Gender Differences in Ethics Research: The Importance of Controlling for the Social Desirability Response Bias

Journal of Business Ethics

Volumn 103, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 73-93

  Dalton, Derek ^a   Ortegren, Marc ^b  

^a Bowling Green State University   (United States)

^b ROBERT MORRIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

ethics research; gender; social desirability response bias

Indexed keywords

EID: 80052072203     PISSN: 01674544     EISSN: 15730697     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10551-011-0843-8     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Alicke, M. D.: 1985, 'Global Self-Evaluation as Determined by the Desirability and Controllability of Trait Adjectives', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49, 1621-1630.
2. Allison, S. T., D. M. Messick, and G. R. Goethals: 1989, 'On Being Better but Not Smarter than Others: The Muhammad Ali Effect,' Social Cognition 7, 275-295.
3. Ameen, E. C., D. M. Guffey and J. J. McMillan: 1996, 'Gender Differences in Determining the Ethical Sensitivity of Future Accounting Professionals', Journal of Business Ethics15(5), 591-597.
4. Arnold, D. F and L. A. Ponemon: 1991, 'Internal Auditors' Perceptions of Whistle-Blowing and the Influence of Moral Reasoning: An Experiment,' Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 10 (2), 1-15.
5. Barnett, T., K. Bass and G. Brown: 1996, 'Religiosity, Ethical Ideology, and Intentions to Report a Peer's Wrongdoing', Journal of Business Ethics15(11), 1161-1174.
6. Baron, R. M., and D. A. Kenny: 1986, 'The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51 (6): 1173-1182.
7. Bernardi, R. A. 2006: 'Associations between Hofstede's Cultural Constructs and Social Desirability Response Bias', Journal of Business Ethics 65, 45-53.
8. Bernardi, R. A. and K. L. Adamaitis: 2006, 'Data Contamination by Social Desirability Response Bias: An International Study of Students' Cheating Behavior', Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting 11, 157-184.
9. Bernardi, R. A. and S. T. Guptill: 2008, 'Social Desirability Response Bias, Gender, and Factors Influencing Organizational Commitment: An International Study,' Journal of Business Ethics 81, 797-809.
10. Bernardi, R. A., M. B. Witek, and M. R. Melton: 2009, 'A Four-Country Study of the Associations Between Bribery and Unethical Actions', Journal of Business Ethics 84, 389-403.
11. Bierbrauer, G.: 1976, 'Why Did He Do It? Attribution of Obedience and the Phenomenon of Dispositional Bias,' European Journal of Social Psychology 9, 67-84.
12. Christie, P. M. J., I. G. Kwon, P. A. Stoeberl, and R. Baumhart: 2003, 'A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Ethical Attitudes of Business Managers: India, Korea, and the United States', Journal of Business Ethics 46 (3), 263-287.
13. Chung, J. and G. S. Monroe: 2003, 'Exploring Social Desirability Bias', Journal of Business Ethics 44, 291-302.
14. Cianci, A. M. and S. E. Kaplan: 2010, 'The Effect of CEO Reputation and Explanations for Poor Performance on Investors' Judgments About the Company's Future Performance and Management', Accounting, Organizations and Society 35, 478-495.
15. Cohen, J. R., L. W. Pant and D. J. Sharp: 2001, 'An Examination of Differences in Ethical-Decision Making Between Canadian Business Students and Accounting Professionals', Journal of Business Ethics 30 (4), 319-336.
16. Cole, B. C. and D. L. Smith: 1996, 'Perceptions of Business Ethics: Students vs. Business People', Journal of Business Ethics 15 (8), 889-896.
17. Crandall, V.: 1966, 'Personality Characteristics and Social Achievement Behaviors Associated with Children's Social Desirability Response Tendencies', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology4, 447-486.
18. Crowne, D. P. and D. Marlowe: 1960, 'A New Scale of Social Desirability Independent of Psychopathology,' Journal of Consulting Psychology 24, 349-354.
19. Dawson, L. M.: 1997, 'Ethical Differences Between Men and Women in the Sales Profession', Journal of Business Ethics 16 (11), 1143-1152.
20. Deshpande, S. P., J. Joseph, and R. Prasad: 2006, 'Factors Impacting Ethical Behavior in Hospitals', Journal of Business Ethics 69: 207-216.
21. Dunning, D. J. A. Meyerowitz, and A. D. Holzberg: 1989, 'Ambiguity and Self-Evaluation: The Role of Idiosyncratic Trait Definitions in Self-Serving Assessments of Ability,' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57, 1082-1090.
22. Eagley, A. H.: 1987, Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social-Role Interpretation (Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey).
23. Edwards, A.: 1953, 'The Relationship Between the Judged Desirability of a Trait and the Probability that the Trait Will be Endorsed', Journal of Applied Psychology 37, 90-93.
24. Fernandes, M. F. and D. M. Randall: 1992. 'The Nature of Social Desirability Response Effects in Ethics Research', Business Ethics Quarterly 2(2), 183-205.
25. Fleischman, G. and S. Valentine: 2003, 'Professionals' Tax Liability and Ethical Evaluations in an Equitable Relief Innocent Spouse Case', Journal of Business Ethics 42 (1), 27-44.
26. Ford, R. C. and W. D. Richardson: 1994, 'Ethical Decision Making: A Review of the Empirical Literature', Journal of Business Ethics 13, 205-221.
27. Geiger, M. A. and B. T. O'Connell: 2000, 'An Examination of Using Surrogate Measures to Assess Social Desirability Response Bias', Research in Accounting Ethics6, 107-120.
28. Gilligan, C.: 1982, In a Different Voice (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).
29. Glover, S. H., M. A. Bumpus, J. E. Logan and J. R. Ciesla: 1997, 'Re-Examining the Influence of Indivdidual Values on Ethical Decision Making', Journal of Business Ethics 16(12), 1319-1329.
30. Goethals, G. R.: 1986, Fabricating and Ignoring Social Reality: Self-Serving Estimates of Consensus. In: J. Suls, T. A. Will (eds.), Social Comparison and Relative Deprivation: The Ontario Symposium, Vol. 4. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 135-157.
31. G. R. Goethals, D. M. Messick, S. T. Allison (1991) The Uniqueness Bias: Studies of Constructive Social Comparison. In J. Suls and T. A. Will (eds.), Social Comparison: Contemporary Theory and Research, Vol. 15. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 149-176.
32. Groves, G. M.: 1989, Survey Errors and Survey Costs (Wiley, New York, NY).
33. Libby, B. and V. Agnello: 2000, 'Ethical Decision Making and the Law', Journal of Business Ethics 26 (3), 223-232.
34. Loe, T. W., L. Ferrell, and P. Mansfield: 2000. 'A Review of Empirical Studies Assessing Ethical Decision Making in Business', Journal of Business Ethics 25, 185-204.
35. Lopez, T. J., S. D. Vandervelde, and Y. Wu: 2009. 'Investor Perceptions of an Auditor's Adverse Internal Control Opinion', The Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 28, 231-250.
36. Malinowski, C. and K. A. Berger: 1996, 'Undergraduate Student Attitudes About Hypothetical Marketing Dilemmas', Journal of Business Ethics 15(5), 525-535.
37. Mason, E. S and P. E. Mudrack: 1996, 'Gender and Ethical Orientation: A Test of Gender and Occupational Socialization Theories', Journal of Business Ethics 15: 599-604.
38. Mensch, B. S., D. B. Kandel. 1988. Underreporting of Substance Use in a National Longitudinal Youth Cohort. Public Opinion Quarterly 25(1): 100-124.
39. Moorman, R. H. and P. M. Podsakoff: 1992, 'A Meta-Analytic Review and Empirical Test of the Potential Confounding Effects of Social Desirability Response Sets in Organizational Behaviour Research', Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 65, 131-149.
40. Nyaw, M. K. and I. Ng: 1994, 'A Comparative Analysis of Ethical Beliefs: A Four Country Study', Journal of Business Ethics 13: 543-555.
41. O'Fallon, M. J. and K. D. Butterfield: 2005, 'A Review of the Empirical Ethical Decision-Making Literature: 1996-2003', Journal of Business Ethics 59: 375-413.
42. Okleshen, M. and R. Hoyt: 1996, 'A Cross Cultural Comparison of Ethical Perspectives and Decision Approaches of Business Students: United States of America Versus New Zealand', Journal of Business Ethics 15 (5), 537-549.
43. Paulhus, D. L.: 1984. 'Two-Component Models of Socially Desirable Responding', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46, 598-609.
44. Paulhus, D. L.: 1986, 'Self-Deception and Impression Management in Test Responses', in A. Angleiter and J. S. Wiggins (eds), Personality Assessment Via Questionnaire: Current Issues in Theory and Measurement (Springer-Verlag, Berlin).
45. Paulhus, D. L.: 1991, 'Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR)', in J. P. Robinson, P. R. Shaver and L. S. Wrightsman (eds.), Measures of Personality and Psychological Attitudes, Vol. 1 (Academic Press, New York), pp. 37-41.
46. Peltier, B. D., J. A. Walsh: 1990, An Investigation of Response Bias in the Chapman Scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement 50(1), 803-815.
47. Randall, D. M. and M. F. Fernandes: 1991, 'The Social Desirability Response Bias in Ethics Research', Journal of Business Ethics 10, 805-817.
48. Randall, D. M. and A. M. Gibson: 1990, 'Methodology in Business Ethics Research: A Review and Critical Assessment', Journal of Business Ethics 9 (6), 457-472.
49. Rest, J.: 1986, Moral Development Advance in Research and Theory. (Praeger, New York, NY).
50. Ross, W. T. and D. C. Robertson: 2003, 'A Typology of Situational Factors: Impact of Salesperson Decision-Making About Ethical Issues', Journal of Business Ethics, 46 (3), 213-234.
51. Schoderbek, P. P. and S. P. Deshpande: 1996, 'Impression Management, Overclaiming, and Perceived Unethical Conduct: The Role of Male and Female Managers', Journal of Business Ethics 15, 409-414.
52. Schultz, J. J., D. A. Johnson, D. Morris, and S. Dyrnes: 1993, 'An Investigation of the Reporting of Questionable Acts in an International Setting,' Journal of Accounting Research 31 (Supplement), 75-103.
53. Singhapakdi, A.: 1999, 'Perceived Importance of Ethics and Ethical Decisions in Marketing', Journal of Business Research 45, 89-99.
54. Smith, P. L., and E. F. Oakley, III.: 1997, 'Gender-Related Differences in Ethical and Social Values of Business Students: Implications for Management', Journal of Business Ethics 16, 37-45.
55. Weber, J.: 1992, 'Scenarios in Business Ethics Research: Review, Critical Assessment, and Recommendations', Business Ethics Quarterly, 2 (2), 137-160.
56. Weeks, W. A., C. W. Moore, J. A. McKinney and J. G. Longenecker: 1999, 'The Effects of Gender and Career Stage on Ethical Judgment', Journal of Business Ethics 20(4), 301-313.
57. Zerbe, W. J. and D. L. Paulhus: 1987, 'Socially Desirable Responding in Organizational Behavior: A Reconception', Academy of Management Journal 12 (2), 250-264.