Scapular winging: An update

Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

Volumn 19, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 453-462

  Meininger, Alexander K ^a   Figuerres, Benedict F ^a   Goldberg, Benjamin A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80052188119     PISSN: 1067151X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5435/00124635-201108000-00001     Document Type: Review

References (43)

1. Warner JJ, Navarro RA: Serratus anterior dysfunction: Recognition and treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1998;349:139-148. (Pubitemid 28196557)
2. Bigliani LU, Compito CA, Duralde XA, Wolfe IN: Transfer of the levator scapulae, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor for paralysis of the trapezius. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1996;78(10):1534-1540. (Pubitemid 26357525)
3. Moore KL: Clinically Oriented Anatomy, ed 6. Philadelphia, PA, Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010.
4. Kuhn JE: The scapulothoracic articulation: Anatomy, biomechanics, pathophysiology and management, in Iannotti JP, Williams GR Jr, eds: Disorders of the Shoulder: Diagnosis & Management, ed 2. Philadelphia, PA, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006, vol 2, pp 1057-1086.
5. Myers JB, Laudner KG, Pasquale MR, Bradley JP, Lephart SM: Scapular position and orientation in throwing athletes. Am J Sports Med 2005;33(2):263-271.
6. Bertelli JA, Ghizoni MF: Long thoracic nerve: Anatomy and functional assessment. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005;87(5):993-998. (Pubitemid 40617566)
7. Kauppila LI: The long thoracic nerve: Possible mechanisms of injury based on autopsy study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1993;2(5):244-248.
8. Jenkins DB, Hollinshead WH: Hollmshead's Functional Anatomy of the Limbs and Back, ed 8. Philadelphia, PA, Saunders, 2002.
9. Fiddian NJ, King RJ: The winged scapula. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1984;185:228-236. (Pubitemid 14137585)
10. Wiater JM, Bigliani LU: Spinal accessory nerve injury. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1999;368:5-16. (Pubitemid 29533974)
11. Rockwood CA: The Shoulder, ed 4. Philadelphia, PA, Saunders/Elsevier, 2009.
12. Gozna ER, Harris WR: Traumatic winging of the scapula. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1979;61(8):1230-1233. (Pubitemid 10168407)
13. Kauppila LI, Vastamäki M: Iatrogenic serratus anterior paralysis: Long-term outcome in 26 patients. Chest 1996;109(1):31-34. (Pubitemid 26017588)
14. Vastamaki M, Kauppila LI: Etiologic factors in isolated paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle: A report of 197 cases. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1993;2(5):240-243.
15. Galano GJ, Bigliani LU, Ahmad CS, Levine WN: Surgical treatment of winged scapula. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2008;466(3):652-660.
16. Wiater JM, Flatow EL: Long thoracic nerve injury. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1999;368:17-27. (Pubitemid 29533975)
17. Perlmutter GS, Leffert RD: Results of transfer of the pectoralis major tendon to treat paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999;81(3):377-384. (Pubitemid 29153216)
18. Hester P, Caborn DN, Nyland J: Cause of long thoracic nerve palsy: A possible dynamic fascial sling cause. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2000;9(1):31-35.
19. Delmonte S, Massone C, Parodi A, Rebora A: Acquired winged scapula in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1998;16(1):82-83. (Pubitemid 28133490)
20. Bischel OE, Hempfing A, Rickert M, Loew M: Operative treatment of a winged scapula due to peripheral nerve palsy in Lyme disease: A case report and review of the literature. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2008;17(6):e24-e27.
21. Sivan M, Hassan A: Images in emergency medicine: Winged scapula as the presenting symptom of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Emerg Med J 2009;26(11):790.
22. Safran MR: Nerve injury about the shoulder in athletes, part 2: Long thoracic nerve, spinal accessory nerve, burners/stingers, thoracic outlet syndrome. Am J Sports Med 2004;32(4):1063-1076. (Pubitemid 38669408)
23. Bigliani LU, Perez-Sanz JR, Wolfe IN: Treatment of trapezius paralysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1985;67(6):871-877. (Pubitemid 15240310)
24. Teboul F, Bizot P, Kakkar R, Sedel L: Surgical management of trapezius palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004;86(9):1884-1890. (Pubitemid 39223455)
25. Donner TR, Kline DG: Extracranial spinal accessory nerve injury. Neurosurgery 1993;32(6):907-911. (Pubitemid 23157367)
26. Williams WW, Twyman RS, Donell ST, Birch R: The posterior triangle and the painful shoulder: Spinal accessory nerve injury. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1996;78(6):521-525. (Pubitemid 26382089)
27. Kretschmer T, Heinen CW, Antoniadis G, Richter HP, König RW: Iatrogenic nerve injuries. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2009;20(1):73-90, vii.
28. Akgun K, Aktas I, Terzi Y: Winged scapula caused by a dorsal scapular nerve lesion: A case report. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008;89(10):2017-2020.
29. Shapiro F, Specht L: The diagnosis and orthopaedic treatment of inherited muscular diseases of childhood. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1993;75(3):439-454.
30. Tamai K, Ogawa K: Intratendinous tear of the supraspinatus tendon exhibiting winging of the scapula: A case report. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1985;194:159-163. (Pubitemid 15088826)
31. von Eisenhart-Rothe R, Matsen FA III, Eckstein F, Vogl T, Graichen H: Pathomechanics in atraumatic shoulder instability: Scapular positioning correlates with humeral head centering. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2005;433:82-89. (Pubitemid 40489252)
32. Pande P, Hawkins R, Peat M: Electromyography in voluntary posterior instability of the shoulder. Am J Sports Med 1989;17(5):644-648. (Pubitemid 19263398)
33. Hovis WD, Dean MT, Mallon WJ, Hawkins RJ: Posterior instability of the shoulder with secondary impingement in elite golfers. Am J Sports Med 2002;30(6):886-890. (Pubitemid 35385618)
34. Lazar MA, Kwon YW, Rokito AS: Snapping scapula syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009;91(9):2251-2262.
35. Kuhn JE, Plancher KD, Hawkins RJ: Scapular winging. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 1995;3(6):319-325.
36. Disa JJ, Wang B, Dellon AL: Correction of scapular winging by supraclavicular neurolysis of the long thoracic nerve. J Reconstr Microsurg 2001;17(2):79-84. (Pubitemid 32216246)
37. Novak CB, Mackinnon SE: Surgical treatment of a long thoracic nerve palsy. Ann Thorac Surg 2002;73(5):1643-1645. (Pubitemid 34596618)
38. Tomaino MM: Neurophysiologic and clinical outcome following medial pectoral to long thoracic nerve transfer for scapular winging: A case report. Microsurgery 2002;22(6):254-257.
39. Post M: Pectoralis major transfer for winging of the scapula. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1995;4(1 pt 1):1-9.
40. Povacz P, Resch H: Dynamic stabilization of winging scapula by direct split pectoralis major transfer: A technical note. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2000;9(1):76-78.
41. Romero J, Gerber C: Levator scapulae and rhomboid transfer for paralysis of trapezius: The Eden-Lange procedure. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2003;85(8):1141-1145. (Pubitemid 37461408)
42. Giannini S, Ceccarelli F, Faldini C, Pagkrati S, Merlini L: Scapulopexy of winged scapula secondary to facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2006;449:288-294. (Pubitemid 44231822)
43. Krishnan SG, Hawkins RJ, Michelotti JD, Litchfield R, Willis RB, Kim YK: Scapulothoracic arthrodesis: Indications, technique, and results. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2005;435:126-133. (Pubitemid 40798653)