Iron solubility in crustal and anthropogenic aerosols: The Eastern Mediterranean as a case study

Marine Chemistry

Volumn 126, Issue 1-4, 2011, Pages 229-238

  Seguret M J M ^a   Kocak M ^b   Theodosi, C ^c   Ussher, S J ^a,d   Worsfold, P J ^a   Herut, B ^e   Mihalopoulos, N ^c   Kubilay, N ^b   Nimmo, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH   (United Kingdom)

^b MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CRETE   (Greece)

^d BERMUDA INSTITUTE OF OCEAN SCIENCES   (Bermuda)

^e NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY   (Israel)

Author keywords

Aerosol iron; Dissolution; FI CL; Kinetic; Levantine Basin

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL COMPOSITION; ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; DISSOLUTION; DUST; IRON; MARINE POLLUTION; REACTION KINETICS; SEAWATER; SOLUBILITY; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS;

LEVANTINE SEA; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; MEDITERRANEAN SEA (EAST);

EID: 80051932136     PISSN: 03044203     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.marchem.2011.05.007     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Aguilar-Islas A., Wu J., Rember R., Johansen A.M., Shank L.M. Dissolution of aerosol-derived iron in seawater: leach solution chemistry, aerosol type, and colloidal iron fraction. Mar. Chem. 2010, 120(1-4):25-33. 10.1016/j.marchem.2009.01.01.
2. Andreae T.W., Andreae M.O., Ichoku C., Maenhaut W., Cafmeyer J., Karnieli A., Orlovsky L. Light scatte 1. ring by dust and anthropogenic aerosol at a remote site in the Negev desert, Israel. J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107(D2). 10.1029/2001JD900252.
3. Azov Y. Eastern Mediterranean: a marine desert?. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 1991, 23:225-232. 10.1016/0025-326X(91)90679-M.
4. Baker A.R., Jickells T.D., Witt M., Linge K.L. Trends in the solubility of iron, aluminium, manganese and phosphorus in aerosol collected over the Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Chem. 2006, 98:43-58. 10.1016/j.marchem.2005.06.004.
5. Biscombe, A., 2004. Factors influencing the seawater solubility of aerosol associated trace metals. PhD thesis. University of Plymouth.
6. Bonnet S., Guieu C. Dissolution of atmospheric iron in seawater. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2004, 31(L03303). 10.1029/2003GL018423.
7. Bonnet S., Guieu C. Atmospheric forcing on the annual iron cycle in the western Mediterranean Sea: a 1-year survey. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111(C09010). 10.1029/2005JC003213.
8. Bonnet S., Guieu C., Chiaverini J., Ras J., Stock A. Effect of atmospheric nutrients on the autotrophic communities in a low nutrient, low chlorophyll system. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2005, 50(6):1,810-1,819.
9. Bowie A.R., Achterberg E.P., Mantoura R.F.C., Worsfold P.J. Determination of sub-nanomolar levels of iron in seawater using flow injection with chemiluminescence detection. Anal. Chim. Acta 1998, 361:189-200.
10. Boyd P.W., Watson A.J., Law C.S., Abraham E.R., Trull T., Murdoch R., Bakker D.C.E., Bowie A.R., Buesseler K.O., Chang H., Charette M., Croot P., Downing K., Frew R., Gall M., Hadfield M., Hall J., Harvey M., Jameson G., La Roche J., Liddicoat M., Ling R., Maldonado M.T., McKay R.M., Nodder S., Pickmere S., Pridmore R., Rintoul S., Safi K., Sutton P., Strzepek R., Tanneberger K., Turner S., Waite A., Zeldis J. A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization. Nature 2000, 407:695-702.
11. Buck C.S., Landing W.M., Resing J.A., Lebon G.T. Aerosol iron and aluminium solubility in the northwest Pacific Ocean: results from the 2002 IOC cruise. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2006, 7(Q04M07). 10.1029/2005GC000977.
12. Buck C.S., Landing W.M., Resing J.A., Measures C.I. The solubility and deposition of aerosol Fe and other trace elements in the North Atlantic Ocean: observations from the A16N CLIVAR/CO2 repeat hydrography section. Mar. Chem. 2010, 120(1-4):57-70. 10.1016/j.marchem.2008.08.003.
13. Chen Y., Street J., Paytan A. Comparison between pure-water- and seawater-soluble nutrient concentrations of aerosols from the Gulf of Aqaba. Mar. Chem. 2006, 101(1-2):141-152. 10.1016/j.marchem.2006.02.002.
14. Chester R., Lin F.J., Murphy K.J.T. A three stage sequential leaching scheme for the characterisation of the sources and environmental mobility of trace metals in the marine aerosol. Environ. Technol. Lett. 1989, 10:887-900.
15. Chester R., Nimmo M., Murphy K.J.T., Nicolas E. Atmospheric trace metals transported to the Western Mediterranean: data from a station on Cap Ferrat. Water Pollution Reseach Pollution 1990, 597-612. Commision of the European Communities, The Netherlands. J.-M. Martin, H. Barth (Eds.).
16. Chester R., Murphy K.J.T., Lin F.J., Berry A.S., Bradshaw G.A., Corcoran P.A. Factors controlling the solubilities of trace metals from non-remote aerosols deposited to the sea surface by the "dry" deposition mode. Mar. Chem. 1993, 42:107-126.
17. Chester R., Nimmo M., Keyse S. The influence of Saharan and Middle Eastern desert-derived dust on the trace metal composition of Mediterranean aerosols and rainwaters: an overview. The impact of desert dust across the Mediterranean 1996, 253-273. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London. S. Guernozi, R. Chester (Eds.).
18. Coale K.H., Johnson K.S., Fitzwater S.E., Gordon R.M., Tanner S., Chavez F.P., Ferioli L., Sakamoto C., Rogers P., Millero F.J., Steinberg P., Nightingale P., Cooper D., Cochlan W.P., Landry M.R., Constantinou J., Rollwagen G., Trasvina A., Kudela R. A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 1996, 383:495-501.
19. Crecelius E.A. The solubility of coal fly ash and marine aerosols in seawater. Mar. Chem. 1980, 8(3):245-250.
20. Croot P.L., Johansson M. Determination of iron speciation by cathodic stripping voltammetry in seawater using the competing ligand 2-(2-Thiazolylazo)-p-cresol (TAC). Electroanalysis 2000, 12(8):565-576.
21. Erel Y., Dayan U., Rabi R., Rudich Y., Stein M. Trans boundary transport of pollutants by atmospheric mineral dust. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40:2,996-3,005. 10.1021/es051502l.
22. Falkowski P.G., Barber R.T., Smetacek V. Biogeochemical controls and feedbacks on ocean primary production. Science 1998, 281:200-206.
23. Gertman I., Hecht A. Annual and long-term changes in the salinity and the temperature of the waters of the South-eastern Levantine Basin. CIESM: Tracking long-term hydrological change in the Mediterranean Sea, 16(75-79), CIESM Workshop Series, Monaco 2002.
24. Griffin D.W., Kubilay N., Koçak M., Gray M.A., Borden T.C., Shinn E. A Airborne desert dust and aeromicrobiology over the Turkish Mediterranean coastline. Atmos. Environ. 2007, 41:4050-4062.
25. Guerzoni S., Molinaroli E., Rossini P., Rampazzo G., Quarantotto G., de Falco G., Cristini S. Role of desert aerosol in metal fluxes in the Mediterranean area. Chemosphere 1999, 39(2):229-246.
26. Guerzoni S., Chester R., Dulac F., Herut B., Loÿe-Pilot M.-D., Measures C.I., Migon C., 567 Molinaroli E., Moulin C., Rossini P., Saydam C., Soudine A., Ziveri P. The role of atmospheric deposition in the biogeochemistry of the Mediterranean Sea. Prog. Oceanogr. 1999, 44(1-3):147-190.
27. Guieu C., Loye-Pilot M.-D., Ridame C., Thomas C. Chemical characterization of the Saharan dust end-member: some biogeochemical implications for the Western Mediterranean Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107(D15). 10.1029/2001JD000582.
28. Herut B., Nimmo M., Medway A., Chester R., Krom M.D. Dry atmospheric inputs of trace metals at the Mediterranean coast of Israel (SE Mediterranean): sources and fluxes. Atmos. Environ. 2001, 35:803-813.
29. Herut B., Zohary T., Krom M.D., Mantoura R.F.C., Pitta P., Psarra S., Rassoulzadegan F., Tanaka T., Thingstad T.F. Response of East Mediterranean surface water to Saharan dust: on-board microcosm experiment and field observations. Deep-Sea Res. Pt II 2005, 52(22-23):3,024-3,040. 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.09.003.
30. Jickells T.D., Spokes L.J. Chapter Four: atmospheric iron inputs to the oceans. The Biogeochemistry of Iron in Seawater 2001, 85-121. Wiley J and Sons, Ltd, Baltimore. D.R. Turner, K. Hunter (Eds.).
31. Journet E., Desboeufs K.V., Caquineau S., Colin J.L. Mineralogy as a critical factor of dust iron solubility. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008, 35(L07805). 10.1029/2007GL031589.
32. Koçak M. Comprehensive Chemical Characterization of Aerosols in the Eastern Mediterranean: Sources and Long Range Transport 2006, 335. Department of Chemical Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences of Middle East Technical University, Erdemli.
33. Koçak M., Nimmo M., Kubilay N., Herut B. Spatio-temporal aerosol trace metal concentrations and sources in the Levantine Basin of the Eastern Mediterranean. Atmos. Environ. 2004, 38:2,133-2,144. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.01.020.
34. Koçak M., Kubilay N., Herut B., Nimmo M. Dry atmospheric fluxes of trace metals (Al, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu) over the Levantine Basin: a refined assessment. Atmos. Environ. 2005, 39(7):7,330-7,341. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.09.010.
35. Koçak M., Kubilay N., Herut B., Nimmo M. Trace metal solid state speciation in aerosols of the Northern Levantine Basin, East Mediterranean. J. Atmos. Chem. 2007, 56:239-257. 10.1007/s10874-006-9053-7.
36. Kress N., Herut B. Spatial and seasonal evolution of dissolved oxygen and nutrients in the Southern Levantine Basin (Eastern Mediterranean Sea): chemical characterization of the water masses and inferences on the N:P ratios. Deep-Sea Res. Pt I 2001, 48(11):2,347-2,372.
37. Krom M.D., Kress N., Brenner S., Gordon L.I. Phosphorus limitation of primary productivity in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1991, 36(3):424-432.
38. Kubilay N., Saydam A.C. Trace elements in atmospheric particulates over the Eastern Mediterranean; concentrations, sources, and temporal variability. Atmos. Environ. 1995, 29(17):2,289-2,300.
39. Kubilay N., Nickovic S., Moulin C., Dulac F. An illustration of the transport and deposition of mineral dust onto the eastern Mediterranean. Atmos. Environ. 2000, 34:1,293-1,303.
40. Linsinger T. Application note 1: comparison of a measurement result with the certified value. European Commission - Joint Research Centre Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements 2005, http://irmm.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference_materials_catalogue/user_support, I.R.M.M. Geel (Ed.).
41. Ludwing W., Maybeck M. Riverine transport of water, sediments and pollutants to the Mediterranean Sea. MAP Technical Report Series, 111, U.M. United Nations Environment Programme Mediterranean Action plan 2003.
42. Markaki Z., Oikonomou K., Koçak M., Kouvarakis G., Chaniotaki A., Kubilay N., Mihalopoulos N. Atmospheric deposition of inorganic phosphorus in the Levantine Basin, eastern Mediterranean: spatial and temporal variability and its role on seawater productivity. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2003, 48(4):1,557-1,568.
43. Mendez J., Guieu C., Adkins J. Atmospheric input of manganese and iron to the ocean: seawater dissolution experiments with Saharan and North American dusts. Mar. Chem. 2010, 120(1-4):34-43. 10.1016/j.marchem.2008.08.006.
44. Nimmo M., Fones G.R. The potential pool of Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni and Co organic complexing ligands in rural and urban rainwaters. Atmos. Environ. 1996, 31(5):693-702.
45. Nimmo M., Fones G.R., Chester R. Atmospheric deposition: a potential source of trace metal organic complexing ligands to the marine environment. Croat. Chem. Acta 1996, 2:323-341.
46. Özsoy T., Saydam A.C. Iron speciation in precipitation in the North-Eastern Mediterranean and its relationship with Saharan dust. J. Atmos. Chem. 2001, 40:41-76.
47. Pye K. Aeolian Dust and Dust Deposits 1987, Academic Press, New York.
48. Rahn K.A., Borys R.D., Shaw G.E., Schutz L., Jaenicke R. Long-range impact of desert aerosol on atmospheric chemistry: two examples. SCOPE 1979, 14:243-266. Wiley, Chichester. C. Morales (Ed.).
49. Ridame C., Guieu C. Saharan input of phosphate to the oligotrophic water of the open western Mediterranean Sea. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2002, 47(3):856-869.
50. Schroth A.W., Crusius J., Sholkovitz E.R., Bostick B.C. Iron solubility driven by speciation in dust sources to the ocean. Nat. Geosci. 2009, 2:337-340. 10.1038/ngeo501.
51. Sedwick P.N., Church T.M., Bowie A.R., Marsay C.M., Ussher S.J., Achilles K.M., Lethaby P.J., Johnson R.J., Sarin M.M., McGillicuddy D.J. Iron in the Sargasso Sea (Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study region) during summer: Eolian imprint, spatiotemporal variability, and ecological implications. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 2005, 19(GB4006). 10.1029/2004GB002445.
52. Sedwick P.N., Sholkovitz E.R., Church T.M. Impact of anthropogenic combustion emissions on the fractional solubility of aerosol iron: evidence from the Sargasso Sea. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2007, 8(10). 10.1029/2007GC001586.
53. Séguret, M.J.M., 2008. Dissolution of aerosol iron in seawater using flow-injection with chemiluminescence detection. PhD thesis. University of Plymouth.
54. Séguret M.J.M., Ussher S.J., Worsfold P.J., Nimmo M., Wood J.W. Automatic sampler coupled with flow injection-chemiluminescence detection to monitor particle/natural water interactions. Instrum. Sci. Technol. 2008, 36(1):18-31. 10.1080/10739140701749773.
55. Shi Z., Krom M.D., Bonneville S., Baker A.R., Jickells T.D., Benning L.G. Formation of iron nanoparticles and increase in iron reactivity in mineral dust during simulated cloud processing. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43(17):6,592-6,596. 10.1021/es900397y.
56. Spokes L.J., Jickells T.D. Factors controlling the solubility of aerosol trace metals in the atmosphere and on mixing into seawater. Aquat. Geochem. 1996, 1:355-374.
57. Spokes L.J., Jickells T.D., Jarvis K. Atmospheric inputs of trace metals to the northeast Atlantic Ocean: the importance of southeasterly flow. Marine Chemistry 2001, 76:319-330.
58. Statham P.J., Hart V. Dissolved iron in the Cretan Sea (eastern Mediterranean). Limnol. Oceanogr. 2005, 50(4):1,142-1,148.
59. Teutsch N., Erel Y., Halicz L., Banin A. Distribution of natural and anthropogenic lead in soils. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2001, 65(17):2,853-2,864.
60. Theodosi C., Markaki Z., Mihalopoulos N. Iron speciation, solubility and temporal variability in wet and dry deposition in the Eastern Mediterranean. Mar. Chem. 2010, 120(1-4):100-107. 10.1016/j.marchem.2008.05.004.
61. Wagener T., Pulido-Villeda E., Guieu C. Dust iron dissolution in seawater: results from a one-year time-series in the Mediterranean Sea. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008, 35(L16601). 10.1029/2008GL034581.