메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 633-645

Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: Management of two diseases of the elderly

Author keywords

aortic aneurysm; corticosteroids; disease activity; disease modifying antirheumatic drugs; giant cell arteritis; outcome research; polymyalgia rheumatica; vasculitis

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; AUTOANTIBODY; AZATHIOPRINE; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CALCIUM; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLIC CITRULLINATED PEPTIDE ANTIBODY; CYCLOSPORIN; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE; INFLIXIMAB; METHOTREXATE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; PLACEBO; PREDNISOLONE; PREDNISONE; RHEUMATOID FACTOR; RITUXIMAB; VITAMIN D;

EID: 80051713329     PISSN: 1745509X     EISSN: 17455103     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/ahe.11.50     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (18)

References (129)
  • 1
    • 0141574199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giant-cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica
    • Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Giant-cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann. Intern. Med. 139, 505-515 (2003).
    • (2003) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.139 , pp. 505-515
    • Weyand, C.M.1    Goronzy, J.J.2
  • 2
    • 0036021153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in the incidence of polymyalgia rheumatica over a 30 year period in olmsted county
    • Minnesota USA
    • Doran MF, Crowson CS, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG, Gabriel SE. Trends in the incidence of polymyalgia rheumatica over a 30 year period in Olmsted county, Minnesota, USA. J. Rheumatol. 29, 1694-1697 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Rheumatol. , vol.29 , pp. 1694-1697
    • Doran, M.F.1    Crowson, C.S.2    O'Fallon, W.M.3    Hunder, G.G.4    Gabriel, S.E.5
  • 3
    • 79953707617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lifetime risk of adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory autoimmune rheumatic diseases
    • Crowson CS, Matteson EL, Myasoedova E et al. The lifetime risk of adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Arthr. Rheum. 63, 633-639 (2011).
    • (2011) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.63 , pp. 633-639
    • Crowson, C.S.1    Matteson, E.L.2    Myasoedova, E.3
  • 4
    • 69749109567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymyalgia rheumatica prevalence in a population-based sample
    • Bernatsky S, Joseph L, Pineau CA et al. Polymyalgia rheumatica prevalence in a population-based sample. Arthr. Rheum. 61, 1264-1267 (2009).
    • (2009) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.61 , pp. 1264-1267
    • Bernatsky, S.1    Joseph, L.2    Pineau, C.A.3
  • 5
    • 77950311911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase in age at onset of giant cell arteritis: A population-based study
    • Kermani TA, Schäfer VS, Crowson CS et al. Increase in age at onset of giant cell arteritis: a population-based study. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 69, 780-781 (2010).
    • (2010) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.69 , pp. 780-781
    • Kermani, T.A.1    Schäfer, V.S.2    Crowson, C.S.3
  • 6
    • 0038790045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medium- and large-vessel vasculitis
    • Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Medium- and large-vessel vasculitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 160-169 (2003).
    • (2003) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.349 , pp. 160-169
    • Weyand, C.M.1    Goronzy, J.J.2
  • 8
    • 0036840232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trapping of misdirected dendritic cells in the granulomatous lesions of giant cell arteritis
    • Krupa WM, Dewan M, Jeon MS et al. Trapping of misdirected dendritic cells in the granulomatous lesions of giant cell arteritis. Am. J. Pathol. 161, 1815-1823 (2002).
    • (2002) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.161 , pp. 1815-1823
    • Krupa, W.M.1    Dewan, M.2    Jeon, M.S.3
  • 9
    • 1642459098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of arterial wall dendritic cells and breakdown of self-tolerance in giant cell arteritis
    • Ma-Krupa W, Jeon MS, Spoerl S, Tedder TF, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Activation of arterial wall dendritic cells and breakdown of self-tolerance in giant cell arteritis. J. Exp. Med. 199, 173-183 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Exp. Med. , vol.199 , pp. 173-183
    • Ma-Krupa, W.1    Jeon, M.S.2    Spoerl, S.3    Tedder, T.F.4    Goronzy, J.J.5    Weyand, C.M.6
  • 12
    • 1042267436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunopathways in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica
    • Weyand CM, Ma-Krupa W, Goronzy JJ. Immunopathways in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Autoimmun. Rev. 3, 46-53 (2004).
    • (2004) Autoimmun. Rev. , vol.3 , pp. 46-53
    • Weyand, C.M.1    Ma-Krupa, W.2    Goronzy, J.J.3
  • 13
    • 47349103031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis
    • Salvarani C, Cantini F, Hunder GG. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis. Lancet 372, 234-245 (2008).
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 234-245
    • Salvarani, C.1    Cantini, F.2    Hunder, G.G.3
  • 14
    • 34047118153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repetitive 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in isolated polymyalgia rheumatica: A prospective study in 35 patients
    • Blockmans D, De Ceuninck L, Vanderschueren S, Knockaert D, Mortelmans L, Bobbaers H. Repetitive 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in isolated polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective study in 35 patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 46(4), 672-677 (2007).
    • (2007) Rheumatology Oxford , vol.46 , Issue.4 , pp. 672-677
    • Blockmans, D.1    De Ceuninck, L.2    Vanderschueren, S.3    Knockaert, D.4    Mortelmans, L.5    Bobbaers, H.6
  • 15
    • 77749336052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergencies in rheumatology: Giant cell arteritis with visual symptoms vertebrobasilar insufficiency or other ischaemic complications
    • Wagner AD, Dejaco C. Emergencies in rheumatology: giant cell arteritis with visual symptoms, vertebrobasilar insufficiency or other ischaemic complications. Aktuel. Rheumatol. 35, 43-48 (2010).
    • (2010) Aktuel. Rheumatol. , vol.35 , pp. 43-48
    • Wagner, A.D.1    Dejaco, C.2
  • 16
    • 77954720405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BSR and BHPR standards guidelines and audit working group BSR and BHPR guidelines for the management of giant cell arteritis
    • Dasgupta B, Borg FA, Hassan N et al. BSR and BHPR standards, guidelines and audit working group. BSR and BHPR guidelines for the management of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 49, 1594-1597 (2010).
    • (2010) Rheumatology Oxford , vol.49 , pp. 1594-1597
    • Dasgupta, B.1    Borg, F.A.2    Hassan, N.3
  • 17
    • 61449178959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis
    • Mukhtyar C, Guillevin L, Cid MC et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68(3), 318-323 (2009).
    • (2009) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 318-323
    • Mukhtyar, C.1    Guillevin, L.2    Cid, M.C.3
  • 18
    • 79952030226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymyalgia rheumatica is associated with extensor tendon tenosynovitis but not with synovitis of the hands: A magnetic resonance imaging study
    • Cimmino MA, Parodi M, Zampogna G, Barbieri F, Garlaschi G. Polymyalgia rheumatica is associated with extensor tendon tenosynovitis but not with synovitis of the hands: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Rheumatology 50, 494-499 (2011).
    • (2011) Rheumatology , vol.50 , pp. 494-499
    • Cimmino, M.A.1    Parodi, M.2    Zampogna, G.3    Barbieri, F.4    Garlaschi, G.5
  • 20
    • 0034875221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual hallucinations in giant cell arteritis: Association with visual loss
    • Nesher G, Nesher R, Rozenman Y, Sonnenblick M. Visual hallucinations in giant cell arteritis: association with visual loss. J. Rheumatol. 28, 2046-2048 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Rheumatol. , vol.28 , pp. 2046-2048
    • Nesher, G.1    Nesher, R.2    Rozenman, Y.3    Sonnenblick, M.4
  • 21
    • 67651091666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strokes at time of disease diagnosis in a series of 287 patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis
    • Gonzalez-Gay MA, Vazquez-Rodriguez TR, Gomez-Acebo I et al. Strokes at time of disease diagnosis in a series of 287 patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis. Medicine (Baltimore) 88, 227-235 (2009).
    • (2009) Medicine Baltimore , vol.88 , pp. 227-235
    • Gonzalez-Gay, M.A.1    Vazquez-Rodriguez, T.R.2    Gomez-Acebo, I.3
  • 22
    • 37349001799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound of proximal upper extremity arteries to increase the diagnostic yield in large-vessel giant cell arteritis
    • Schmidt WA, Seifert A, Gromnica-Ihle E, Krause A, Natusch A. Ultrasound of proximal upper extremity arteries to increase the diagnostic yield in large-vessel giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford).47, 96-101 (2008).
    • (2008) Rheumatology Oxford , vol.47 , pp. 96-101
    • Schmidt, W.A.1    Seifert, A.2    Gromnica-Ihle, E.3    Krause, A.4    Natusch, A.5
  • 23
    • 32544453865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repetitive 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis: A prospective study of 35 patients
    • Blockmans D, de Ceuninck L, Vanderschueren S et al. Repetitive 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis: a prospective study of 35 patients. Arthr. Rheum. 55, 131-137 (2006).
    • (2006) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.55 , pp. 131-137
    • Blockmans, D.1    De Ceuninck, L.2    Vanderschueren, S.3
  • 24
    • 0028943324 scopus 로고
    • Increased incidence of aortic aneurysm and dissection in giant cell temporal arteritis a population-based study
    • Evans JM, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG. Increased incidence of aortic aneurysm and dissection in giant cell (temporal) arteritis. A population-based study. Ann. Intern. Med. 122, 502-507 (1995).
    • (1995) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.122 , pp. 502-507
    • Evans, J.M.1    O'Fallon, W.M.2    Hunder, G.G.3
  • 25
    • 9144233221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aortic aneurysm and dissection in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis from northwestern Spain: A population-based study
    • Gonzalez-Gay MA, Garcia-Porrua C, Pineiro A, Pego-Reigosa R, Llorca J, Hunder GG. Aortic aneurysm and dissection in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis from northwestern Spain: a population-based study. Medicine 83, 335-341 (2004).
    • (2004) Medicine , vol.83 , pp. 335-341
    • Gonzalez-Gay, M.A.1    Garcia-Porrua, C.2    Pineiro, A.3    Pego-Reigosa, R.4    Llorca, J.5    Hunder, G.G.6
  • 26
    • 40849116298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of aortic aneurysm/dilatation during the followup of patients with giant cell arteritis: A cross-sectional screening of fifty-four prospectively followed patients
    • García-Martínez A, Hernández-Rodríguez J, Arguis P et al. Development of aortic aneurysm/dilatation during the followup of patients with giant cell arteritis: a cross-sectional screening of fifty-four prospectively followed patients. Arthr. Rheum. 59, 422-430 (2008).
    • (2008) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.59 , pp. 422-430
    • García-Martínez, A.1    Hernández-Rodríguez, J.2    Arguis, P.3
  • 31
    • 34547932901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesenteric ischemia in giant cell arteritis: 6 cases and a systematic review
    • Sujobert P, Fardet L, Marie I et al. Mesenteric ischemia in giant cell arteritis: 6 cases and a systematic review. J. Rheumatol. 34(8), 1727-1732 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Rheumatol. , vol.34 , Issue.8 , pp. 1727-1732
    • Sujobert, P.1    Fardet, L.2    Marie, I.3
  • 33
    • 78651260234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of upper and lower extremity vasculitis related to giant cell arteritis: A series of 36 patients
    • Baltimore
    • Assie C, Janvresse A, Plissonnier D, Levesque H, Marie I. Long-term follow-up of upper and lower extremity vasculitis related to giant cell arteritis: a series of 36 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 90, 40-51 (2011).
    • (2011) Medicine , vol.90 , pp. 40-51
    • Assie, C.1    Janvresse, A.2    Plissonnier, D.3    Levesque, H.4    Marie, I.5
  • 34
    • 78650510024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower extremity vasculitis in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis
    • Kermani TA, Warrington KJ. Lower extremity vasculitis in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 23(1), 38-42 (2011).
    • (2011) Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-42
    • Kermani, T.A.1    Warrington, K.J.2
  • 35
    • 0023936730 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral neuropathic syndromes in giant cell temporal arteritis
    • Caselli RJ, Daube JR, Hunder GG, Whisnant JP. Peripheral neuropathic syndromes in giant cell (temporal) arteritis. Neurology 38, 685-689 (1988).
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 685-689
    • Caselli, R.J.1    Daube, J.R.2    Hunder, G.G.3    Whisnant, J.P.4
  • 36
    • 79955676179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of classification criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica PMR: Results from an international prospective multi-center longitudinal study
    • Dasgupta B, Cimmino M, Maradit-Kremers H et al. Development of classification criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR): results from an international, prospective, multi-center longitudinal study. Arthr. Rheum. 62, S689 (2010).
    • (2010) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.62
    • Dasgupta, B.1    Cimmino, M.2    Maradit-Kremers, H.3
  • 38
    • 0021230167 scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of polymyalgia rheumatica: Evidence for synovitis
    • Healey LA. Long-term follow-up of polymyalgia rheumatica: evidence for synovitis. Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 13, 322-328 (1984).
    • (1984) Semin. Arthritis Rheum. , vol.13 , pp. 322-328
    • Healey, L.A.1
  • 40
    • 0019434872 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis and management of polymyalgia rheumatica
    • Jones JG, Hazleman BL. Prognosis and management of polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 40, 1-5 (1981).
    • (1981) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.40 , pp. 1-5
    • Jones, J.G.1    Hazleman, B.L.2
  • 41
    • 0033000737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymyalgia rheumatica with low erythrocyte sedimentation rate at diagnosis
    • Proven A, Gabriel SE, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG. Polymyalgia rheumatica with low erythrocyte sedimentation rate at diagnosis. J. Rheumatol. 26, 1333-1337 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Rheumatol. , vol.26 , pp. 1333-1337
    • Proven, A.1    Gabriel, S.E.2    O'Fallon, W.M.3    Hunder, G.G.4
  • 42
    • 0030020222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymyalgia rheumatica in patients with a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate
    • Helfgott SM, Kieval RI. Polymyalgia rheumatica in patients with a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Arthr. Rheum. 39, 304-307 (1996).
    • (1996) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.39 , pp. 304-307
    • Helfgott, S.M.1    Kieval, R.I.2
  • 43
    • 0035025846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflamed shoulder structures in polymyalgia rheumatica with normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate
    • Cantini F, Salvarani C, Olivieri I et al. Inflamed shoulder structures in polymyalgia rheumatica with normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Arthr. Rheum. 44, 1155-1159 (2001).
    • (2001) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.44 , pp. 1155-1159
    • Cantini, F.1    Salvarani, C.2    Olivieri, I.3
  • 44
    • 0033888493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in the evaluation of disease activity and severity in polymyalgia rheumatica: A prospective follow-up study
    • Cantini F, Salvarani C, Olivieri I et al. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in the evaluation of disease activity and severity in polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective follow-up study. Semin. Arthr. Rheum. 30, 17-24 (2000).
    • (2000) Semin. Arthr. Rheum. , vol.30 , pp. 17-24
    • Cantini, F.1    Salvarani, C.2    Olivieri, I.3
  • 45
    • 45149130939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoantibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide in a PMR inception cohort from the PMR outcomes study
    • Dasgupta B, Hutchings A, Hollywood J, Nutter L. Autoantibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide in a PMR inception cohort from the PMR outcomes study. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 67, 903-904 (2008).
    • (2008) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.67 , pp. 903-904
    • Dasgupta, B.1    Hutchings, A.2    Hollywood, J.3    Nutter, L.4
  • 47
    • 2442426176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical utility of anti-CCP antibodies in the differential diagnosis of elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis and polymyalgia rheumatica
    • Lopez-Hoyos M, Ruiz de Alegria C, Blanco R et al. Clinical utility of anti-CCP antibodies in the differential diagnosis of elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Rheumatology 43, 655-657 (2004).
    • (2004) Rheumatology , vol.43 , pp. 655-657
    • Lopez-Hoyos, M.1    Ruiz De Alegria, C.2    Blanco, R.3
  • 48
    • 58949100474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giant cell arteritis: An updated review
    • Kawasaki A, Purvin V. Giant cell arteritis: an updated review. Acta Ophthalmol. 87, 13-32 (2009).
    • (2009) Acta Ophthalmol. , vol.87 , pp. 13-32
    • Kawasaki, A.1    Purvin, V.2
  • 49
    • 45149099353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cervical interspinous bursitis in active polymyalgia rheumatica
    • Salvarani C, Barozzi L, Cantini F et al. Cervical interspinous bursitis in active polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 67, 758-761 (2008).
    • (2008) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.67 , pp. 758-761
    • Salvarani, C.1    Barozzi, L.2    Cantini, F.3
  • 50
    • 79952256797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonography in early assessment of elderly patients with polymyalgic symptoms: A role in predicting diagnostic outcome
    • Falsetti P, Acciai C, Volpe A, Lenzi L. Ultrasonography in early assessment of elderly patients with polymyalgic symptoms: a role in predicting diagnostic outcome? Scand. J. Rheumatol. 40, 57-63 (2011).
    • (2011) Scand. J. Rheumatol. , vol.40 , pp. 57-63
    • Falsetti, P.1    Acciai, C.2    Volpe, A.3    Lenzi, L.4
  • 51
    • 80051469300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of ultrasound in the diagnostic assessment of patients with shoulder pain in evaluation for polymyalgia rheumatica: Results from an international prospective multi-center longitudinal study
    • Dasgupta B, Cimmino M, Maradit-Kremers H et al. Utility of ultrasound in the diagnostic assessment of patients with shoulder pain in evaluation for polymyalgia rheumatica: results from an international, prospective, multi-center longitudinal study. Arthr. Rheum. 62, S682 (2010).
    • (2010) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.62
    • Dasgupta, B.1    Cimmino, M.2    Maradit-Kremers, H.3
  • 52
    • 0025103002 scopus 로고
    • The American college of rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis
    • Hunder GG, Bloch DA, Michel BA et al. The American college of rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis. Arthr. Rheum. 33, 1122-1128 (1990).
    • (1990) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.33 , pp. 1122-1128
    • Hunder, G.G.1    Bloch, D.A.2    Michel, B.A.3
  • 54
    • 70450277252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of biopsy length on the rate of positive temporal artery biopsies
    • Breuer GS, Nesher R, Nesher G. Effect of biopsy length on the rate of positive temporal artery biopsies. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 27(1 Suppl. 52), S10-S13 (2009).
    • (2009) Clin. Exp. Rheumatol , vol.27 , Issue.52
    • Breuer, G.S.1    Nesher, R.2    Nesher, G.3
  • 55
    • 0032787603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of unilateral versus bilateral temporal artery biopsies for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis
    • Boyev LR, Miller NR, Green WR. Efficacy of unilateral versus bilateral temporal artery biopsies for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 128, 211-215 (1999).
    • (1999) Am. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.128 , pp. 211-215
    • Boyev, L.R.1    Miller, N.R.2    Green, W.R.3
  • 56
    • 78449289218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of temporal arteritis
    • Ball EL, Walsh SR, Tang TY, Gohil R, Clarke JM. Role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of temporal arteritis. Br. J. Surg. 97, 1765-1771 (2010).
    • (2010) Br. J. Surg. , vol.97 , pp. 1765-1771
    • Ball, E.L.1    Walsh, S.R.2    Tang, T.Y.3    Gohil, R.4    Clarke, J.M.5
  • 57
    • 77949538027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diagnostic value of ultrasonography-derived edema of the temporal artery wall in giant cell arteritis: A second meta-analysis
    • Arida A, Kyprianou M, Kanakis M, Sfikakis PP. The diagnostic value of ultrasonography-derived edema of the temporal artery wall in giant cell arteritis: a second meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 11, 44 (2010).
    • (2010) BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. , vol.1 , Issue.44
    • Arida, A.1    Kyprianou, M.2    Kanakis, M.3    Sfikakis, P.P.4
  • 58
    • 43049178437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of imaging studies in the diagnosis and follow-up of large-vessel vasculitis: An update
    • Pipitone N, Versari A, Salvarani C. Role of imaging studies in the diagnosis and follow-up of large-vessel vasculitis: an update. Rheumatology 47, 403-408 (2008).
    • (2008) Rheumatology , vol.47 , pp. 403-408
    • Pipitone, N.1    Versari, A.2    Salvarani, C.3
  • 59
    • 33947654880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-T MRI reveals cranial and thoracic inflammatory changes in giant cell arteritis
    • Bley TA, Uhl M, Venhoff N, Thoden J, Langer M, Markl M. 3-T MRI reveals cranial and thoracic inflammatory changes in giant cell arteritis. Clin. Rheumatol. 26, 448-450 (2007).
    • (2007) Clin. Rheumatol. , vol.26 , pp. 448-450
    • Bley, T.A.1    Uhl, M.2    Venhoff, N.3    Thoden, J.4    Langer, M.5    Markl, M.6
  • 60
    • 0037452455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Images in cardiovascular medicine. Generalized large vessel arteritis visualized by 18fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography
    • Wenger M, Gasser R, Donnemiller E et al. Images in cardiovascular medicine. Generalized large vessel arteritis visualized by 18fluorodeoxyglucose- positron emission tomography. Circulation 107(6), 923 (2003).
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , Issue.6 , pp. 923
    • Wenger, M.1    Gasser, R.2    Donnemiller, E.3
  • 61
    • 47849130611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the large vessels and late aortic diameter in giant cell arteritis
    • Oxford
    • Blockmans D, Coudyzer W, Vanderschueren S et al. Relationship between fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the large vessels and late aortic diameter in giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 47(8), 1179-1184 (2008).
    • (2008) Rheumatology , vol.47 , Issue.8 , pp. 1179-1184
    • Blockmans, D.1    Coudyzer, W.2    Vanderschueren, S.3
  • 62
    • 46749115193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of large-vessel involvement in giant cell arteritis with 18F-FDG PET: Introducing an ROC-analysis-based cutoff ratio
    • Hautzel H, Sander O, Heinzel A, Schneider M, Müller HW. Assessment of large-vessel involvement in giant cell arteritis with 18F-FDG PET: introducing an ROC-analysis-based cutoff ratio. J. Nucl. Med. 49, 1107-1113 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Nucl. Med. , vol.49 , pp. 1107-1113
    • Hautzel, H.1    Sander, O.2    Heinzel, A.3    Schneider, M.4    Müller, H.W.5
  • 64
    • 77951969629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BSR and BHPR guidelines for the management of polymyalgia rheumatica
    • Oxford
    • Dasgupta B, Borg FA, Hassan N et al. BSR and BHPR guidelines for the management of polymyalgia rheumatica. Rheumatology (Oxford) 49(1), 186-190 (2010).
    • (2010) Rheumatology , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 186-190
    • Dasgupta, B.1    Borg, F.A.2    Hassan, N.3
  • 66
    • 79051471670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can the prognosis of polymyalgia rheumatica be predicted at disease onset Results from a 5-year prospective study
    • Oxford
    • Mackie SL, Hensor EM, Haugeberg G, Bhakta B, Pease CT. Can the prognosis of polymyalgia rheumatica be predicted at disease onset? Results from a 5-year prospective study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 49, 716-722 (2010).
    • (2010) Rheumatology , vol.49 , pp. 716-722
    • MacKie, S.L.1    Hensor, E.M.2    Haugeberg, G.3    Bhakta, B.4    Pease, C.T.5
  • 67
    • 34250616261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical outcomes quality of life and diagnostic uncertainty in the first year of polymyalgia rheumatica
    • Hutchings A, Hollywood J, Lamping DL et al. Clinical outcomes, quality of life, and diagnostic uncertainty in the first year of polymyalgia rheumatica. Arthr. Rheum. 57(5), 803-809 (2007).
    • (2007) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.57 , Issue.5 , pp. 803-809
    • Hutchings, A.1    Hollywood, J.2    Lamping, D.L.3
  • 68
    • 0031902491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An initially double-blind controlled 96-week trial of depot methylprednisolone against oral prednisolone in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica
    • Dasgupta B, Dolan AL, Panayi GS, Fernandes L. An initially double-blind controlled 96-week trial of depot methylprednisolone against oral prednisolone in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica. Br. J. Rheumatol. 37(2), 189-195 (1998).
    • (1998) Br. J. Rheumatol , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-195
    • Dasgupta, B.1    Dolan, A.L.2    Panayi, G.S.3    Fernandes, L.4
  • 69
    • 33750370542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of giant cell arteritis using induction therapy with high-dose glucocorticoids: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized prospective clinical trial
    • Mazlumzadeh M, Hunder GG, Easley KA et al. Treatment of giant cell arteritis using induction therapy with high-dose glucocorticoids: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized prospective clinical trial. Arthr. Rheum. 54, 3310-3318 (2006).
    • (2006) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.54 , pp. 3310-3318
    • Mazlumzadeh, M.1    Hunder, G.G.2    Easley, K.A.3
  • 70
    • 78650550226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate treatment in large vessel vasculitis and polymyalgia rheumatica
    • Spies CM, Burmester GR, Buttgereit F. Methotrexate treatment in large vessel vasculitis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 28(5 Suppl. 61), S172-S177 (2010).
    • (2010) Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. , vol.28 , Issue.61
    • Spies, C.M.1    Burmester, G.R.2    Buttgereit, F.3
  • 71
    • 34547733910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjunctive methotrexate for treatment of giant cell arteritis: An individual patient data meta-analysis
    • Mahr AD, Jover JA, Spiera RF et al. Adjunctive methotrexate for treatment of giant cell arteritis: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Arthr. Rheum. 56, 2789-2797 (2007).
    • (2007) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.56 , pp. 2789-2797
    • Mahr, A.D.1    Jover, J.A.2    Spiera, R.F.3
  • 72
    • 0022578244 scopus 로고
    • Azathioprine in giant cell arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica: A double-blind study
    • De Silva M, Hazleman BL. Azathioprine in giant cell arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica: a double-blind study. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 45, 136-138 (1986).
    • (1986) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.45 , pp. 136-138
    • De Silva, M.1    Hazleman, B.L.2
  • 73
    • 0031854423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No additive effect of cyclosporin A compared with glucocorticoid treatment alone in giant cell arteritis: Results of an open controlled randomized study
    • Schaufelberger C, Andersson R, Nordborg E. No additive effect of cyclosporin A compared with glucocorticoid treatment alone in giant cell arteritis: results of an open, controlled, randomized study. Br. J. Rheumatol. 37, 464-465 (1998).
    • (1998) Br. J. Rheumatol. , vol.37 , pp. 464-465
    • Schaufelberger, C.1    Andersson, R.2    Nordborg, E.3
  • 75
    • 80051721851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adding hydroxychloroquine to prednisone does not improve the outcome in giant cell arteritis a double blind randomized controlled trial
    • Sailler L, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Geffray L et al. Adding hydroxychloroquine to prednisone does not improve the outcome in giant cell arteritis. A double blind randomized controlled trial. Arthr. Rheum. 61, S1972 (2009).
    • (2009) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.61
    • Sailler, L.1    Lapeyre-Mestre, M.2    Geffray, L.3
  • 76
    • 34248351219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infliximab for maintenance of glucocorticosteroid-induced remission of giant cell arteritis
    • Hoffman GS, Cid MC, Rendt-Zagar KE et al. Infliximab for maintenance of glucocorticosteroid-induced remission of giant cell arteritis. Ann. Intern. Med. 146, 621-630 (2007).
    • (2007) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.146 , pp. 621-630
    • Hoffman, G.S.1    Cid, M.C.2    Rendt-Zagar, K.E.3
  • 77
    • 34248375722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infliximab plus prednisone or placebo plus prednisone for the initial treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica: A randomized trial
    • Salvarani C, Macchioni P, Manzini C et al. Infliximab plus prednisone or placebo plus prednisone for the initial treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 146(9), 631-639 (2007).
    • (2007) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.146 , Issue.9 , pp. 631-639
    • Salvarani, C.1    MacChioni, P.2    Manzini, C.3
  • 78
    • 77956634308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of etanercept in polymyalgia rheumatica: A randomized controlled trial
    • Kreiner F, Galbo H. Effect of etanercept in polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized controlled trial. Arthr. Res. Ther. 12, R176 (2010).
    • (2010) Arthr. Res. Ther. , vol.12
    • Kreiner, F.1    Galbo, H.2
  • 79
    • 37349129647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of refractory polymyalgia rheumatica with etanercept: An open pilot study
    • Catanoso MG, Macchioni P, Boiardi L, Pipitone N, Salvarani C. Treatment of refractory polymyalgia rheumatica with etanercept: an open pilot study. Arthr. Rheum. 57(8), 1514-1519 (2007).
    • (2007) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.57 , Issue.8 , pp. 1514-1519
    • Catanoso, M.G.1    MacChioni, P.2    Boiardi, L.3    Pipitone, N.4    Salvarani, C.5
  • 80
    • 42449142953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind placebo controlled trial of etanercept in patients with giant cell arteritis and corticosteroid side effects
    • Martínez-Taboada VM, Rodríguez-Valverde V, Carreño L et al. A double-blind placebo controlled trial of etanercept in patients with giant cell arteritis and corticosteroid side effects. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 67(5), 625-630 (2008).
    • (2008) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.67 , Issue.5 , pp. 625-630
    • Martínez-Taboada, V.M.1    Rodríguez-Valverde, V.2    Carreño, L.3
  • 81
    • 34547567864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The first case of a patient with neutropenia and giant-cell arteritis treated with rituximab
    • Mayrbaeurl B, Hinterreiter M, Burgstaller S, Windpessl M, Thaler J. The first case of a patient with neutropenia and giant-cell arteritis treated with rituximab. Clin. Rheumatol. 26(9), 1597-1598 (2007).
    • (2007) Clin. Rheumatol. , vol.26 , Issue.9 , pp. 1597-1598
    • Mayrbaeurl, B.1    Hinterreiter, M.2    Burgstaller, S.3    Windpessl, M.4    Thaler, J.5
  • 82
    • 21344460261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab as an adjunct in the treatment of giant cell arteritis
    • Bhatia A, Ell PJ, Edwards JC. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) as an adjunct in the treatment of giant cell arteritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 64(7), 1099-1100 (2005).
    • (2005) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.64 , Issue.7 , pp. 1099-1100
    • Bhatia, A.1    Ell, P.J.2    Edwards, J.C.3
  • 83
    • 61349084973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High incidence of severe ischaemic complications in patients with giant cell arteritis irrespective of platelet count and size and platelet inhibition
    • Berger CT, Wolbers M, Meyer P, Daikeler T, Hess C. High incidence of severe ischaemic complications in patients with giant cell arteritis irrespective of platelet count and size, and platelet inhibition. Rheumatology 48, 258-261 (2009).
    • (2009) Rheumatology , vol.48 , pp. 258-261
    • Berger, C.T.1    Wolbers, M.2    Meyer, P.3    Daikeler, T.4    Hess, C.5
  • 84
    • 52049107418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of antiplatelet therapy in the development of severe ischemic complications and in the outcome of patients with giant cell arteritis
    • Narváez J, Bernad B, Gómez-Vaquero C et al. Impact of antiplatelet therapy in the development of severe ischemic complications and in the outcome of patients with giant cell arteritis. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 26(3 Suppl. 49), S57-S62 (2008).
    • (2008) Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. , vol.26 , Issue.49
    • Narváez, J.1    Bernad, B.2    Gómez-Vaquero, C.3
  • 85
    • 33750337784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in patients with giant cell arteritis
    • Lee MS, Smith SD, Galor A, Hoffman GS. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in patients with giant cell arteritis. Arthr. Rheum. 54, 3306-3309 (2006).
    • (2006) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.54 , pp. 3306-3309
    • Lee, M.S.1    Smith, S.D.2    Galor, A.3    Hoffman, G.S.4
  • 86
    • 1842632375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose aspirin and prevention of cranial ischemic complications in giant cell arteritis
    • Nesher G, Berkun Y, Mates M, Baras M, Rubinow A, Sonnenblick M. Low-dose aspirin and prevention of cranial ischemic complications in giant cell arteritis. Arthr. Rheum. 50, 1332-1337 (2004).
    • (2004) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.50 , pp. 1332-1337
    • Nesher, G.1    Berkun, Y.2    Mates, M.3    Baras, M.4    Rubinow, A.5    Sonnenblick, M.6
  • 88
    • 48949117135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of polymyalgia rheumatica patients treated with methotrexate and steroids
    • Cimmino MA, Salvarani C, Macchioni P et al. Long-term follow-up of polymyalgia rheumatica patients treated with methotrexate and steroids. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 26, 395-400 (2008).
    • (2008) Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. , vol.26 , pp. 395-400
    • Cimmino, M.A.1    Salvarani, C.2    MacChioni, P.3
  • 90
    • 0030848120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR at presentation is a prognostic indicator for duration of treatment in polymyalgia rheumatica PMR
    • Pountain G, Hazleman B. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at presentation is a prognostic indicator for duration of treatment in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) Br. J. Rheumatol. 36(4), 508-509 (1997).
    • (1997) Br. J. Rheumatol. , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 508-509
    • Pountain, G.1    Hazleman, B.2
  • 91
    • 0030732344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of inflammation and treatment on bone turnover and bone mass in polymyalgia rheumatica
    • Dolan AL, Moniz C, Dasgupta B et al. Effects of inflammation and treatment on bone turnover and bone mass in polymyalgia rheumatica. Arthr. Rheum. 40(11), 2022-2029 (1997).
    • (1997) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.40 , Issue.11 , pp. 2022-2029
    • Dolan, A.L.1    Moniz, C.2    Dasgupta, B.3
  • 92
    • 49549090445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum interleukin-6 receptor in polymyalgia rheumatica: A potential marker of relapse/recurrence risk
    • Pulsatelli L, Boiardi L, Pignotti E et al. Serum interleukin-6 receptor in polymyalgia rheumatica: a potential marker of relapse/recurrence risk. Arthr. Rheum. 59(8), 1147-1154 (2008).
    • (2008) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.59 , Issue.8 , pp. 1147-1154
    • Pulsatelli, L.1    Boiardi, L.2    Pignotti, E.3
  • 93
    • 13444294248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute-phase reactants and the risk of relapse/recurrence in polymyalgia rheumatica: A prospective followup study
    • Salvarani C, Cantini F, Niccoli L et al. Acute-phase reactants and the risk of relapse/recurrence in polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective followup study. Arthr. Rheum. 53, 33-38 (2005).
    • (2005) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.53 , pp. 33-38
    • Salvarani, C.1    Cantini, F.2    Niccoli, L.3
  • 94
    • 0029023347 scopus 로고
    • The CRP initial response to treatment as prognostic factor in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica
    • Schreiber S, Buyse M. The CRP initial response to treatment as prognostic factor in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. Clin. Rheumatol. 14(3), 315-318 (1995).
    • (1995) Clin. Rheumatol. , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 315-318
    • Schreiber, S.1    Buyse, M.2
  • 96
    • 67650917094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of disease activity of systemic vasculitides in clinical practice
    • Dejaco C, Wipfler-Freißmuth E, Duftner C, Schirmer M. Assessment of disease activity of systemic vasculitides in clinical practice. Aktuel. Rheumatol. 34, 180-185 (2009).
    • (2009) Aktuel. Rheumatol. , vol.34 , pp. 180-185
    • Dejaco, C.1    Wipfler-Freißmuth, E.2    Duftner, C.3    Schirmer, M.4
  • 98
    • 43049180068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is intimal hyperplasia a marker of neuro-ophthalmic complications of giant cell arteritis
    • Makkuni D, Bharadwaj A, Wolfe K et al. Is intimal hyperplasia a marker of neuro-ophthalmic complications of giant cell arteritis? Rheumatology 47, 488-490 (2008).
    • (2008) Rheumatology , vol.47 , pp. 488-490
    • Makkuni, D.1    Bharadwaj, A.2    Wolfe, K.3
  • 99
    • 58349121020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathological features of temporal arteries in patients with giant cell arteritis presenting with permanent visual loss
    • Chatelain D, Duhaut P, Schmidt J et al. Pathological features of temporal arteries in patients with giant cell arteritis presenting with permanent visual loss. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68, 84-88 (2009).
    • (2009) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.68 , pp. 84-88
    • Chatelain, D.1    Duhaut, P.2    Schmidt, J.3
  • 100
    • 17244363866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for visual loss in an Italian population-based cohort of patients with giant cell arteritis
    • Salvarani C, Cimino L, Macchioni P et al. Risk factors for visual loss in an Italian population-based cohort of patients with giant cell arteritis. Arthr. Rheum. 53, 293-297 (2005).
    • (2005) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.53 , pp. 293-297
    • Salvarani, C.1    Cimino, L.2    MacChioni, P.3
  • 102
    • 1942486258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for cranial ischemic complications in giant cell arteritis
    • Nesher G, Berkun Y, Mates M et al. Risk factors for cranial ischemic complications in giant cell arteritis. Medicine 83, 114-122 (2004).
    • (2004) Medicine , vol.83 , pp. 114-122
    • Nesher, G.1    Berkun, Y.2    Mates, M.3
  • 103
    • 0033814348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual manifestations of giant cell arteritis: Trends and clinical spectrum in 161 patients
    • Gonzalez-Gay MA, Garcia-Porrua C, Llorca J et al. Visual manifestations of giant cell arteritis: trends and clinical spectrum in 161 patients. Medicine 79, 283-292 (2000).
    • (2000) Medicine , vol.79 , pp. 283-292
    • Gonzalez-Gay, M.A.1    Garcia-Porrua, C.2    Llorca, J.3
  • 104
    • 63249114575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do temporal artery duplex ultrasound findings correlate with ophthalmic complications in giant cell arteritis
    • Schmidt WA, Krause A, Schicke B, Kuchenbecker J, Gromnica-Ihle E. Do temporal artery duplex ultrasound findings correlate with ophthalmic complications in giant cell arteritis? Rheumatology 48, 383-385 (2009).
    • (2009) Rheumatology , vol.48 , pp. 383-385
    • Schmidt, W.A.1    Krause, A.2    Schicke, B.3    Kuchenbecker, J.4    Gromnica-Ihle, E.5
  • 105
    • 79951513895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Definition of remission and relapse in polymyalgia rheumatica: Data from a literature search compared with a Delphi-based expert consensus
    • Dejaco C, Duftner C, Cimmino MA et al. Definition of remission and relapse in polymyalgia rheumatica: data from a literature search compared with a Delphi-based expert consensus. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 70, 447-453 (2011).
    • (2011) Ann. Rheum. Dis , vol.70 , pp. 447-453
    • Dejaco, C.1    Duftner, C.2    Cimmino, M.A.3
  • 106
    • 0346252452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory investigations useful in giant cell arteritis and Takayasus arteritis
    • Salvarani C, Cantini F, Boiardi L, Hunder GG. Laboratory investigations useful in giant cell arteritis and Takayasu's arteritis. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 21(Suppl. 32), S23-S28 (2003).
    • (2003) Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. , vol.21 , Issue.32
    • Salvarani, C.1    Cantini, F.2    Boiardi, L.3    Hunder, G.G.4
  • 107
    • 75649103499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal examination with shoulder ultrasound of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica
    • Macchioni P, Catanoso MG, Pipitone N, Boiardi L, Salvarani C. Longitudinal examination with shoulder ultrasound of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. Rheumatology 48, 1566-1569 (2009).
    • (2009) Rheumatology , vol.48 , pp. 1566-1569
    • MacChioni, P.1    Catanoso, M.G.2    Pipitone, N.3    Boiardi, L.4    Salvarani, C.5
  • 108
    • 77951618629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonographic monitoring of response to therapy in polymyalgia rheumatica
    • Jiménez-Palop M, Naredo E, Humbrado L et al. Ultrasonographic monitoring of response to therapy in polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 69, 879-882 (2010).
    • (2010) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.69 , pp. 879-882
    • Jiménez-Palop, M.1    Naredo, E.2    Humbrado, L.3
  • 109
    • 77955000658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular involvement in patients with giant cell arteritis determined by duplex sonography of 2 × 11 arterial regions
    • Aschwanden M, Kesten F, Stern M et al. Vascular involvement in patients with giant cell arteritis determined by duplex sonography of 2 × 11 arterial regions. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 69, 1356-1359 (2010).
    • (2010) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.69 , pp. 1356-1359
    • Aschwanden, M.1    Kesten, F.2    Stern, M.3
  • 110
    • 37349051489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mural inflammatory hyperenhancement in MRI of giant cell temporal arteritis resolves under corticosteroid treatment
    • Bley TA, Markl M, Schelp M et al. Mural inflammatory hyperenhancement in MRI of giant cell (temporal) arteritis resolves under corticosteroid treatment. Rheumatology 47, 65-67 (2008).
    • (2008) Rheumatology , vol.47 , pp. 65-67
    • Bley, T.A.1    Markl, M.2    Schelp, M.3
  • 111
    • 14244265859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giant cell arteritis and cardiovascular disease in older adults
    • Ray JG, Mamdani MM, Geerts WH. Giant cell arteritis and cardiovascular disease in older adults. Heart 91, 324-328 (2005).
    • (2005) Heart , vol.91 , pp. 324-328
    • Ray, J.G.1    Mamdani, M.M.2    Geerts, W.H.3
  • 112
    • 31944445952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of cardiovascular events in giant cell arteritis: Preliminary results of a prospective double cohort study GRACG
    • Le Page L, Duhaut P, Seydoux D et al. Incidence of cardiovascular events in giant cell arteritis: preliminary results of a prospective double cohort study (GRACG).Rev. Med. Interne. 27, 98-105 (2006).
    • (2006) Rev. Med. Interne. , vol.27 , pp. 98-105
    • Le Page, L.1    Duhaut, P.2    Seydoux, D.3
  • 113
    • 66249099532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral arterial disease in polymyalgia rheumatica
    • Borg FA, Dasgupta B. Peripheral arterial disease in polymyalgia rheumatica. Arthr. Res. Ther. 11, 111 (2009).
    • (2009) Arthr. Res. Ther. , vol.11 , pp. 111
    • Borg, F.A.1    Dasgupta, B.2
  • 114
    • 77953504751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer risk in patients hospitalized with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: A follow-up study in Sweden
    • Ji J, Liu X, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Hemminki K. Cancer risk in patients hospitalized with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: a follow-up study in Sweden. Rheumatology 49, 1158-1163 (2010).
    • (2010) Rheumatology , vol.49 , pp. 1158-1163
    • Ji, J.1    Liu, X.2    Sundquist, K.3    Sundquist, J.4    Hemminki, K.5
  • 116
    • 79952479721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of cancer in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis
    • Hill CL, Cole A, Rischmueller M et al. Risk of cancer in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology 49, 756-759 (2010).
    • (2010) Rheumatology , vol.49 , pp. 756-759
    • Hill, C.L.1    Cole, A.2    Rischmueller, M.3
  • 117
    • 75749111003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malignancy risk in patients with giant cell arteritis: A population-based cohort study
    • Kermani TA, Schäfer VS, Crowson CS et al. Malignancy risk in patients with giant cell arteritis: a population-based cohort study. Arthr. Care. Res. 62, 149-154 (2010).
    • (2010) Arthr. Care. Res. , vol.62 , pp. 149-154
    • Kermani, T.A.1    Schäfer, V.S.2    Crowson, C.S.3
  • 119
    • 0142063451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid therapy in giant cell arteritis: Duration and treatment outcomes
    • Proven A, Gabriel SE, Orces C, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG. Glucocorticoid therapy in giant cell arteritis: duration and treatment outcomes. Arthr. Rheum. 49, 703-708 (2003).
    • (2003) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.49 , pp. 703-708
    • Proven, A.1    Gabriel, S.E.2    Orces, C.3    O'Fallon, W.M.4    Hunder, G.G.5
  • 120
    • 0030846856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse outcomes of anti-inflammatory therapy among patients with polymyalgia rheumatica
    • Gabriel SE, Sunku J, Salvarani C, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG. Adverse outcomes of anti-inflammatory therapy among patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. Arthr. Rheum. 40, 1873-1878 (1997).
    • (1997) Arthr. Rheum. , vol.40 , pp. 1873-1878
    • Gabriel, S.E.1    Sunku, J.2    Salvarani, C.3    O'Fallon, W.M.4    Hunder, G.G.5
  • 121
    • 0345643321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of polymyalgia rheumatica in northwestern Spain: Incidence and analysis of variables associated with relapse in a 10 year study
    • Gonzalez-Gay MA, Garcia-Porrua C, Vazquez-Caruncho M, Dababneh A, Hajeer A, Ollier WE. The spectrum of polymyalgia rheumatica in northwestern Spain: incidence and analysis of variables associated with relapse in a 10 year study. J. Rheumatol. 26, 1326-1332 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Rheumatol. , vol.26 , pp. 1326-1332
    • Gonzalez-Gay, M.A.1    Garcia-Porrua, C.2    Vazquez-Caruncho, M.3    Dababneh, A.4    Hajeer, A.5    Ollier, W.E.6
  • 122
    • 72249120351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse events of low- to medium-dose oral glucocorticoids in inflammatory diseases: A meta-analysis
    • Hoes JN, Jacobs JW, Verstappen SM, Bijlsma JW, Van der Heijden GJ. Adverse events of low- to medium-dose oral glucocorticoids in inflammatory diseases: a meta-analysis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68, 1833-1838 (2009).
    • (2009) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.68 , pp. 1833-1838
    • Hoes, J.N.1    Jacobs, J.W.2    Verstappen, S.M.3    Bijlsma, J.W.4    Van Der Heijden, G.J.5
  • 125
    • 79953147890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nomenclature and classification of vasculitis-update on the ACR/EULAR diagnosis and classification of vasculitis study DCVAS
    • Luqmani RA, Suppiah R, Grayson PC, Merkel PA, Watts R. Nomenclature and classification of vasculitis-update on the ACR/EULAR diagnosis and classification of vasculitis study (DCVAS).Clin. Exp. Immunol. 164(Suppl. 1), 11-13 (2011).
    • (2011) Clin. Exp. Immunol. , vol.164 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-13
    • Luqmani, R.A.1    Suppiah, R.2    Grayson, P.C.3    Merkel, P.A.4    Watts, R.5
  • 126
    • 77951831490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More night than day-circadian rhythms in polymyalgia rheumatica and ankylosing spondylitis
    • Spies CM, Cutolo M, Straub RH, Burmester GR, Buttgereit F. More night than day-circadian rhythms in polymyalgia rheumatica and ankylosing spondylitis. J. Rheumatol. 37, 894-899 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Rheumatol. , vol.37 , pp. 894-899
    • Spies, C.M.1    Cutolo, M.2    Straub, R.H.3    Burmester, G.R.4    Buttgereit, F.5
  • 127
    • 77951783966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tocilizumab ameliorates clinical symptoms in polymyalgia rheumatica
    • Hagihara K, Kawase I, Tanaka T, Kishimoto T. Tocilizumab ameliorates clinical symptoms in polymyalgia rheumatica. J. Rheumatol. 37, 1075-1076 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Rheumatol. , vol.37 , pp. 1075-1076
    • Hagihara, K.1    Kawase, I.2    Tanaka, T.3    Kishimoto, T.4
  • 129
    • 79251563204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blocking the NOTCH pathway inhibits vascular inflammation in large-vessel vasculitis
    • Piggott K, Deng J, Warrington K et al. Blocking the NOTCH pathway inhibits vascular inflammation in large-vessel vasculitis. Circulation 123, 309-318 (2011).
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.123 , pp. 309-318
    • Piggott, K.1    Deng, J.2    Warrington, K.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.