Natural Rubber-Based Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives: A Review

Journal of Polymers and the Environment

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 793-811

  Khan, Imran ^a   Poh, B T ^a  

^a Universiti Sains Malaysia   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Adhesion; Peel strength; Pressure sensitive adhesives; Shear strength; Tack

Indexed keywords

ADHESION PROPERTIES; LOW PRESSURES; MEASUREMENT METHODS; PEEL STRENGTH; PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ADHESIVES; SHORT CONTACT TIME; TACK;

ADHESION; RUBBER; SHEAR STRENGTH;

ADHESIVES;

ADHESION; PRESSURE; RUBBER; SHEAR STRENGTH;

EID: 80052027384     PISSN: 15662543     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10924-011-0299-z     Document Type: Article

References (179)

1. Aubrey DW, Sherriff M (1980) Peel adhesion and viscoelasticity of rubber-resin blends. J Appl Polym Sci 18: 2597-2608.
2. Sherriff M, Knibbs RW, Langley PG (1973) Mechanism for the action of tackifying resins in pressure-sensitive adhesives. J Appl Polym Sci 17: 3423-3438.
3. Hata T, Tsukatani T, Mizumachi H (1994) Holding power (tb) and sliding friction coefficient of pressure sensitive adhesives. J Adhes Soc Jpn 30: 307-312.
4. Tinker AJ, Jones KP (1998) Blends of natural rubber novel techniques for blending with speciality polymers. Chapman and Hall, London.
5. Choi S-S, Nah C, Lee SG, Joo CW (2003) Effect of filler-filler interaction on rheological behaviour of natural rubber compounds filled with both carbon black and silica. Polym Int 52: 23-28.
6. Heinrich G, Kluppel M, Vilgis TA (2002) Reinforcement of elastomers. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci 6: 195-203.
7. George SC, Ninan KN, Groeninckx G, Thomas S (2000) Styrene-butadiene rubber/natural rubber blends: morphology, transport behavior, and dynamic mechanical and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 1280-1303.
8. Brown PS, Tinker AJ (1997) High damping NR/ENR blends. J Nat Rubber Res 12: 90-101.
9. 13C-NMR and equilibrium-swelling studies of filled, TBBS-accelerated sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 70: 1391-1399.
10. 13C NMR studies of vulcanized elastomers. 4. Sulfur-vulcanized polybutadiene. Die Makromolekulare Chemie 189: 1239-1251.
11. Clough RS, Koenig JL (1989) Solid-state carbon-13 NMR studies of vulcanized elastomers. VII. Sulfur-vulcanized cis-1, 4-polybutadiene at 75. 5 MHz. Rubber Chem Technol 62: 908-927.
12. Koenig JL (2000) Spectroscopic characterization of the molecular structure of elastomeric networks. Rubber Chem Technol 73: 385-404.
13. Brockmann W, Huther R (1996) Adhesion mechanisms of pressure-sensitive adhesives. Int J Adhes Adhes 16: 81-86.
14. Webster I (1997) Recent developments in pressure-sensitive adhesives for medical applications. Int J Adhes Adhes 17: 69-73.
15. Lanrock A (1985) Adhesive technology hand book. Noyes Publishing, Park Ridge.
16. Dahlquist CA (1969) Pressure-sensitive adhesives. In: Patrick RL (ed) Treatise on adhesion and adhesives. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 219-260.
17. Ahmad A, Tinker AJ, Aubrey DW (1994) Absorption of ester type plasticisers by natural rubber and epoxidised natural rubber-diffusion coefficients and equilibrium uptake. J Nat Rubber Res 9: 1-12.
18. Ahmad A, Tinker AJ, Aubrey DW (1995) Distribution of ester plasticisers between two rubber phases-estimation of partition coefficients and comparison with theory. J Nat Rubber Res 10: 1-13.
19. Ahmad A (1990) The study of the partition of plasticizer and filler for highly hysteretic rubber blends. PhD Thesis, CNAA, London.
20. Gelling LR, Metherell C (1993) Vulcanisation systems for ENR-50. J Nat Rubber Res 8: 37-56.
21. Allen KW (1987) A review of contemporary views of theories of adhesion. J Adhes 21: 261-277.
22. Leong YC, Lee LMS, Gan SN (2003) The viscoelastic properties of natural rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive using acrylic resin as a tackifier. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2118-2123.
23. Fujita M, Takemura A, Ono H, Kajiyama M, Hayashi S, Mizumachi H (2000) Effects of miscibility and viscoelasticity on shear creep resistance of natural-rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 1535-1545.
24. Fujita M, Kajiyama M, Takemura A, Ono H, Mizumachi H, Hayashi S (1997) Miscibility between natural rubber and tackifiers. I. Phase diagrams of the blends of natural rubber with rosin and terpene resins. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 2191-2197.
25. Fujita M, Kajiyama M, Takemura A, Ono H, Mizumachi H, Hayashi S (1998) Miscibility between natural rubber and tackifiers. II. Phase diagrams of the blends of natural rubber and petroleum resins. J Appl Polym Sci 67: 221-229.
26. Fujita M, Kajiyama M, Takemura A, Ono H, Mizumachi H, Hayashi S (1998) Effects of miscibility on peel strength of natural-rubber- based pressure-sensitive adhesives. J Appl Polym Sci 70: 777-784.
27. Hayashi S, Kim H-J, Kajiyama M, Ono H, Mizumachi H, Zufu Z (1999) Miscibility and pressure-sensitive adhesive performances of acrylic copolymer and hydrogenated rosin systems. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 651-663.
28. Kim H-J, Hayashi S, Mizumachi H (1998) Miscibility and fracture energy of probe tack for acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives: acrylic copolymer/tackifier resin systems. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 581-587.
29. Kim H-J, Mizumachi H (1995) Miscibility and peel strength of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives: acrylic copolymer-tackifier resin systems. J Appl Polym Sci 56: 201-209.
30. Whitehouse RS, Counsell PJC (1976) Composition of rubber/resin adhesive films: 1. Surface composition as determined by ATR-IR spectroscopy. Polymer 17: 699-704.
31. Pal K, Pal SK, Das CK, Kim JK (2011) Effect of fillers on morphological properties and wear characteristics of XNBR/NR blends. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 710-718.
32. Saito T, Klinklai W, Kawahara S (2007) Characterization of epoxidized natural rubber by 2D NMR spectroscopy. Polymer 48: 750-757.
33. Noriman NZ, Ismail H, Rashid AA (2010) Characterization of styrene butadiene rubber/recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (SBR/NBRr) blends: the effects of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) as a compatibilizer. Polym Test 29: 200-208.
34. Ismail H, Leong HC (2001) Curing characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber/chloroprene rubber and epoxidized natural rubber/chloroprene rubber blends. Polym Test 20: 509-516.
35. Wetzel FH (1957) Rosin and rosin derivatives in pressure-sensitive adhesives. Rubber Age 82: 291-295.
36. Aubrey DW (1988) Nature and action of tackifier resins. Rubber Chem Technol 61: 448-469.
37. Sakdapipanich JT (2007) Structural characterization of natural rubber based on recent evidence from selective enzymatic treatments. J Biosci Bioeng 103: 287-292.
38. Toki S, Hsiao BS, Amnuaypornsri S, Sakdapipanich J (2009) New insights into the relationship between network structure and strain-induced crystallization in un-vulcanized and vulcanized natural rubber by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Polymer 50: 2142-2148.
39. Omnes B, Thuillier S, Pilvin P, Grohens Y, Gillet S (2008) Effective properties of carbon black filled natural rubber: experiments and modeling. Composites 39: 1141-1149.
40. Poh BT, Yong AT (2009) Effect of molecular weight of epoxidized natural rubber on shear strength of adhesives. J Appl Polym Sci 114: 3976-3979.
41. Poh BT, Yong AT (2009) Dependence of peel adhesion on molecular weight of epoxidized natural rubber. J Adhesion 85: 435-446.
42. Bhattacharjee S, Bhowmick AK, Avasthi BN (1993) Hydrogenation of epoxidized natural rubber in the presence of palladium acetate catalyst. Polymer 34: 5168-5173.
43. Mohanty S, Nando GB (1997) Characterization of ionomers formed in situ from miscible blends of poly (ethylene-coacrylic acid) (PEA) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). Polymer 38: 1395-1402.
44. Vu YT, Mark JE, Pham Ly H, Engelhardt M (2001) Clay nanolayer reinforcement of cis-1, 4-polyisoprene and epoxidized natural rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1391-1403.
45. Teh PL, Ishak ZAM, Hashim AS, Karger-Kocsis J, Ishiaku US (2004) Effects of epoxidized natural rubber as a compatibilizer in melt compounded natural rubber-organoclay nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 40: 2513-2521.
46. Varughese KT, Nando GB, De PP, De SK (1988) Miscible blends from rigid poly(vinyl chloride) and epoxidized natural rubber. J Matter Sci 23: 3894-3902.
47. Heping Y, Sidong L, Zheng P (1999) Preparation and study of epoxidized natural rubber. J Therm Anal Calorim 58: 293-299.
48. Yu H, Zeng Z, Lu G, Wang Q (2008) Processing characteristics and thermal stabilities of gel and sol of epoxidized natural rubber. Eur Polym J 44: 453-464.
49. Tanrattanakul V, Sungthong N, Raksa P (2008) Rubber toughening of nylon 6 with epoxidized natural rubber. Polym Test 27: 794-800.
50. Ismail H, Hairunezam HM (2001) The effect of a compatibilizer on curing characteristics, mechanical properties and oil resistance of styrene butadiene rubber/epoxidized natural rubber blends. Eur Polym J 37: 39-44.
51. Class JB, Chu SG (1985) The viscoelastic properties of rubber-resin blends. I. The effect of resin structure. J Appl Polym Sci 30: 805-814.
52. Poh BT, Firdaus SZ (2010) Effect of hybrid tackifiers on adhesion properties of epoxidized natural rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives. J Polym Environ 18: 335-338.
53. Poh BT, Gan CF (2010) Viscosity and peel strength of magnesium oxide-filled adhesive prepared from epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 25). Polym-Plast Technol 49: 191-194.
54. Poh BT, Lai CM (2010) Effect of barium chloride filler on the adhesion properties of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 25)-based adhesives. Polym Plast Technol 49: 1196-1200.
55. Poh BT, Chew CE (2009) Effect of kaolin on adhesion property of epoxidized natural rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesive using gum rosin as the tackifier. J Elastom Plast 41: 447-456.
56. Poh BT, Chow SK (2007) Effect of zinc oxide on the viscosity, tack, and peel strength of ENR 25-based pressure-sensitive adhesives. J Appl Polym Sci 106: 333-337.
57. Khan I, Poh BT (2010) Effect of silica on viscosity, tack, and shear strength of epoxidized natural rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives in the presence of coumarone-indene resin. J Appl Polym Sci 118: 3439-3444.
58. Poh BT, Lee KS (1994) FTIR study of thermal oxidation of ENR. Eur Polym J 30: 17-23.
59. Poh BT, Lee PG, Chuah SC (2008) Adhesion property of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)-based adhesives containing calcium carbonate. Express Polym Lett 2: 398-403.
60. Poh BT, Yong AT (2010) Effect of molecular weight of epoxidized-natural rubber on viscosity and tack of pressure-sensitive adhesives. J Appl Polym Sci 115: 1120-1124.
61. Shinn-Gwo H, Chau-Kai C, Cheng-Chia C, Chi-Wah K, Ying-Pin H (2005) The curing behavior and adhesion strength of the epoxidized natural rubber modified epoxy/dicyandiamide system. J Polym Res 12: 295-303.
62. Poh BT, Wong KW (1998) Effect of blend ratio on Mooney scorch time of rubber blends. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 1301-1305.
63. Poh BT, Kasmuri MB (1999) Effect of stearic acid concentration on the reversion behavior of epoxidized natural rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 1165-1169.
64. Khan I, Poh BT (2011) Effect of molecular weight and testing rate on peel and shear strength of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 50)-based adhesives. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 2641-2647.
65. Merriam JC (1959) Adhesive bonding. Mater Sci Eng 50: 113-128.
66. Eng AH, Ong EL (2000) Hevea natural rubber. In: Plastics engineering: handbook of elastomers, vol 61. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 29-59.
67. Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions, 3rd edn, ASTM: 630 (1976).
68. Gierenz G, Karmann W (2001) Adhesives and adhesive tapes. Wiley-VCH, New York.
69. Hamed GR (1981) Tack and green strength of elastomeric materials. Rubber Chem Technol 54: 576-595.
70. Bates R (1976) Studies in the nature of adhesive tack. J Appl Polym Sci 20: 2941-2954.
71. ASTM D 3121-94 (1995) Standard test method for tack of pressure-sensitive adhesives byrolling ball. In: Annual book of ASTM standards, vol 15. 06. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.
72. PSTC-6 (2000) Tack rolling ball. In: Test methods for pressure sensitive adhesive tapes, 13th edn. Pressure Sensitive Tape Council, Northbrook.
73. PSTC-5 (2000) Quick stick of pressure sensitive tapes. In: Test methods for pressure sensitive adhesive tapes, 13th edn. Pressure Sensitive Tape Council, Northbrook.
74. ASTM D2979-88 (1995) Standard test method for pressure-sensitive tack of adhesives using an inverted probe machine. In: Annual book of ASTM standards, vol 15. 06. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.
75. Chang FSC (1957) Tack of pressure-sensitive tape. Rubber Chem Technol 30: 847-853.
76. Dow J (1954) Manufacture of adhesive tapes. Proc Inst Rubber Ind 1: 105-115.
77. Test methods for pressure-sensitive adhesives, 6th edn. Pressure Sensitive Tape Council.
78. Toyama M, Ito T (1973) Pressure-sensitive adhesives. Polym Plast Technol 2: 161-229.
79. Voit A, Geffken CF (1951) The nature of tack. Ind Eng Chem 43: 1614-1624.
80. Bauer RF (1972) Investigation into the mechanism of tack of rubbers. J Polym Sci Pol Phys 10: 541-548.
81. Pressure sensitive tack of adhesives using an inverted probe machine, ASTM D2979-71.
82. Forbes WG, McLeod LA (1958) Dependence of tack strength on molecular properties. Trans Inst Rubber Ind 35: 154-174.
83. Hammond FH Jr (1963) Polyken probe tack tester, ASTM Spec. Pub. 360.
84. Kambe H, Kamagata K (1969) A method of measuring tackiness. J Appl Polym Sci 13: 493-504.
85. Wetzel F (1957) Characterization of pressure-sensitive adhesive. ASTM Bull 221: 64-68.
86. Crosby AJ, Shull KR (1999) Debonding mechanisms of PSAs. Adhes Age 42: 28-33.
87. Aymonier A, Leclercq D, Tordjeman P, Papon E, Villenave J-J (2003) Control of structure and tack properties of acrylic PSAs designed by a polymerization process. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2749-2756.
88. Aymonier A, Papon E, Villenave J-J, Tordjeman P, Pirri R, Gerard P (2001) Design of PSAs by free-radical emulsion copolymerization of MMA and 2-EHA. 1. Kinetic study and tack properties. Chem Mater 13: 2562-2566.
89. Marcais A, Papon E, Villenave J-J (2000) Tack properties of methyl methacrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate emulsion copolymers: influence of the polymerization process. Macromol Symp 151: 497-502.
90. Ben-Zion O, Nussinovitch A (2002) Testing the rolling tack of pressure-sensitive adhesive materials. Part I. Novel method and apparatus. J Adhes Sci Technol 16: 227-237.
91. Ben-Zion O, Nussinovitch A (2002) Testing the rolling tack of pressure-sensitive adhesive materials. Part II. Effect of adhered surface roughness. J Adhes Sci Technol 16: 597-617.
92. Test methods for pressure-sensitive adhesives, 6th edn. Pressure-Sensitive Tape Council.
93. Benedek I, Heymans LJ (1997) Pressure-sensitive adhesives technology. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
94. Johnston J (2000) Testing: general and specific. In: Pressure sensitive adhesive tapes: a guide to their function, design, manufacture, and use. Pressure Sensitive Tape Council, Northbrook, pp 151-176.
95. Hammond FH (1989) Tack. In: Satas I (ed) Handbook of adhesives. van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp 38-61.
96. Muny RP, Miller JA (1994) A new method for measuring pressure sensitive tack. Eur Adhes Sealants 2: 7-10.
97. Wetzel F (1957) Function of resin derivatives in pressure sensitive adhesives. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Paints, Plastics Ink Chem., Papers Presented at the Miami Meeting No. 1225-232.
98. Beatty JR (1969) Tel-Tak: a mechanical method for estimating both tackiness and stickiness of rubber compounds. Rubber Chem Technol 42: 1040-1053.
99. Brunt N (1958) An experimental investigation into some problems connected with tackiness and adhesion. Rheol Acta 1: 242-277.
100. Poh BT, Giam YF, Aw Yeong FP (2010) Tack and shear strength of adhesives prepared from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) using gum rosin and petro resin as tackifiers. J Adhes 86: 846-858.
101. Khan I, Poh BT, Badriah CM (2011) Effect of sodium sulfate on the viscosity, tack, and adhesion properties of SMR 10-based pressure-sensitive adhesive. J Elastom Plast 43: 85-95.
102. Poh BT, Ong LN (2007) Adhesion properties of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/Standard Malaysian Rubber (SMR L)-based adhesives in the presence of phenol formaldehyde resin. Express Polym Lett 1: 654-659.
103. Poh BT, Lim AL (2008) Adhesion properties of pressure-sensitive adhesives prepared from SMR 10/ENR 25, SMR 10/ENR 50, and ENR 25/ENR 50 blends. J Appl Polym Sci 109: 115-119.
104. David MO, Nipithakul T, Nardin M, Schultz J, Suchiva K (2000) Influence of non- rubber constituents on tack of natural rubber. I. At very short times of contact (pendulum test). J Appl Polym Sci 78: 1486-1494.
105. Pattanakul W, Magaraphan R, Grady BP (2001) Compounding of poly(dimethyl siloxane) to reduce tack in natural rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 519-526.
106. Smitthipong W, Nardin M, Schultz J (2008) Effect of bulk and surface properties on adhesion of rubbers. Nat Sci 42: 318-324.
107. Fujita M, Kajiyama M, Takemura A, Ono H, Mizumach H, Hayashi S (1998) Effects of miscibility on probe tack of natural-rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives. J Appl Polym Sci 70: 771-776.
108. Poh BT, Chee CL (2007) Effect of coumarone-indene resin on adhesion property of SMR 20-based pressure-sensitive adhesives. Int J Polym Mater 56: 247-255.
109. Poh BT, Heng SS (2008) Effect of blend ratio on adhesion properties of pressure-sensitive adhesives prepared from SBR/SMR L blends. Polym Plast Technol 47: 325-329.
110. Bhowmick AK, De PP, Bhattacharyya AK (1987) Adhesive tack and green strength of EPDM rubber. Polym Eng Sci 27: 1195-1202.
111. Movahed SO, Ansarifar A, Song M (2009) Effect of silanized silica nanofiller on tack and green strength of selected filled rubbers. Polym Int 58: 424-429.
112. Nakajima N, Babrowicz R, Harrell ER (1992) Rheology, composition, and peel-mechanism of block copolymer-tackifier-based pressure sensitive adhesives. J Appl Polym Sci 44: 1437-1456.
113. Smitthipong W, Nardin M, Schultz J, Nipithakul T, Suchiva K (2004) Study of tack properties of uncrosslinked natural rubber. J Adhes Sci Techol 18: 1449-1463.
114. Pond TJ (1992) Some factors affecting the peel strength of natural-rubber -glass-fabric bonds. Constr Build Mater 6: 34-36.
115. Satas D (1982) Peel. In: Handbook of pressure-sensitive adhesive technology. van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp 54-56.
116. Poh BT, Yong AT (2009) Effect of molecular weight of rubber on tack and peel strength of SMR L-based pressure-sensitive adhesives using gum rosin and petroresin as tackifiers. J Macromol Sci Chem 46: 97-103.
117. Poh BT, Issam AM (2009) Dependence of adhesion properties of SMR L based adhesive on molecular weight of rubber. Plast Rubber Compos 38: 453-456.
118. Crocker GJ (1969) Elastomers and their adhesion. Rubber Chem Technol 42: 30-69.
119. Dahlquist CA (1954) Tack. In: Adhesion: fundamental and practice. Ministry of Technology, Maclaren, London, p 143.
120. Dann JR (1970) Forces involved in the adhesive process. I. Critical surface tensions of polymeric solids as determined with polar liquids. J Colloid Interf Sci 32: 302-331.
121. Huntsberger JR (1964) Wetting and adhesion. Chem Eng News 42: 82-87.
122. Kraus G, Rollmann KW (1977) The entanglement plateau in the dynamic modulus of rubbery styrene-diene block copolymers. Significance to pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations. J Appl Polym Sci 21: 3311-3318.
123. Toyama M, Ito T, Nukatsuka H, Tikeda M (1973) Studies on tack of pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes: on the relationship between pressure-sensitive adhesion and surface energy of adherends. J Appl Polym Sci 17: 3495-3502.
124. Zisman WA (1964) Contact angle. In: Wettability and adhesion. ACS Advances in Chemistry Series 1.
125. Gardon JL (1962) Relationship between cohesive energy densities of polymers and Zisman's critical surface tensions. J Phys Chem 67: 1935-1936.
126. Sharpe LH, Schonhorn H (1964) Surface energetics, adhesion, and adhesive joints. Adv Chem Ser 43: 189-201.
127. Sharpe LH, Schonhorn H (1964) Surface energetics, adhesion and adhesive joints. In: Gould RF (ed) Contact angle, wettability, and adhesion, Ch. 12. Am Chem Soc, Washington, p 189.
128. Kamagata K, Kosaka H, Hina K, Toyama M (1971) On the internal structure of pressure-sensitive adhesives. J Appl Polym Sci 15: 483-500.
129. Fujita M (1998) PhD thesis, University of Tokyo, Tokyo.
130. Kim H-J (1995) PhD Thesis, University of Tokyo, Tokyo.
131. Naruse S, Kim H-J, Tsukatani T, Kajiyama M, Takemura A, Mizumachi H (1994) Miscibility and PSA performance of acrylic copolymer and tackifier resin systems. J Adhes 47: 165-177.
132. ASTM D 3300 (2003) Standard test method for peel adhesion for pressure-sensitive tape. In: Annual book of ASTM standards, vol 15. 09. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.
133. ] PSTC-101 (2000) International standard for peel adhesion of pressure sensitive tape. In: Test methods for pressure sensitive adhesive tapes, 13th edn. Pressure Sensitive Tape Council, Northbrook, pp 23-31.
134. ASTM D6252 (2003) Standard test method for peel adhesion for pressure-sensitive label stocks at a 908 angle. In: Annual book of ASTM standards, vol 15. 09. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.
135. PSTC-101 (2000) International standard for peel adhesion of pressure sensitive tape. Test method F. Single coated tapes at 908 angle. In: Test methods for pressure sensitive adhesive tapes, 13th edn. Pressure Sensitive Tape Council, Northbrook, p 28.
136. PSTC-14 (2000) Adhesion of pressure sensitive tapes to fiberboard at 908 angle and constant stress. In: Test methods for pressure sensitive adhesive tapes, 13th edn. Pressure Sensitive Tape Council, Northbrook, pp 53-59.
137. Muny RP (1996) Getting the right results: a review of PSA testing methods. Adhes Age 39: 20-24.
138. Krenceski MA, Johnson JF, Temin SC (1986) Chemical and physical factors affecting performance of pressure-sensitive adhesives. Polym Rev 26: 143-182.
139. Satas I (1989) Peel. In: Satas I (ed) Handbook of pressure sensitive adhesive technology. van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp 61-97.
140. Diefenbach WT (1962) Method and equipment for measurement of adhesion, of low-adhesion pressure-sensitive tape. TAPPI 45: 840-842.
141. Salkauskas M, Paulavicius R (1976) Measurement of the adhesion of metallic coatings to plastics. Zavodskaya Laboratoriya 8: 879-880.
142. Gardon JL (1963) Peel adhesion. I. Some phenomenological aspects of the test. J Appl Polym Sci 7: 625-641.
143. Johnston J (1968) Peel adhesion testing of pressure sensitive tapes. Adhes Age 11: 20-26.
144. Chan HK, Howard GJ (1978) Structure-property relationships in acrylic adhesives. J Adhes 9: 279-304.
145. Gardon JL (1963) Peel adhesion. II. A theoretical analysis. J Appl Polym Sci 7: 643-645.
146. Fukuzawa K (1969) Studies on rheology of pressure sensitive adhesion tapes. J Adhes Soc Jpn 5: 294-301.
147. Ebnesajjad S (2009) Introduction and adhesion theories. In: Adhesives technology handbook, 2nd edn. William Andrew Publishing, Norwich, Chap. 1, pp 14-16.
148. Kaelble DH (1969) Peel adhesion. Influence of surface energies and adhesive rheology. J Adhes 1: 102-123.
149. Gent AN, Petrich RP (1969) Adhesion of viscoelastic materials to rigid substrates. Proc R Soc Lond Ser A Math Phys Sci 310: 433-448.
150. Khan I, Poh BT (2010) The effect of silica on the peel adhesion of epoxidized natural rubber-based adhesive containing coumarone-indene resin. Polym Plast Technol 49: 1356-1360.
151. Poh BT, Chang YY (2006) Viscosity and peel strength of SMR 10-based pressure-sensitive adhesives. Polym Plast Technol 45: 1251-1256.
152. Issam AM, Poh BT, Abdul Khalil HPS, Lee WC (2009) Adhesion properties of adhesive prepared from waste polystyrene. J Polym Environ 17: 165-169.
153. Poh BT, Kwo HK (2007) Peel and shear strength of pressure-sensitive adhesives prepared from epoxidized natural rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 105: 680-684.
154. Lee LH (ed) (1991) Adhesive bonding. Plenum Press, New York, p 19.
155. Basak GC, Bandyopadhyay A, Bhowmick AK (2010) Effect of tackifier compatibility and blend viscoelasticity on peel strength behavior of vulcanized EPDM rubber co-cured with unvulcanized rubber. Int J Adhes Adhes 30: 489-499.
156. Kim D-J, Kim H-J, Yoon G-H (2005) Effect of substrate and tackifier on peel strength of SIS (styrene-isoprene-styrene)-based HMPSAs. Int J Adhes Adhes 25: 288-295.
157. Akiyama S, Kobori Y, Sugisaki A, Koyama T, Akiba I (2000) Phase behavior and pressure sensitive adhesive properties in blends of poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) with tackifier resin. Polymer 41: 4021-4027.
158. Menon ARR, Pillai CKS, Nando GB (1995) Self-adhesion of natural rubber modified with phosphorylated cashew nut shell liquid. J Adhes Sci Technol 9: 443-451.
159. Hamed GR, Preechatiwong W (2001) Peel adhesion of natural rubber bonded to polyethylene terephthalate: effect of crosslinking on rate/temperature response. J Adhes 75: 45-60.
160. Basak GC, Bandyopadhyay A, Bharadwaj YK, Sabharwal S, Bhowmick AK (2010) Characterization of EPDM vulcanizates modified with gamma irradiation and trichloroisocyanuric acid and their adhesion behavior with natural rubber. J Adhes 86: 306-334.
161. Basak GC, Bandyopadhyay A, Bharadwaj YK, Sabharwal S, Bhowmick AK (2009) Adhesion of vulcanized rubber surfaces: characterization of unmodified and electron beam modified EPDM surfaces and their co-vulcanization with natural rubber. J Adhes Sci Technol 23: 1763-1786.
162. Magida MM, Gad YH, El-Nahas HH (2009) The use of compatible blend of styrene-vinylacetate copolymer/natural rubber latex in pressure-sensitive adhesive applications by using irradiation and chemical initiation. J Appl Polym Sci 114: 157-165.
163. Halim SF, Abou-Kandil AI, Awad A, Darwish N (2009) In situ grafting of maleic anhydride onto natural rubber to improve its adhesion to polyester fabric: mechanical and spectroscopic analyses. J Adhes Sci Technol 23: 71-83.
164. Yamsaengsung W, Sombatsompop N (2008) Foam characteristics, peel strength, and thermal conductivity for wood/NR and expanded EPDM laminates for roofing applications. J Macromol Sci Phys 47: 967-985.
165. Choudhury NR, Roy N, Bhowmick AK (1990) Studies on adhesion between natural rubber and polyethylene and the role of adhesion promoters. J Adhes 32: 1-14.
166. Khan I, Poh BT (2011) Effect of molecular weight and testing rate on adhesion property of pressure-sensitive adhesives prepared from epoxidized natural rubber. Mater Des 32: 2513-2519.
167. McLaren AD, Seiler CJ (1949) Adhesion. III. Adhesion of polymers to cellulose and alumina. J Polym Sci Pol Chem 4: 63-74.
168. An L, He D, Jing J, Wang Z, Yu D, Jiang B (1997) Effects of molecular weight and interaction parameter on the glass transition temperature of polystyrene mixtures and its Blends with polystyrene/poly (2, 6-dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide). Eur Polym J 33: 1523-1528.
169. Kaelble DH (1964) Theory and analysis of peel adhesion: rate-temperature dependence of viscoelastic interlayers. J Colloid Sci 19: 413-424.
170. Poh BT, Khok GK (2000) Tensile property of epoxidized natural rubber/natural rubber blends. Polym Plast Technol 39: 151-161.
171. Davies CKL, Wolfe SV, Gelling IR, Thomas AG (1983) Strain crystallization in random copolymers produced by epoxidation of cis 1, 4- polyisoprene. Polymer 24: 07-113.
172. Skeist I (1990) Handbook of adhesives, 3rd edn. van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
173. Huntsberger JR (1963) Adhesion. II. Relationships between viscoelasticity, interfacial equilibrium, and the temperature dependence of adhesion. J Polym Sci Pol Chem 1: 2241-2250.
174. ASTM D3654 (2003) Standard test methods for shear adhesion of pressure-sensitive tapes. In: Annual book of ASTM standards, vol 15. 09. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.
175. PSTC-107 (2000) International standard for shear adhesion of pressure sensitive tape. In: Test methods for pressure sensitive adhesive tapes, 13th edn. Pressure Sensitive Tape Council, Northbrook.
176. Poh BT, Yee KW, Lim HB (2008) Viscosity and shear strength of natural-rubber-based adhesives in the presence of gum rosin and petro resin. J Appl Polym Sci 110: 4079-4083.
177. Poh BT, Kwo HK (2007) Shear strength of SMR-based pressure-sensitive adhesives. Polym Plast Technol 46: 1021-1024.
178. Kar KK, Sharma SD, Kumar P (2007) Effect of rubber hardness on the properties of fiber reinforced plastic composites made by the newly proposed rubber pressure molding technique. Polym Compos 28: 618-630.
179. Hong S-G, Chan C-K (2004) The curing behaviors of the epoxy/dicyanamide system modified with epoxidized natural rubber. Thermochim Acta 417: 99-106.