Selectivity and destinations of ethnic minorities leaving the main gateway cities of Estonia

Population, Space and Place

Volumn 17, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 674-688

  Tammaru, Tiit ^a   Kontuly, Thomas ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TARTU   (Estonia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

Author keywords

Destinations; Estonia; Ethnic minorities; Gateway cities; Selectivity of out migration

Indexed keywords

CITIZENSHIP; ETHNIC MINORITY; IMMIGRANT POPULATION; IMMIGRATION; MIGRATION DETERMINANT; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION;

ESTONIA;

EID: 80051986239     PISSN: 15448444     EISSN: 15448452     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/psp.623     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Aasland A, Fløtten T. 2001. Ethnicity and social exclusion in Estonia and Latvia. Europe - Asia Studies 53: 1023-1049.
2. Alba R, Logan J, Stults B, Marzan G, Zhang W. 1999. Immigrant groups in the suburbs: a reexamination of suburbanisation and spatial assimilation. American Sociological Review 64: 446-460.
3. Bartel A. 1989. Where do new U.S. immigrants live? Journal of Labour Economics 7: 371-391.
4. Bolt G, van Kempen R. 2010. Ethnic segregation and residential mobility: relocations of minority ethnic groups in the Netherlands. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 36: 333-354.
5. Bonvalet C, Carpenter J, White P. 1995. The residential mobility of ethnic minorities: a longitudinal analysis. Urban Studies 32: 87-103.
6. Bråmå Å. 2008. Dynamics of ethnic residential segregation in Göteborg, Sweden, 1995-2000. Population, Space and Place 14: 101-117.
7. Brubaker R. 2001. The return of assimilation? Changing perspectives on immigration and its sequels in France, Germany, and the United States. Ethnic and Racial Studies 24: 531-548.
8. Burgess E. 1925. The growth of the city. An introduction to research project. In The City. Suggestions for Investigation of Human Behavior in the Urban Environment, Park R, Burgess E (eds). The University of Chicago Press: Chicago; 47-62.
9. Champion T. 2002. Population change and migration in the British urban system. In International Handbook of Urban Systems, Geyer H (ed.). Edward Elgar: Cheltenham; 87-120.
10. Ellis M, Goodwin-White J. 2006. 1.5 generation internal migration in the U.S.: dispersion from states of immigration? International Migration Review 40: 899-926.
11. Feijten P, van Ham M. 2009. Neighbourhood change...reason to leave? 10.1177/0042098009339430 Urban Studies 46: 2103-2122.
12. Finney N, Simpson L. 2008. Internal migration and ethnic groups: evidence for Britain from the 2001 Census. Population, Space and Place 14: 63-83.
13. Frey W, Liaw K-L. 1998. Immigrant concentration and domestic migrant dispersal: is movement to non-metropolitan areas 'White Flight'? The Professional Geographer 50: 215-232.
14. Frey W, Liaw K-L. 2005. Migration within the United States: role of race-ethnicity. In Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs, Burtless G, Rothenberg J (eds). The Brookings Institution Press: Washington, DC; 207-226.
15. Gentile M, Sjöberg Ö. 2010. Spaces of priority: the geography of Soviet housing construction in Daugavpils, Latvia. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 100: 112-136.
16. Gentile M, Tammaru T. 2006. Housing and ethnicity in the post-Soviet city: Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan. Urban Studies 43: 1757-1778.
17. Greenman E, Xie Y. 2008. Is assimilation theory dead? The effect of assimilation on adolescent well-being. Social Science Research 37: 109-137.
18. Hallik K. 2002. Nationalising policies and integration challenges. In The Challenge of the Russian Minority. Emerging Multicultural Democracy in Estonia, Lauristin M, Heidmets M (eds). Tartu University Press: Tartu; 65-88.
19. Hempstead K. 2007. Mobility of the foreign-born population in the United States, 1995-2000: the role of gateway states. International Migration Review 41: 446-479.
20. Hou F. 2006. Spatial assimilation of racial minorities in Canada's immigrant gateway cities. Urban Studies 43: 1191-1213.
21. Hou F. 2007. Changes in the initial destinations and redistribution of Canada's major immigrant groups: reexamining the role of group affinity. International Migration Review 41: 680-705.
22. Iceland J, Scopilliti M. 2008. Immigrant residential segregation in U.S. metropolitan areas, 1990-2000. Demography 45: 79-94.
23. Jensen L, Chitose Y. 1996. Today's second generation: evidence from the 1990 census. In The New Second Generation, Portes A (ed.). Russell Sage Foundation: New York; 82-107.
24. Johnston R, Poulsen M, Forrest J. 2004. The comparative study of ethnic residential segregation in the United States 1980-2000. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 95: 550-569.
25. Kontuly T, Geyer H. 2003. Lessons learned from testing the differential urbanisation model. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 94: 124-128.
26. Kontuly T, Tammaru T. 2006. Population subgroups responsible for new urbanisation and suburbanisation tendencies in Estonia. European Urban and Regional Research 13: 319-336.
27. Kritz M, Nogle J. 1994. Nativity concentration and internal migration among the foreign-born. Demography 31: 509-524.
28. Kulu H. 2003. Housing differences in the late Soviet city: the case of Tartu, Estonia. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 27: 897-911.
29. Kulu H. 2004. Determinants of first residence and migration in the Soviet Union after World War 2: the immigrant population in Estonia. Environment and Planning A 36(2): 305-325.
30. Kulu H, Billari F. 2006. Migration to urban and rural destinations in post-Soviet Estonia: a multilevel event-history analysis. Environment and Planning A 38: 749-764.
31. Kährik A, Tammaru T. 2008. Population composition in new suburban settlements of the Tallinn metropolitan area. Urban Studies 45: 1055-1078.
32. Ladányi J, Szelényi I. 1998. Class, ethnicity and urban restructuring in postcommunist Hungary. In Social Change and Urban Restructuring in Central Europe, Enyedi, G (ed.). Akadémiai Kiadó: Budapest; 67-86.
33. Li W. 1998. Anatomy of a new ethnic settlement: the Chinese ethnoburbs in Los Angeles. Urban Studies 35: 470-501.
34. Lindgren U. 2003. Who is the counter-urban mover? Evidence from the Swedish urban system. International Journal of Population Geography 9: 399-418.
35. Massey D. 1985. Ethnic residential segregation: a theoretical synthesis and empirical review. Sociology and Social Research 69: 315-350.
36. Massey D, Denton N. 1987. Trends of residential segregation of Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians. American Sociological Review 52: 802-825.
37. McGarrigle J. 2009. Understanding Processes of Ethnic Concentration and Dispersals. South Asian Residential Preferences in Glasgow. IMISCOE Dissertations, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam.
38. Painter G, Zhou Y. 2008. Leaving gateway metropolitan areas in the United States: immigrants and the housing market. Urban Studies 45: 1163-1192.
39. Pavelson M, Luuk M. 2002. Non-Estonians on the labour market: a change in the economic model and differences in social capital. In The Challenge of the Russian Minority. Emerging Multicultural Democracy in Estonia, Lauristin M, Heidmets M (eds). Tartu University Press: Tartu; 89-117.
40. Phillips D. 1998. Black minority ethnic concentration, segregation and dispersal in Britain. Urban Studies 35: 1681-1702.
41. Poppe E, Hagendoorn L. 2003. Types of identification among Russians in the near abroad. Europe-Asia Studies 53: 57-71.
42. Portes A, Rumbaut R. 2001. Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation. University of California: Berkeley.
43. Portes A, Zhou M. 1993. The new second generation: segmented assimilation and its variants. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 530: 74-96.
44. Qian Z, Lichter D. 2001. Measuring marital assimilation: intermarriages among natives and immigrants. Social Science Research 30: 289-312.
45. Randolph B, Holloway D. 2005. The suburbanization of disadvantage in Sydney: new problems, new policies. Opolis 1: 49-65.
46. Reher D, Silvestre J. 2009. Internal migration patterns of foreign-born immigrants in a country of recent mass immigration: evidence from new micro data for Spain. International Migration Review 43: 815-849.
47. South S, Crowder K, Chavez E. 2005. Geographic mobility and spatial assimilation among U.S. Latino immigrants. International Migration Review 39: 577-607.
48. Stillwell J, Phillips D. 2006. Diversity and change: understanding the ethnic geographies of Leeds. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 32: 1131-1152.
49. Tammaru T. 2002. Universal and specific features of urbanisation in Estonia under socialism: the empirical evidence of the sources of urban and rural population growth. The Professional Geographer 54: 544-556.
50. Tammaru T, Kulu H. 2003. Ethnic minorities in Estonia: changes in the size, composition and location. Eurasian Geography and Economics 44: 105-120.
51. Tammaru T, Leetmaa K. 2007. Suburbanisation in relation to education in the Tallinn metropolitan area. Population, Space and Place 13: 279-292.
52. Thomson M, Crul M. 2007. Generation in Europe and the United States: how is the transatlantic debate relevant for further research on the European second generation? Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 33: 1025-1041.
53. Vihalemm T, Masso A. 2003. Identity dynamics of Russian-speakers of Estonia in transition period. Journal of Baltic Studies 34: 92-116.
54. Zelinsky W, Lee B. 1998. Heterolocalism: an alternative model of the sociospatial behaviour of immigrant ethnic communities. International Journal of Population Geography 4: 281-298.