Novel insights into the mechanisms of pregnancy establishment: Regulation of prostaglandin synthesis and signaling in the pig

Reproduction

Volumn 142, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 389-399

  Waclawik, Agnieszka ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND FOOD RESEARCH   (Poland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DELTA INTERFERON; GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 1L1B; INTERLEUKIN 6; PROGESTERONE; PROSTAGLANDIN; PROSTAGLANDIN E2; PROSTAGLANDIN F2 ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

CORPUS LUTEUM; ENDOMETRIUM; NONHUMAN; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; SWINE; UPREGULATION;

ANIMALS; EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; ENZYMES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY, ANIMAL; PROSTAGLANDINS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SWINE;

ANIMALIA; SUIDAE; SUS;

EID: 80052001019     PISSN: 14701626     EISSN: 17417899     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1530/REP-11-0033     Document Type: Review

References (101)

1. Achache H., Tsafrir A., Prus D., Reich R & Revel A. 2010 Defective endometrial prostaglandin synthesis identified in patients with repeated implantation failure undergoing in vitro fertilization. Fertility and Sterility 94 1271-1278. (doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.1668)
2. 2 on luteal function in cycling gilts. Prostaglandins 32 291-299. (doi:10.1016/0090-6980(86)90132-2)
3. Ashworth M.D., Ross J.W., Hu J., White F.J., Stein D.R., Desilva U., Johnson G.A., Spencer TE & Geisert R.D. 2006 Expression of porcine endometrial prostaglandin synthase during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy, and following endocrine disruption of pregnancy. Biology of Reproduction 74 1007-1015. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod.105.046557)
4. Asselin E & Fortier M.A. 2000 Detection and regulation of the messenger for a putative bovine endometrial 9-keto-prostaglandin E(2) reductase effect of oxytocin and interferon-tau. Biology of Reproduction 62 125-131. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod62.1.125)
5. Auletta FJ & Flint A.P. 1988 Mechanisms controlling corpus luteum function in sheep, cows, nonhuman primates, and women especially in relation to the time of luteolysis. Endocrine Reviews 9 88-105. (doi:10.1210/edrv-9-1-88)
6. Banerjee P., Sapru K., Strakova Z & Fazleabas A.T. 2009 Chorionic gonadotropin regulates prostaglandin E synthase via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-extracellular regulatory kinase pathway in a human endometrial epithelial cell line: Implications for endometrial responses for embryo implantation. Endocrinology 150 4326-4337. (doi:10.1210/en.2009-0394)
7. 2α by the uterine endometrium. Prostaglandins 14 397-400. (doi:10.1016/0090-6980(77)90185-X)
8. Bazer FW,Wu G, Spencer TE, Johnson GA, Burghardt RC & Bayless K 2010 Novel pathways for implantation and establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in mammals. Molecular Human Reproduction 16 135-152. (doi:10.1093/molehr/gap095)
9. Blitek A., Kaczmarek M.M., Kiewisz J & Ziecik A.J. 2010a Endometrial and conceptus expression of HoxA10, transforming growth factor beta1, leukemia inhibitory factor, and prostaglandin H synthase-2 in early pregnant pigs with gonadotropin-induced estrus. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 38 222-234. (doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2009.11.001)
10. Blitek A., Kiewisz J., Waclawik A., Kaczmarek MM & Ziecik A.J. 2010b Effect of steroids on HOXA10 mRNA and protein expression and prostaglandin production in the porcine endometrium. Journal of Reproduction and Development 56 643-648. (doi:10.1262/jrd.10-046K)
11. 2α via adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C. Journal of Endocrinology 164 179-186. (doi:10.1677/joe.0.1640179)
12. Bowen J.A., Bazer FW & Burghardt R.C. 1996 Spatial and temporal analyses of integrin and Muc-1 expression in porcine uterine epithelium and trophectoderm in vivo. Biology of Reproduction 55 1098-1106. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod55.5.1098)
13. Burghardt R.C., Johnson G.A., Jaeger L.A., Ka H., Garlow J.E., Spencer TE &Bazer F.W. 2002 Integrins and extracellular matrix proteins at the maternal - fetal interface in domestic animals. Cells, Tissues, Organs 172 202-217. (doi:10.1159/000066969)
14. Cammas L., Reinaud P., Bordas N., Dubois O., Germain G & Charpigny G. 2006 Developmental regulation of prostacyclin synthase and prostacyclin receptors in the ovine uterus and conceptus during the peri-implantation period. Reproduction 131 917-927. (doi:10.1530/rep.1.00799)
15. 2. Prostaglandins 47 61-75. (doi:10.1016/0090-6980(94)90075-2)
16. Cong J., Diao H.L., Zhao Y.C., Ni H., Yan YQ & Yang Z.M. 2006 Differential expression and regulation of cylooxygenases, prostaglandin E synthases and prostacyclin synthase in rat uterus during the peri-implantation period. Reproduction 131 139-151. (doi:10.1530/rep.1.00861)
17. Conley AJ & Ford S.P. 1989 Direct luteotrophic effect of oestradiol-17β on pig corpora lutea. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 87 125-131. (doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0870125)
18. Croy B.A., Wessels J.M., Linton N.F., Van den Heuvel M., Edwards AK &Tayade C. 2009 Cellular and molecular events in early and mid gestation porcine implantation sites: A review. In Control of Pig Reproduction VIII, pp 233-244. Eds H Rodriguez-Martinez, JL Vallet& AJ Ziecik. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.
19. Dorniak P., Bazer FW & Spencer T.E. 2011 Prostaglandins regulate conceptus elongation and mediate effects of interferon tau on the ovine uterine endometrium. Biology of Reproduction 84 1119-1127. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod.110. 089979)
20. Engelhardt H., Croy BA & King G.J. 2002 Evaluation of natural killer cell recruitment to embryonic attachment sites during early porcine pregnancy. Biology of Reproduction 66 1185-1192. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod66.4.1185)
21. Erdem H & Guzeloglu A. 2010 Effect of meloxicam treatment during early pregnancy in Holstein heifers. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 45 625-628. (doi:10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01317.x)
22. Erikson D.W., Burghardt R.C., Bayless KJ & Johnson G.A. 2009 Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1, osteopontin) binds to integrin alpha v beta 6 on porcine trophectoderm cells and integrin alpha v beta 3 on uterine luminal epithelial cells, and promotes trophectoderm cell adhesion and migration. Biology of Reproduction 81 814-825. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod.109.078600)
23. Ferrell A.D., Malayer J.R., Carraway KL & Geisert R.D. 2003 Sialomucin complex (Muc4) expression in porcine endometrium during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 38 63-65. (doi:10.1046/j.1439-0531.2003.00405.x)
24. 2. Prostaglandins 28 119-126. (doi:10.1016/0090-6980(84)90119-9)
25. Flood P.F. 1974 Steroid-metabolizing enzymes in the early pig conceptus and in the related endometrium. Journal of Endocrinology 63 413-414. (doi:10.1677/joe.0.0630413)
26. Ford S.P., Magness R.R., Farley DB & Van Orden D.E. 1982 Local and systemic effects of intrauterine estradiol-17 beta on luteal function of nonpregnant sows. Journal of Animal Science 55 657-664.
27. 2α receptor concentrations in corpora lutea of cycling, pregnant, and pseudopregnant pigs. Biology of Reproduction 49 604-608. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod49.3.604)
28. Garverick H.A., Polge C & Flint A.P. 1982 Oestradiol administration raises luteal LH receptor levels in intact and hysterectomized pigs. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 66 371-377. (doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0660371)
29. Geisert R.D., Rasby R.J., Minton JE & Wetteman R.P. 1986 Role of prostaglandins in development of porcine blastocysts. Prostaglandins 31 191-204. (doi:10.1016/0090-6980(86)90046-8)
30. Geisert R.D., Zavy M.T., Moffatt R.J., Blair RM & Yellin T. 1990 Embryonic steroids and the establishment of pregnancy in pigs. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement 40 293-305.
31. Geisert R.D., Brenner R.M., Moffatt J., Harney J.P., Yellin T & Bazer F.W. 1993 Changes in oestrogen receptor protein, mRNA expression and localization in the endometrium of cyclic and pregnant gilts. Reproduction, Fertility, and Development 5 247-260. (doi:10.1071/RD9930247)
32. Geisert R.D., Ross J.W., Ahworth M.D., White F.J., Johnson GA & DeSilva U. 2006 Maternal recognition of pregnancy signal or endocrine disruptor: The two faces of oestrogen during establishment of pregnancy in the pig. In Control of Pig Reproduction VII, pp 131-145. Eds CJ Ashworth& RR Kraeling. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.
33. Giguère A., Girard C.L., Lambert R., Laforest JP &Matte J.J. 2000 Reproductive performance and uterine prostaglandin secretion in gilts conditioned with dead semen and receiving dietary supplements of folic acid. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 80 467-472. (doi:10.4141/A99-107)
34. 2α throughout the estrus cycle. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators 57 231-241. (doi:10.1016/S0090-6980(99)00009-X)
35. 2 on the human corpus luteum of the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 66 909-914. (doi:10.1210/jcem-66-5-909)
36. 2 to rats sensitized for the decidual cell reaction. Biology of Reproduction 50 757-764. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod50.4.757)
37. Harris T.E., Squires P.E., Michael A.E., Bernal AL & Abayasekara D.R. 2001 Human granulosa-lutein cells express functional EP1 and EP2 prostaglandin receptors. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 285 1089-1094. (doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5301)
38. Hess A.P., Hamilton A.E., Talbi S., Dosiou C., Nyegaard M., Nayak N., Genbecev-Krtolica O., Mavrogianis P., Ferrer K., Kruessel J. et al. 2007 Decidual stromal cell response to paracrine signals from the trophoblast: Amplification of immune and angiogenic modulators. Biology of Reproduction 76 102-117. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod.106.054791)
39. Hunt J.S., Chen HL & Miller L. 1996 Tumor necrosis factors: Pivotal components of pregnancy? Biology of Reproduction 54 554-562. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod54.3.554)
40. 2α in anaesthetized pigs during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development 22 1013-1023. (doi:10.1051/rnd:19820712)
41. Jabbour H.N., Milne S.A., Williams A.R., Anderson RA & Boddy S.C. 2001 Expression of COX-2 and PGE synthase and synthesis of PGE(2) in endometrial adenocarcinoma: A possible autocrine/paracrine regulation of neoplastic cell function via EP2/EP4 receptors. British Journal of Cancer 85 1023-1031. (doi:10.1054/bjoc.2001.2033)
42. Jabbour H.N., Sales K.J., Catalano RD & Norman J.E. 2009 Inflammatory pathways in female reproductive health and disease. Reproduction 138 903-919. (doi:10.1530/REP-09-0247)
43. Jaeger L.A., Spiegel A.K., Ing N.H., Johnson G.A., Bazer FW & Burghardt R.C. 2005 Functional effects of transforming growth factor beta on adhesive properties of porcine trophectoderm. Endocrinology 146 3933-3942. (doi:10.1210/en.2005-0090)
44. 2α during luteal regression and early pregnancy in sheep. Reproduction, Fertility, and Development 4 321-328. (doi:10.1071/RD9920321)
45. Johnson G.A., Bazer F.W., Burghardt R.C., Spencer T.E., Wu G & Bayless K.J. 2009 Conceptus - uterus interactions in pigs: Endometrial gene expression in response to estrogens and interferons from conceptuses. In Control of Pig Reproduction VIII, pp 321-332. Eds H Rodriguez-Martinez, JL Vallet& AJ Ziecik. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.
46. Joyce M.M., Burghardt R.C., Geisert R.D., Burghardt J.R., Hooper R.N., Ross J.W., Ashworth MD & Johnson G.A. 2007 Pig conceptuses secrete estrogen and interferons to differentially regulate uterine STAT1 in a temporal and cell type-specific manner. Endocrinology 148 4420-4431. (doi:10.1210/en.2007-0505)
47. Joyce M.M., Burghardt J.R., Burghardt R.C., Hooper R.N., Bazer FW &Johnson G.A. 2008 Uterine MHC class I molecules and beta 2-microglobulin are regulated by progesterone and conceptus interferons during pig pregnancy. Journal of Immunology 181 2494-2505.
48. Ka H., Al-Ramadan S., Erikson D.W., Johnson G.A., Burghardt R.C., Spencer T.E., Jaeger LA & Bazer F.W. 2007 Regulation of expression of fibroblast growth factor 7 in the pig uterus by progesterone and estradiol. Biology of Reproduction 77 172-180. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod.106.056309)
49. 2. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 291 33-41. (doi:10.1016/j.mce.2008.04.020)
50. Kaczmarek M.M., Kiewisz J., Schams D & Ziecik A.J. 2009 Expression of VEGF-receptor system in conceptus during peri-implantation period and endometrial and luteal expression of soluble VEGFR-1 in the pig. Theriogenology 71 1298-1306. (doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.12.022)
51. Kaminska K., Wasielak M., Bogacka I., Blitek M & Bogacki M. 2008 Quantitative expression of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 gene in porcine endometrium during the periimplantation period and estrous cycle. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators 85 26-32. (doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2007.10. 001)
52. Kennedy T.G., Gillio-Meina C & Phang S.H. 2007 Prostaglandins and the initiation of blastocyst implantation and decidualization. Reproduction 134 635-643. (doi:10.1530/REP-07-0328)
53. Keys J.L., King GJ & Kennedy T.G. 1986 Increased uterine vascular permeability at the time of embryonic attachment in the pig. Biology of Reproduction 34 405-411. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod34.2.405)
54. Kim J., Erikson D.W., Burghardt R.C., Spencer T.E., Wu G., Bayless K.J., Johnson GA & Bazer F.W. 2010 Secreted phosphoprotein 1 binds integrins to initiate multiple cell signaling pathways, including FRAP1/mTOR, to support attachment and force-generated migration of trophectoderm cells. Matrix Biology 29 369-382. (doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2010.04.001)
55. 2α secretion and the course of luteolysis in sows. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 4 249-262.
56. 2 and tumor necrosis factor α on the VEGF-receptor system expression in cultured porcine luteal cells.Molecular Reproduction and Development 75 1558-1566. (doi:10.1002/mrd.20897)
57. Kowalski A.A., Graddy L.G., Vale-Cruz D.S., Choi I., Katzenellenbogen B.S., Simmen FA & Simmen R.C. 2002 Molecular cloning of porcine estrogen receptor-beta complementary DNAs and developmental expression in periimplantation embryos. Biology of Reproduction 66 760-769. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod66.3.760)
58. Kraeling R.R., Rampacek GB & Fiorello N.A. 1985 Inhibition of pregnancy with indomethacin in mature gilts and prepuberal gilts induced to ovulate. Biology of Reproduction 32 105-110. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod32.1.105)
59. Krzymowski T & Stefanczyk-Krzymowska S. 2004 The oestrous cycle and early pregnancy - a new concept of local endocrine regulation. Veterinary Journal 168 285-296. (doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2003.10.010)
60. Laforest JP & King G.J. 1992 Structural and functional aspects of porcine endometrial capillaries on days 13 and 15 after oestrus or mating. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 94 269-277. (doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0940269)
61. Mathew D.J., Sellner E.M., Green J.C., Okamura C.S., Anderson L.L., Lucy MC &Geisert R.D. 2011 Uterine progesterone receptor expression, conceptus development, and ovarian function in pigs treated with RU 486 during early pregnancy. Biology of Reproduction 84 130-139. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod.110. 086843)
62. McCracken J.A., Custer EE & Lamsa J.C. 1999 Luteolysis: A neuroendocrine-mediated event. Physiological Reviews 79 263-323. (Pubitemid 29210923)
63. McNeer R.R., Carraway C.A., Fregien NL & Carraway K.L. 1998 Characterization of the expression and steroid hormone control of sialomucin complex in the rat uterus: Implications for uterine receptivity. Journal of Cellular Physiology 176 110-119. (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199807)176: 1〈110::AID-JCP13〉3.0.CO;2-B)
64. 2α secretion during luteolysis in swine. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 395 421-433.
65. Modrić T., Kowalski A.A., Green M.L., Simmen RC & Simmen F.A. 2000 Pregnancy-dependent expression of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), LIF receptor-beta and interleukin-6 (IL-6) messenger ribonucleic acids in the porcine female reproductive tract. Placenta 21 345-353. (doi:10.1053/plac.1999. 0493)
66. 2α as the luteolysin in swine: II. Characterization and comparison of prostaglandin F, estrogens and progestin concentrations in utero-ovarian vein plasma of nonpregnant and pregnant gilts. Prostaglandins 14 543-555. (doi:10.1016/0090-6980(77)90268-4)
67. Ni H., Sun T., Ding N.Z., Ma XH & Yang Z.M. 2002 Differential expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase at implantation sites and in decidual cells of mouse uterus. Biology of Reproduction 67 351-358. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod67.1.351)
68. Østrup E., Bauersachs S., Blum H., Wolf E & Hyttel P. 2010 Differential endometrial gene expression in pregnant and nonpregnant sows. Biology of Reproduction 83 277-285. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod.109.082321)
69. Paria B.C., Reese J., Das SK & Dey S.K. 2002 Deciphering the cross-talk of implantation: Advances and challenges. Science 296 2185-2188. (doi:10.1126/science.1071601)
70. Pope W.F., Maurer RR & Stormshak F. 1982 Intrauterine migration of the porcine embryo-interaction of embryo, uterine flushings and indomethacin on myometrial function in vitro. Journal of Animal Science 55 1169-1178.
71. Popovici R.M., Betzler N.K., Krause M.S., Luo M., Jauckus J., Germeyer A., Bloethner S., Schlotterer A., Kumar R., Strowitzki T. et al. 2006 Gene expression profiling of human endometrial - trophoblast interaction in a coculture model. Endocrinology 147 5662-5675. (doi:10.1210/en.2006-0916)
72. Ramsoondar J.J., Christopherson R.J., Guilbert L.J., Dixon W.T., Ghahary A., Ellis S., Wegmann TG & Piedrahita J.A. 1999 Lack of class I major histocompatibility antigens on trophoblast of periimplantation blastocysts and term placenta in the pig. Biology of Reproduction 60 387-397. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod60.2.387)
73. Ross J.W.,Malayer J.R., Ritchey JW& Geisert R.D. 2003 Characterization of the interleukin-1beta system during porcine trophoblastic elongation and early placental attachment. Biology of Reproduction 69 1251-1259. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod.103.015842)
74. Ross J.W., Ashworth M.D., Stein D.R., Couture O.P., Tuggle CK & Geisert R.D. 2009 Identification of differential gene expression during porcine conceptus rapid trophoblastic elongation and attachment to uterine luminal epithelium. Physiological Genomics 36 140-148. (doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics. 00022.2008)
75. Ross J.W., Ashworth M.D., Mathew D., Reagan P., Ritchey J.W., Hayashi K., Spencer T.E., Lucy M & Geisert R.D. 2010 Activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa-B, during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in the pig. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 8 39. (doi:10.1186/1477-7827-8- 39)
76. Sales K.J., Katz A.A., Davis M., Hinz S., Soeters R.P., Hofmeyr M.D., Millar RP &Jabbour H.N. 2001 Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E(2) synthesis are up-regulated in carcinomas of the cervix: A possible autocrine/paracrine regulation of neoplastic cell function via EP2/EP4 receptors. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 86 2243-2249. (doi:10.1210/jc.86.5.2243)
77. 2α-FP receptor interaction in human endometrial adenocarcinomas. Cancer Research 65 7707-7716. (doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05- 0101)
78. Sample G.L., Kubotsu S.L., Carnahan KG & Mirando M.A. 2000 Interestrous interval of cyclic gilts is decreased by systemic but not intrauterine administration of exogenous oxytocin. Journal of Animal Science 78 2393-2398.
79. 2α in cyclic gilts is decreased by intrauterine administration of exogenous oxytocin. Animal Reproduction Science 84 395-406. (doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.02.006)
80. Seo H., Kim M., Choi Y., Lee CK & Ka H. 2008 Analysis of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor and LPA-induced endometrial prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 expression in the porcine uterus. Endocrinology 149 6166-6175. (doi:10.1210/en.2008-0354)
81. 2 in early pregnant sow and its physiological consequences. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators 81 71-79. (doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2006.07.004)
82. Tayade C., Fang Y., Hilchie D & Croy B.A. 2007 Lymphocyte contributions to altered endometrial angiogenesis during early and midgestation fetal loss. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 82 877-886. (doi:10.1189/jlb.0507330)
83. Ulbrich S.E., Schulke K., Groebner A.E., Reichenbach H.D., Angioni C., Geisslinger G & Meyer H.H. 2009 Quantitative characterization of prostaglandins in the uterus of early pregnant cattle. Reproduction 138 371-382. (doi:10.1530/REP-09-0081)
84. Vallet J.L., Christenson R.K., Trout WE & Klemcke H.G. 1998 Conceptus, progesterone, and breed effects on uterine protein secretion in swine. Journal of Animal Science 76 2657-2670. (Pubitemid 128439589)
85. Waclawik A & Ziecik A.J. 2007 Differential expression of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis enzymes in conceptus during peri-implantation period and endometrial expression of carbonyl reductase/PG 9-ketoreductase in the pig. Journal of Endocrinology 194 499-510. (doi:10.1677/JOE-07-0155)
86. Waclawik A., Rivero-Muller A., Blitek A., Kaczmarek M.M., Brokken L.J., Watanabe K., Rahman NA & Ziecik A.J. 2006 Molecular cloning and spatiotemporal expression of prostaglandin F synthase and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in porcine endometrium. Endocrinology 147 210-221. (doi:10.1210/en.2005-0880)
87. Waclawik A., Kaczmarek M.M., Kowalczyk A.E., Bogacki M & Ziecik A.J. 2008a Expression of prostaglandin synthesis pathway enzymes in the porcine corpus luteum during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Theriogenology 70 145-152. (doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.03.008)
88. Waclawik A., Blitek A., Jabbour HN & Ziecik A.J. 2008b The expression and regulation of EP2 and EP4 in the pig endometrium. In Proceedings of the Society for Reproduction and Fertility 2008 Conference, Edinburgh, UK. Abstract P25, p 56.
89. 2positive feedback loop in the porcine endometrium. Endocrinology 150 3823-3832. (doi:10.1210/en.2008- 1499)
90. Waclawik A., Blitek A., Kaczmarek M.M., Kiewisz J & Ziecik A.J. 2009b Antiluteolytic mechanisms and the establishment of pregnancy in the pig. In Control of Pig Reproduction VIII, pp 307-320. Eds H Rodriguez-Martinez, JL Vallet & AJ Ziecik. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.
91. 2 by luminal epithelial cells of the porcine endometrium during early pregnancy. Reproduction 140 613-622. (doi:10.1530/REP-10-0092)
92. 2α content in corpora lutea during periimplantation period in the pig. Molecular Reproduction and Development 75 1208-1216. (doi:10.1002/mrd.20862)
93. Watanabe K. 2002 Prostaglandin F synthase. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators 68-69 401-407. (doi:10.1016/S0090-6980(02)00044-8)
94. 2 induces its own secretion in vitro by bovine 270-day placenta but not by 200-day placenta. Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators 57 189-205. (doi:10.1016/S0090-6980(99)00003-9)
95. Weems C.W., Weems YS & Randel R.D. 2006 Prostaglandins and reproduction in female farm animals. Veterinary Journal 171 206-228. (doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.11.014)
96. White F.J., Ross J.W., Joyce M.M., Geisert R.D., Burghardt RC & Johnson G.A. 2005 Steroid regulation of cell specific secreted phosphoprotein 1 (osteopontin) expression in the pregnant porcine uterus. Biology of Reproduction 73 1294-1301. (doi:10.1095/biolreprod.105.045153)
97. White F.J., Kimball E.M., Wyman G., Stein D.R., Ross J.W., Ashworth MD &Geisert R.D. 2009 Estrogen and interleukin-1beta regulation of trophinin, osteopontin, cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2, and interleukin-1beta system in the porcine uterus. In Control of Pig Reproduction VIII, pp 203-204. Eds H Rodriguez-Martinez, JL Vallet & AJ Ziecik. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.
98. Ye X., Hama K., Contos J.J., Anliker B., Inoue A., Skinner M.K., Suzuki H., Amano T., Kennedy G., Arai H. et al. 2005 LPA3-mediated lysophosphatidic acid signalling in embryo implantation and spacing. Nature 435 104-108. (doi:10.1038/nature03505)
99. Yu Z., Gordon J.R., Kendall J & Thacker P.A. 1998 Elevation in tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) messenger RNA levels in the uterus of pregnant gilts after oestrogen treatment. Animal Reproduction Science 50 57-67. (doi:10.1016/S0378-4320(97)00081-X)
100. 2α as the luteolysin in swine: V. Comparison of prostaglandin F, progestins, estrone and estradiol in uterine flushings from pregnant and nonpregnant gilts. Prostaglandins 20 837-851. (doi:10.1016/0090- 6980(80)90137-9)
101. Zorrilla L.M., Irvin MS & Gadsby J.E. 2009 Protein kinase C isoforms in the porcine corpus luteum: Temporal and spatial expression patterns. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 36 173-185. (doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2008.10.008)