive organoclay. Chem. Mater.1999, 11, 1942?1947
68. Agag, T.; Takeichi, T. Polybenzoxazine-montmorillonite hybrid nanocomposites: synthesis and characterization. Polymer 2000, 41, 7083?7090
69. Kawasumi, M.; Hasegawa, N.; Kato, M.; Usuki, A.; Okada, A. Preparation and mechanical properties of polypropylene-clay hybrids. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 6333-6338
70. Hasegawa, N.; Okamoto, H.; Kawasumi, M.; Usuki, A. Preparation and mechanical properties of polystyrene-clay hybrids. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1999, 74, 3359-3364
71. Ogata, N.; Kawakage, S.; Ogihara, T. Structure and thermal/mechanical properties of poly(ethylene oxide) clay mineral blends. Polymer 1997, 38, 5115-5118
72. Jiří, K. Clay and man: clay raw materials in the service of man. Appl. Clay Sci. 1995, 10, 275-335
73. Huang, J.C.; Zhu, Z.K.; Yin, J.; Qian, X.F.; Sun, Y.Y. Poly(etherimide)/montmorillonite nanocomposites prepared by melt intercalation: morphology, solvent resistance properties and thermal properties. Polymer 2001, 42, 873-877
74. Yano, K.; Usuki, A.; Okada, A.; Kurauchi, T.; Kamigaito, O. Synthesis and properties of polyimide-clay hybrid. J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem. 1993, 31, 2493-2498
75. Frisk, P.; Laurent, J. Nanocomposite polymer container. US Patent 5972448, 1999.
76. Jan, I.N.; Lee, T.M.; Chiou, K.C. Lin, J.J. Comparisons of physical properties of intercalated and exfoliated clay/epoxy nanocomposites. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2005, 44, 2086-2090
77. Chiu, C.W.; Cheng, W.T.; Wang, Y.P.; Lin, J.J. Fine dispersion of hydrophobic silicate platelets in anhydride-cured epoxy nanocomposites. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2007, 46, 7384-7388
78. Chu, C.C.; Lin, J.J.; Shiu, C.R.; Kwan, C.C. Fine dispersion and property differentiation of nanoscale silicate platelets and spheres in epoxy nanocomposites. Polym. J. 2005 37, 239-246
79. Chan, Y.N.; Juang, T.Y.; Liao, Y.L.; Dai, S.A.; Lin, J.J. Preparation of clay/epoxy nanocomposites by layered-double-hydroxide initiated self-polymerization. Polymer 2008, 49, 4796-4801
80. Chan, Y.N.; Dai, S.A.; Lin, J.J. Simultaneous occurrence of self-assembling silicate skeletons to worm-like microarrays and epoxy ring-opening polymerization. Macromolecules 2009, 42, 4362-4365