Check that body! The effects of sexually objectifying music videos on college men's sexual beliefs

Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media

Volumn 55, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 360-379

  Aubrey, Jennifer Stevens ^a   Hopper, K Megan ^b   Mbure, Wanjiru G ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI   (United States)

^b ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c STONEHILL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80052563819     PISSN: 08838151     EISSN: 15506878     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08838151.2011.597469     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Allen, M., Emmers, T. M., Gebhardt, L. J., & Giery, M. (1995). Exposure to pornography and acceptance of rape myths: A research summary using meta-analysis. Journal of Communi-cation, 45(1), 5-26.
2. American College Health Association (2008). Shifting the paradigm: Primary prevention of sex-ual violence. Available: http://www.acha.org/sexualviolence/docs/ACHA_PSV_toolkit.pdf
3. Arnett, J. (2002). The sounds of sex: Sex in teens' music and music videos. In J. D. Brown, J. R. Steele, & K. Walsh-Childers (Eds.). Sexual teens, sexual media: Investigating media's influence on adolescent sexuality (pp. 253-264). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
4. Aubrey, J. S., & Frisby, C. (2011). Sexual objectification in music videos: A content analysis comparing gender and genre. Mass Communication & Society, 14, 475-501.
5. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Per-sonality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
6. Burt, M. (1980). Cultural myths and supports for rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(2), 217-230.
7. Calfin, M. S., Carroll, J. L., & Schmidt, J. (1993). Viewing music-videotapes before taking a test of premarital sexual attitudes. Psychological Reports, 72(2), 475-481.
8. Conrad, K., Dixon, T., & Zhang, Y. (2009). Controversial rap themes, gender portrayals and skin tone distortion: A content analysis of rap music videos. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 53(1), 134-156.
9. Fazio, R. H., Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Powell, M. C., & Kardes, F. R. (1986). On automatic activation of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(2), 229-238.
10. Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition (2nd ed.) (pp. 96-116). New York: McGraw-Hill.
11. Fitts, M. (2008). "Drop it like it's hot": Culture industry laborers and their perspectives on rap music video production. Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism, 8(1), 211-235.
12. Flack, W. F., Daubman, K. A., Caron, M. L., Asadorian, J. A., D'Aureli, N. R., Gigliotti, S. N.,::: Stine, E. R. (2007). Risk factors and consequences of unwanted sex among university students: Hooking up, alcohol, and stress response. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(2), 139-157.
13. Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T-A. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward an understanding of women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 173-206.
14. Gow, J. (1996). Reconsidering gender roles on MTV: Depictions in the most popular music videos of the early 1990s. Communication Reports, 9(2), 151-161.
15. Greeson, L. E., & Williams, R. A. (1986). Social implications of music videos for youth: An analysis of the content and effects of MTV. Youth and Society, 18(2), 177-189.
16. Hansen, C. H. (1989). Priming sex-role stereotypic event schemas with rock music videos: Effects on impression favorability, trait inferences, and recall of a subsequent male-female interaction. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 10(4), 371-391.
17. Hansen, C. H., & Hansen, R. D. (1988). How rock music videos can change what is seen when boy meets girl: Priming stereotypic appraisal of social interactions. Sex Roles, 19(5-6), 287-316.
18. Hansen, C. H., & Krygowski, W. (1994). Arousal-augmented priming effects: Rock music videos and sex object schemas. Communication Research, 21(1), 24-47.
19. Haywood, H., & Swank, E. (2008). Rape myths among Appalachian college students. Violence & Victims, 23(3), 373-389.
20. Higgins, E. T., Bargh, J. A., & Lombardi, W. (1985). Nature of priming effects on categorization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 11(1), 59-69.
21. Intons-Peterson, M. J., Roskos-Ewoldsen, B., Thomas, L., Shirley, M., & Blut, D. (1989). Will educational materials reduce negative effects of exposure to sexual violence? Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 8(3), 256-275.
22. Jhally, S. (Writer/Editor/Narrator). (2007). Dreamworlds 3: Desire, sex, and power in music video [motion picture]. (Available from Media Education Foundation, 60 Masonic St., Northampton, MA 01060).
23. Johnson, J., Jackson, A., & Gatto, L. (1995). Violent attitudes and deferred academic aspirations: Deleterious effects of exposure to rap music. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 16(1/2), 27-41.
24. Kalof, L. (1999). The effects of gender and music video imagery on sexual attitudes. The Journal of Social Psychology, 139(3), 378-385.
25. King, K., Laake, R. A., & Bernard, A. (2006). Do the depictions of sexual attire and sexual behavior in music videos differ based on video network and character gender? American Journal of Health Education, 37(3), 146-153.
26. Kistler, M. E., & Lee, M. J. (2010). Does exposure to sexual hip-hop music videos influence the sexual attitudes of college students? Mass Communication and Society, 13(1), 67-86.
27. Lonsway, K. A., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (1994). Rape myths: In review. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 18(2), 133-164.
28. Lonsway, K. A., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (1995). Attitudinal antecedents of rape myth acceptance: A theoretical and empirical re-examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(4), 704-711.
29. Lott, B., Reilly, M. E., & Howard, D. R. (1982). Sexual assault and harassment: A campus community case study. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 8(2), 296-319.
30. Malamuth, N. M., & Check, J. V. P. (1980). Sexual arousal to rape and consenting depictions: The importance of the woman's arousal. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 89(6), 763-766.
31. Malamuth, N. M., & Check, J. V. P. (1985). The effects of aggressive pornography on beliefs in rape myths: Individual differences. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(3), 299-320.
32. McKenzie-Mohr, D., & Zanna, M. P. (1990). Treating women as sexual objects: Look to the (gender schematic) male who has viewed pornography. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16(2), 296-308.
33. Murnen, S. K., & Kohlman, M. H. (2007). Athletic participation, fraternity membership, and sexual aggression among college men: A meta-analytic review. Sex Roles, 57(1-2), 145-157.
34. Oware, M. (2009). A "man's woman"? Contradictory messages in the songs of female rappers, 1992-2000. Journal of Black Studies, 39(5), 786-802.
35. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior ResearchMethods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(4), 717-731.
36. Roberts, D. F., & Foehr, U. G. (2004). Kids & media in America. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
37. Roskos-Ewoldsen, D., & Roskos-Ewoldsen, B. (2009). Current research in media priming (pp. 177-192). In R. L. Nabi & M. B. Oliver (eds.), The Sage handbook of media processes and effects. Sage: Thousand Oaks, CA.
38. Rudman, L., & Borgida, E. (1995). The afterglow of construct accessibility: The behavioral consequences of priming men to view women as sexual objects. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31(6), 493-517.
39. Seidman, S. A. (1992). An investigation of sex-role stereotyping in music videos. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 36(2), 209-216.
40. Smith, S. L. (2005). From Dr. Dre to dismissed: Assessing violence, sex, and substance use on MTV. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 22(1), 89-98.
41. Sommers-Flanagan, R., Sommers-Flanagan, J., & Davis, B. (1993). What's happening on music television? A gender role content analysis. Sex Roles, 28(11/12), 745-753.
42. Storch, E. A., Bagner, D. M., Geffken, G. R., & Baumeister, A. L. (2004). Association between overt and relational aggression and psychosocial adjustment in undergraduate college students. Violence and Victims, 19(6), 689-700.
43. Vincent, R. C. (1989). Clio's consciousness raised? Portrayal of women in rock videos, reexamined. Journalism Quarterly, 66(1), 155-160.
44. Vincent, R. C., Davis, D. K., & Boruszkowski, L. A. (1987). Sexism on MTV: The portrayal of women in rock videos. Journalism Quarterly, 64(4), 750-755.
45. Ward, L. M., Hansbrough, E., & Walker, E. (2005). Contributions of music video exposure to black adolescents' gender and sexual schemas. Journal of Adolescent Research, 20(2), 143-166.
46. Wyer, R. S., Bodenhausen, G. V., & Gorman, T. F. (1985). Cognitive mediators of reactions to rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(2), 324-338.
47. Zillmann, D., & Mundorf, N. (1987). Image effects in appreciation of video rock. Communi-cation Research, 14(3), 316-334.