Assessing the 'Gold Standard' of party policy placements: Is computerized replication possible?

Electoral Studies

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 561-570

  Pennings, Paul ^a  

^a VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Computerised coding; Election manifestos; Left right placement; Party policy positions

Indexed keywords

DEMOCRACY; ELECTION; PARTY POLITICS; POLICY APPROACH;

EID: 80052021981     PISSN: 02613794     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.electstud.2011.05.001     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Alexa M., Zuell C. Text analysis software: commonalities, differences and limitations: the results of a Review. Quality and Quantity 2000, 34(3):299-321.
2. Bara J. Using manifesto estimates to validate computerized analyses. Mapping Policy Preferences: Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments 1945-1998 2001, 143-156. Oxford University Press, New York. I. Budge, H.-D. Klingemann, A. Volkens, J. Bara, E. Tanenbaum, R.C. Fording, D.J. Hearl, H.M. Kim, M. McDonald, S.M. Mendes (Eds.).
3. Benoit K., Laver M. Estimating party policy positions: comparing expert surveys and hand-coded content analysis. Electoral Studies 2007, 26(1):90-107.
4. Benoit K., Laver M., Mikhaylov S. Treating words as data with error: uncertainty in text statements of policy positions. American Journal of Political Science 2009, 53(2):495-513.
5. Budge I., Pennings P. Do they work? Validating a computerized word-frequency approach to textual analysis with hand-coded time series. Electoral Studies 2007, 26(1):121-129.
6. Budge I. Expert judgements of party policy positions: uses and limitations in political research. European Journal of Political Research 2000, 37:103-113.
7. Budge I. Validating party policy placements. British Journal of Political Science 2001, 31:210-223.
8. Budge I., Klingemann H.-D., Volkens A., Bara J., Tanenbaum E., Fording R.C., Hearl D.J., Kim H.M., McDonald M., Mendes S.M. Mapping Policy Preferences: Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments 1945-1998 2001, Oxford University Press, New York.
9. Budge I. Identifying dimensions and locating parties: methodological and conceptual problems. Handbook of Political Parties 2006, 422-434. Sage, London. R.S. Katz, W. Crotty (Eds.).
10. Budge I., Farlie D. Explaining and Predicting Elections: Issue Effects and Party Strategies in Twenty-three Democracies 1983, Allen & Unwin, London.
11. de Vries M., Giannetti D., Mansergh L. Estimating policy positions from the computer coding of political texts: results from Italy, the Netherlands and Ireland. Estimating the Policy Positions of Political Actors 2001, 193-216. Routledge, London and New York. M. Laver (Ed.).
12. Gabel M., Huber J.D. Putting parties in their place: inferring party left/right ideological positions from party manifestos data. American Journal of Political Science 2000, 44(1):94-103.
13. Garry J. The computer codings of political texts: results from Britain, Germany, Ireland and Norway. Estimating the Policy Positions of Political Actors 2001, 183-192. Routledge, London and New York. M. Laver (Ed.).
14. Hearl D.J. Checking the party policy estimates: reliability. Mapping Policy Preferences: Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments 1945-1998 2001, 111-125. Oxford University Press, New York. I. Budge, H.-D. Klingemann, A. Volkens, J. Bara, E. Tanenbaum, R.C. Fording, D.J. Hearl, H.M. Kim, M. McDonald, S.M. Mendes (Eds.).
15. Huber J., Inglehart R. Expert interpretations of party space and party locations in 42 societies. Party Politics 1995, 1(1):73-111.
16. Janda K., Harmel R., Edens C., Goff P. Changes in party identity: evidence from party manifestos. Party Politics 1995, 1:171-196.
17. Kim H.M., Fording R. Voter ideology in western democracies: 1946-1989. European Journal of Political Research 1998, 33(1):73-97.
18. Kleinnijenhuis J., Pennings P. Measurement of party positions on the basis of party programmes, media coverage and voter perceptions. Estimating the Policy Position of Political Actors 2001, 162-182. Routledge, London and New York. M. Laver (Ed.).
19. Klingemann H.-D., Volkens A., Bara J., Budge I., McDonald M. Mapping Policy Preferences II: Estimates for Parties, Electors and Governments in Central and Eastern Europe, European Union and OECD 1990-2003 2006, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
20. Laver M., Garry J. Estimating policy positions from political texts. American Journal of Political Science 2000, 44(3):619-634.
21. Laver M., Benoit K., Garry J. Estimating the policy positions of political actors using words as data. American Political Science Review 2003, 97(2):311-331.
22. Laver M. Position and salience in the policies of political actors. Estimating Policy Positions of Political Actors 2001, 66-76. Routledge, London. M. Laver (Ed.).
23. Mair P. Searching for positions of political actors: a review of approaches and a critical evaluation of expert surveys. Estimating Policy Positions of Political Actors 2001, 10-30. Routledge, London. M. Laver (Ed.).
24. Special Symposium: Comparing Measures of Party Positioning: Expert, Manifesto, and Survey Data, Special Issue Electoral Studies 2007, 26. G. Marks (Ed.).
25. McDonald M.D., Mendes S.M., Kim M. Cross-temporal and cross-national comparisons of party left-right positions. Electoral Studies 2007, 26(1):62-75.
26. McDonald M.D., Mendes S.M. Checking the party policy estimates: convergent validity. Mapping Policy Preferences: Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments, 1945-1998 2001, 127-141. Oxford University Press, Oxford. I. Budge, H. Klingemann, A. Volkens, J. Bara (Eds.).
27. McDonald M.D., Mendes S.M. The policy space of party manifestos. Estimating Policy Positions of Political Actors 2001, 90-116. Routledge, London. M. Laver (Ed.).
28. Neuendorf K.A. The Content Analysis Guidebook 2002, Sage, London.
29. Pennings P., Keman H. Towards a new methodology of estimating party policy positions. Quality and Quantity 2002, 36:55-79.
30. Ray L. A natural sentence approach to the computer coding of party manifestos. Estimating the Policy Positions of Political Actors 2001, 149-161. Routledge, London and New York. M. Laver (Ed.).
31. Slapin J.B., Proksch S. A scaling model for estimating time-series party positions from texts. American Journal of Political Science 2008, 52(3):705-722.
32. Werner A., Volkens A. Manifestos Coding Instructions 2009, 3. Full revised edition, first draft. http://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/.