Intraoperative assessment of biliary anatomy for prevention of bile duct injury: A review of current and future patient safety interventions

Surgical Endoscopy

Volumn 25, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 2449-2461

  Buddingh, K Tim ^a   Nieuwenhuijs, Vincent B ^a   Van Buuren, Lianne ^a   Hulscher, Jan B F ^a   De Jong, Johannes S ^a   Van Dam, Gooitzen M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

CBD; Cholecystectomy; Common bile duct; Complications

Indexed keywords

ANATOMY; BILE DUCT INJURY; CHOLANGIOGRAPHY; CHOLECYSTECTOMY; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DYE CHOLANGIOGRAPHY; HUMAN; HYPERSPECTRAL CHOLANGIOGRAPHY; IMAGE QUALITY; INFUSION CHOLANGIOGRAPHY; LEARNING CURVE; LIGHT CHOLANGIOGRAPHY; NEAR INFRARED FLUORESCENCE CHOLANGIOGRAPHY; NON INVASIVE PROCEDURE; OPERATION DURATION; PASSIVE INFRARED CHOLANGIOGRAPHY; PATIENT SAFETY; PEROPERATIVE CARE; PEROPERATIVE CHOLANGIOGRAPHY; PEROPERATIVE ECHOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 80051674097     PISSN: 09302794     EISSN: 14322218     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00464-011-1639-8     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Graves EJ, Owings MF (1997) 1995 summary: National Hospital Discharge Survey. Adv Data 1-10
2. G Nuzzo F Giuliante I Giovannini F Ardito F D'Acapito M Vellone M Murazio G Capelli 2005 Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: results of an Italian national survey on 56, 591 cholecystectomies Arch Surg 140 986 992 16230550 10.1001/archsurg.140.10.986 (Pubitemid 41464467)
3. H Bektas H Schrem M Winny J Klempnauer 2007 Surgical treatment and outcome of iatrogenic bile duct lesions after cholecystectomy and the impact of different clinical classification systems Br J Surg 94 1119 1127 17497652 10.1002/bjs.5752 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2svptFeitg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 350082859)
4. PR de Reuver EA Rauws MJ Bruno JS Lameris OR Busch TM van Gulik DJ Gouma 2007 Survival in bile duct injury patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a multidisciplinary approach of gastroenterologists, radiologists, and surgeons Surgery 142 1 9 17629994 10.1016/j.surg.2007.03.004 (Pubitemid 47042098)
5. PR de Reuver I Grossmann OR Busch H Obertop TM van Gulik DJ Gouma 2007 Referral pattern and timing of repair are risk factors for complications after reconstructive surgery for bile duct injury Ann Surg 245 763 770 17457169 10.1097/01.sla.0000252442.91839.44 (Pubitemid 46684106)
6. J Gigot J Etienne R Aerts E Wibin B Dallemagne F Deweer D Fortunati M Legrand L Vereecken J Doumont P Van Reepinghen C Beguin 1997 The dramatic reality of biliary tract injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. An anonymous multicenter Belgian survey of 65 patients Surg Endosc 11 1171 1178 9373288 10.1007/s004649900563 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FktlKltA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 127524453)
7. KA Kern 1997 Malpractice litigation involving laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Cost, cause, and consequences Arch Surg 132 392 397 9108760 1:STN:280:DyaK2s3mt1CktA%3D%3D
8. PR de Reuver MA Sprangers EA Rauws JS Lameris OR Busch TM van Gulik DJ Gouma 2008 Impact of bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy on quality of life: a longitudinal study after multidisciplinary treatment Endoscopy 40 637 643 18680076 10.1055/s-2008-1077444
9. B Alkhaffaf B Decadt 2010 15 years of litigation following laparoscopic cholecystectomy in England Ann Surg 251 682 685 20224377 10.1097/SLA. 0b013e3181cc99fd
10. PR de Reuver J Wind JE Cremers OR Busch TM van Gulik DJ Gouma 2008 Litigation after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an evaluation of the Dutch arbitration system for medical malpractice J Am Coll Surg 206 328 334 18222388 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.08.004
11. LW Way L Stewart W Gantert K Liu CM Lee K Whang JG Hunter 2003 Causes and prevention of laparoscopic bile duct injuries: analysis of 252 cases from a human factors and cognitive psychology perspective Ann Surg 237 460 469 12677139 (Pubitemid 38176423)
12. D Olsen 1997 Bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy Surg Endosc 11 133 138 9069144 10.1007/s004649900315 1:STN:280:DyaK2s3it1Gjsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 127523124)
13. WC Meyers DS Peterseim TN Pappas PR Schauer S Eubanks E Murray P Suhocki 1996 Low insertion of hepatic segmental duct VII-VIII is an important cause of major biliary injury or misdiagnosis Am J Surg 171 187 191 8554138 10.1016/S0002-9610(99)80097-X 1:STN:280:DyaK287kt1Wisg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 26028217)
14. SM Strasberg M Hertl NJ Soper 1995 An analysis of the problem of biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy J Am Coll Surg 180 101 125 8000648 1:STN:280:DyaK2M%2FptlOhuw%3D%3D
15. P Plaisier M Pauwels J Lange 2001 Quality control in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: operation notes, video or photo print? HPB (Oxford) 3 197 199 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1c7ntlyjsQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 34149999)
16. C Avgerinos D Kelgiorgi Z Touloumis L Baltatzi C Dervenis 2009 One thousand laparoscopic cholecystectomies in a single surgical unit using the "critical view of safety" technique J Gastrointest Surg 13 498 503 19009323 10.1007/s11605-008-0748-8 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1M7nslOqtQ%3D%3D
17. S Yegiyants JC Collins 2008 Operative strategy can reduce the incidence of major bile duct injury in laparoscopic cholecystectomy Am Surg 74 985 987 18942628
18. P Sanjay JL Fulke DJ Exon 2010 'Critical view of safety' as an alternative to routine intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute biliary pathology J Gastrointest Surg 14 8 1280 1284 20535578 10.1007/s11605-010-1251-6
19. A Rawlings SE Hodgett BD Matthews SM Strasberg M Quasebarth LM Brunt 2010 Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: initial experience with critical view of safety dissection and routine intraoperative cholangiography J Am Coll Surg 211 1 7 20610242 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.02.038
20. Y Yamashita T Kimura S Matsumoto 2010 A safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy depends upon the establishment of a critical view of safety Surg Today 40 507 513 20496131 10.1007/s00595-009-4218-z
21. SM Strasberg LM Brunt 2010 Rationale and use of the critical view of safety in laparoscopic cholecystectomy J Am Coll Surg 211 132 138 20610259 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.02.053
22. MP Callery 2006 Avoiding biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: technical considerations Surg Endosc 20 1654 1658 17063288 10.1007/s00464-006-0488-3 1:STN:280:DC%2BD28nlslOlsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 44715524)
23. E Elakkary K Ching MJ Jacobs 2006 Spiral cystic duct: beware JSLS 10 514 516 17575770
24. SM Strasberg 2002 Avoidance of biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 9 543 547 12541037 10.1007/s005340200071 (Pubitemid 36305097)
25. BV MacFadyen 2006 Intraoperative cholangiography: past, present, and future Surg Endosc 20 Suppl 2 S436 S440 16557418 10.1007/s00464-006-0053-0
26. GV Stiegmann NJ Soper CJ Filipi RC McIntyre MP Callery JF Cordova 1995 Laparoscopic ultrasonography as compared with static or dynamic cholangiography at laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A prospective multicenter trial Surg Endosc 9 1269 1273 8629207 10.1007/BF00190157 1:STN:280:DyaK287ptlaltw%3D%3D
27. E Debru A Dawson S Leibman M Richardson L Glen J Hollinshead GL Falk 2005 Does routine intraoperative cholangiography prevent bile duct transection? Surg Endosc 19 589 593 15759189 10.1007/s00464-004-8711-6 1:STN:280: DC%2BD2MzhtF2htQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 40903120)
28. P Videhult G Sandblom IC Rasmussen 2009 How reliable is intraoperative cholangiography as a method for detecting common bile duct stones? A prospective population-based study on 1171 patients Surg Endosc 23 304 312 18398646 10.1007/s00464-008-9883-2
29. NN Massarweh DR Flum 2007 Role of intraoperative cholangiography in avoiding bile duct injury J Am Coll Surg 204 656 664 17382226 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.01.038 (Pubitemid 46428579)
30. MS Hobbs Q Mai MW Knuiman DR Fletcher SC Ridout 2006 Surgeon experience and trends in intraoperative complications in laparoscopic cholecystectomy Br J Surg 93 844 853 16671070 10.1002/bjs.5333 1:STN:280:DC%2BD28znsVGquw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 44035257)
31. DR Flum EP Dellinger A Cheadle L Chan T Koepsell 2003 Intraoperative cholangiography and risk of common bile duct injury during cholecystectomy JAMA 289 1639 1644 12672731 10.1001/jama.289.13.1639 (Pubitemid 37430268)
32. DR Flum T Koepsell P Heagerty M Sinanan EP Dellinger 2001 Common bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the use of intraoperative cholangiography: adverse outcome or preventable error? Arch Surg 136 1287 1292 11695975 10.1001/archsurg.136.11.1287 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2FivVKjsA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 33043517)
33. A Waage M Nilsson 2006 Iatrogenic bile duct injury: a population-based study of 152, 776 cholecystectomies in the Swedish Inpatient Registry Arch Surg 141 1207 1213 17178963 10.1001/archsurg.141.12.1207 (Pubitemid 44956636)
34. K Z'graggen H Wehrli A Metzger M Buehler E Frei C Klaiber 1998 Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Switzerland. A prospective 3-year study of 10, 174 patients. Swiss Association of Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery Surg Endosc 12 1303 1310 9788852 10.1007/s004649900846 (Pubitemid 128531252)
35. U Giger M Ouaissi SF Schmitz S Krahenbuhl L Krahenbuhl 2011 Bile duct injury and use of cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy Br J Surg 98 3 391 396 21254014 10.1002/bjs.7335 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3M7jsFGjsA%3D%3D
36. MS Metcalfe T Ong MH Bruening H Iswariah SA Wemyss-Holden GJ Maddern 2004 Is laparoscopic intraoperative cholangiogram a matter of routine? Am J Surg 187 475 481 15041494 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2003.12.047 (Pubitemid 38373800)
37. MA Talamini 2003 Routine vs selective intraoperative cholangiography during cholecystectomy JAMA 289 1691 1692 12672738 10.1001/jama.289.13.1691 (Pubitemid 37430275)
38. G El Shallaly C Seow C Sharp A Mughrabi AH Nassar 2005 Intraoperative cholangiography time in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: timing the radiographer Surg Endosc 19 1370 1372 16228860 10.1007/s00464-004-2242-z 1:STN:280: DC%2BD2Mrlt1Cgtg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 41456125)
39. HS Khaira PC Ridings RH Gompertz 1999 Routine laparoscopic cholangiography: a means of avoiding unnecessary endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography J Laparoendosc Adv SurgTech A 9 17 22 10.1089/lap.1999.9.17 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3htVGqsA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29136024)
40. F Piacentini S Perri F Pietrangeli M Nardi Jr A Dalla Torre A Nicita R Lotti P Castaldo F Gabbrielli D Castiglia G Citone 2003 Intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: selective or routine? G Chir 24 123 128 12886750 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3szlsVyjsw%3D%3D
41. A Karthikesalingam SR Markar R Weerakkody SR Walsh N Carroll RK Praseedom 2009 Radiation exposure during laparoscopic cholecystectomy with routine intraoperative cholangiography Surg Endosc 23 1845 1848 19118424 10.1007/s00464-008-0279-0 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1MvotlOmsg%3D%3D
42. M Molloy RH Bower PO Hasselgren BJ Dalton 1999 Cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy-cumulative sum analysis of an institutional learning curve J Gastrointest Surg 3 185 188 10457344 10.1016/S1091-255X(99) 80031-6 1:STN:280:DyaK1MzovVajsg%3D%3D
43. DR Flum C Flowers DL Veenstra 2003 A cost-effectiveness analysis of intraoperative cholangiography in the prevention of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy J Am Coll Surg 196 385 393 12648690 10.1016/S1072-7515(02)01806-9 (Pubitemid 36343639)
44. J Machi T Tateishi AJ Oishi NL Furumoto RH Oishi S Uchida B Sigel 1999 Laparoscopic ultrasonography versus operative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: review of the literature and a comparison with open intraoperative ultrasonography J Am Coll Surg 188 360 367 10195719 10.1016/S1072-7515(98)00313-5 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3htVSqtg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29162693)
45. J Catheline N Rizk G Champault 1999 A comparison of laparoscopic ultrasound versus cholangiography in the evaluation of the biliary tree during laparoscopic cholecystectomy Eur J Ultrasound 10 1 9 10502634 10.1016/S0929-8266(99)00028-2 1:STN:280:DyaK1MvjsVejtQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29447681)
46. WL Biffl EE Moore PJ Offner RJ Franciose JM Burch 2001 Routine intraoperative laparoscopic ultrasonography with selective cholangiography reduces bile duct complications during laparoscopic cholecystectomy J Am Coll Surg 193 272 280 11548797 10.1016/S1072-7515(01)00991-7 1:STN:280: DC%2BD3MvpvFymtw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32834763)
47. JM Catheline R Turner J Paries 2002 Laparoscopic ultrasonography is a complement to cholangiography for the detection of choledocholithiasis at laparoscopic cholecystectomy Br J Surg 89 1235 1239 12296889 10.1046/j.1365-2168.2002.02198.x 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38nivFWrtA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 36002539)
48. K Hakamada S Narumi Y Toyoki M Nara M Oohashi T Miura H Jin S Yoshihara M Sugai M Sasaki 2008 Intraoperative ultrasound as an educational guide for laparoscopic biliary surgery World J Gastroenterol 14 2370 2376 18416464 10.3748/wjg.14.2370 (Pubitemid 351877608)
49. T Kimura Y Umehara M Yoshida S Sakuramachi A Kawabe K Suzuki 1999 Laparoscopic ultrasonography and operative cholangiography prevent residual common bile duct stones in laparoscopic cholecystectomy Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 9 124 128 11757539 10.1097/00019509-199904000-00009 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2FjtFyrug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29153346)
50. J Machi AJ Oishi T Tajiri KM Murayama NL Furumoto RH Oishi 2007 Routine laparoscopic ultrasound can significantly reduce the need for selective intraoperative cholangiography during cholecystectomy Surg Endosc 21 270 274 17122981 10.1007/s00464-005-0817-y 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2s%2Fit1Orsg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 46122416)
51. J Machi JO Johnson DJ Deziel NJ Soper E Berber A Siperstein M Hata A Patel K Singh ME Arregui 2009 The routine use of laparoscopic ultrasound decreases bile duct injury: a multicenter study Surg Endosc 23 384 388 18528611 10.1007/s00464-008-9985-x
52. RP Onders PT Hallowell 2005 The era of ultrasonography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy Am J Surg 189 348 351 15792767 10.1016/j.amjsurg. 2004.11.019 (Pubitemid 40431962)
53. KA Perry JA Myers DJ Deziel 2008 Laparoscopic ultrasound as the primary method for bile duct imaging during cholecystectomy Surg Endosc 22 208 213 17721807 10.1007/s00464-007-9558-4 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1c%2FgtVajsg%3D%3D
54. SE Tranter MH Thompson 2001 Potential of laparoscopic ultrasonography as an alternative to operative cholangiography in the detection of bile duct stones Br J Surg 88 65 69 11136312 10.1046/j.1365-2168.2001.01622.x 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M7isFGntA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32066059)
55. SE Tranter MH Thompson 2003 A prospective single-blinded controlled study comparing laparoscopic ultrasound of the common bile duct with operative cholangiography Surg Endosc 17 216 219 12457223 10.1007/s00464-002-8911-x 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3s%2Fms12qtg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 36173270)
56. M Birth BJ Carroll K Delinikolas M Eichler H Weiser 1996 Recognition of laparoscopic bile duct injuries by intraoperative ultrasonography Surg Endosc 10 794 797 8694939 10.1007/BF00189535 1:STN:280:DyaK28zltV2qtg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 126478948)
57. M Birth U Roblick F Brugmans HF Weiser HP Bruch 1999 Laparoscopic ultrasonography reliably visualizes bile-duct injuries-a blind randomized porcine study Langenbecks Arch Surg 384 360 365 10473856 10.1007/s004230050214 1:STN:280:DyaK1MvgslWqug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29434425)
58. VL Wills JO Jorgensen DR Hunt 2000 A randomized controlled trial comparing cholecystocholangiography with cystic duct cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy Aust N Z J Surg 70 573 577 10945550 10.1046/j.1440-1622.2000.01901.x 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvjt1ehsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 30645119)
59. M Daoud MJ McCallum 1999 An easy and effective method of cholangiography in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: laparoscopic cholecystocholangiography Aust N Z J Surg 69 138 140 10030816 10.1046/j.1440-1622.1999.01493.x 1:STN:280:DyaK1M7ltlyrtQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29082829)
60. A Glattli A Metzger C Klaiber C Seiler GJ Maddern HU Baer 1994 Cholecystocholangiography vs cystic duct cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A prospective controlled trial Surg Endosc 8 299 301 8209298 10.1007/BF00590957 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3mvFKrtQ%3D%3D
61. AD Fox RJ Baigrie RA Cobb BL Dowling 1996 Peroperative cholangiography through the gallbladder (cholecystocholangiography) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy Surg Laparosc Endosc 6 22 25 8808554 10.1097/00019509-199602000- 00005 1:STN:280:DyaK28vgsVaktA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 26041358)
62. E Koksal 2001 Cholecystocholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy Surg Today 31 877 880 11759881 10.1007/s005950170026 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2FjtFegsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 33036159)
63. M Moont 1995 Cholecystocholangiography Surg Endosc 9 544 546 7676383 10.1007/BF00206849 1:STN:280:DyaK2Mvgs1yhtQ%3D%3D
64. C Young M Moont 1998 Routine cholecystocholangiography: a viable alternative during laparoscopic cholecystectomy Aust N Z J Surg 68 425 427 9623463 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1998.tb04792.x 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3osV2hsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 28253191)
65. MD Holzman K Sharp GW Holcomb M Frexes-Steed WO Richards 1994 An alternative technique for laparoscopic cholangiography Surg Endosc 8 927 930 7992168 10.1007/BF00843475 1:STN:280:DyaK2M%2FosVartA%3D%3D
66. SS Kumar 1992 Laparoscopic cholangiography: a new method and device J Laparoendosc Surg 2 247 254 1421544 10.1089/lps.1992.2.247 1:STN:280: DyaK3s%2FktlGlsQ%3D%3D
67. D Pertsemlidis 2009 Fluorescent indocyanine green for imaging of bile ducts during laparoscopic cholecystectomy Arch Surg 144 978 19841371
68. YS Sari V Tunali K Tomaoglu B Karagoz A Guneyi I Karagoz 2005 Can bile duct injuries be prevented? "A new technique in laparoscopic cholecystectomy" BMC Surg 5 14 15963227 10.1186/1471-2482-5-14 (Pubitemid 41185351)
69. F Xu CG Xu DZ Xu 2004 A new method of preventing bile duct injury in laparoscopic cholecystectomy World J Gastroenterol 10 2916 2918 15334701 (Pubitemid 39303020)
70. JJ Liu M Alemozaffar B McHone N Dhanani F Gage PA Pinto AM Gorbach E Elster 2008 Evaluation of real-time infrared intraoperative cholangiography in a porcine model Surg Endosc 22 2659 2664 18347867 10.1007/s00464-008-9792-4
71. T Ishizawa S Tamura K Masuda T Aoki K Hasegawa H Imamura Y Beck N Kokudo 2009 Intraoperative fluorescent cholangiography using indocyanine green: a biliary road map for safe surgery J Am Coll Surg 208 e1 e4 19228492 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2008.09.024
72. E Tanaka HS Choi V Humblet S Ohnishi RG Laurence JV Frangioni 2008 Real-time intraoperative assessment of the extrahepatic bile ducts in rats and pigs using invisible near-infrared fluorescent light Surgery 144 39 48 18571583 10.1016/j.surg.2008.03.017
73. N Mitsuhashi F Kimura H Shimizu M Imamaki H Yoshidome M Ohtsuka A Kato H Yoshitomi S Nozawa K Furukawa D Takeuchi T Takayashiki K Suda T Igarashi M Miyazaki 2008 Usefulness of intraoperative fluorescence imaging to evaluate local anatomy in hepatobiliary surgery J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 15 508 514 18836805 10.1007/s00534-007-1307-5
74. T Ishizawa Y Bandai N Kokudo 2009 Fluorescent cholangiography using indocyanine green for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an initial experience Arch Surg 144 381 382 19380655 10.1001/archsurg.2009.9
75. T Aoki M Murakami D Yasuda Y Shimizu T Kusano K Matsuda T Niiya H Kato N Murai K Otsuka M Kusano T Kato 2010 Intraoperative fluorescent imaging using indocyanine green for liver mapping and cholangiography J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 17 5 590 594 10.1007/s00534-009-0197-0
76. N Tagaya M Shimoda M Kato A Nakagawa A Abe Y Iwasaki H Oishi N Shirotani K Kubota 2010 Intraoperative exploration of biliary anatomy using fluorescence imaging of indocyanine green in experimental and clinical cholecystectomies J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 17 5 595 600 10.1007/s00534-009-0195-2
77. JL Figueiredo C Siegel M Nahrendorf R Weissleder 2010 Intraoperative near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography (NIRFC) in mouse models of bile duct injury World J Surg 34 336 343 20033407 10.1007/s00268-009-0332-8
78. K Ito H Ito EE Whang 2008 Timing of cholecystectomy for biliary pancreatitis: do the data support current guidelines? J Gastrointest Surg 12 2164 2170 18636298 10.1007/s11605-008-0603-y
79. G Themelis JS Yoo KS Soh R Schulz V Ntziachristos 2009 Real-time intraoperative fluorescence imaging system using light-absorption correction J Biomed Opt 14 064012 20059250 10.1117/1.3259362
80. JP Houston AB Thompson M Gurfinkel EM Sevick-Muraca 2003 Sensitivity and depth penetration of continuous wave versus frequency-domain photon migration near-infrared fluorescence contrast-enhanced imaging Photochem Photobiol 77 420 430 12733654 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)077<0420:SADPOC>2.0.CO;2 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjtFCrtLc%3D
81. EH Livingston P Gulaka S Kommera B Wang H Liu 2009 In vivo spectroscopic characterization of porcine biliary tract tissues: first step in the development of new biliary tract imaging devices Ann Biomed Eng 37 201 209 18923902 10.1007/s10439-008-9574-0
82. KJ Zuzak SC Naik G Alexandrakis D Hawkins K Behbehani E Livingston 2008 Intraoperative bile duct visualization using near-infrared hyperspectral video imaging Am J Surg 195 491 497 18304512 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.05.044 (Pubitemid 351417473)
83. Phillips B, Ball C, Sacket D, Badenoch D, Straus S, Haynes B, Dawes M (2009) Oxford Centre for evidence-based medicine, levels of evidence and grades of recommendation. Available at www.cebm.net/?o=1025. Accessed January 2010
84. DR Fletcher MS Hobbs P Tan LJ Valinsky RL Hockey TJ Pikora MW Knuiman HJ Sheiner A Edis 1999 Complications of cholecystectomy: risks of the laparoscopic approach and protective effects of operative cholangiography: a population-based study Ann Surg 229 449 457 10203075 10.1097/00000658-199904000-00001 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3hslOhtw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 30191740)
85. L Krahenbuhl G Sclabas MN Wente M Schafer R Schlumpf MW Buchler 2001 Incidence, risk factors, and prevention of biliary tract injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Switzerland World J Surg 25 1325 1330 11596898 10.1007/s00268-001-0118-0 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MrltVKqtA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32952583)
86. T Ishizawa Y Bandai M Ijichi J Kaneko K Hasegawa N Kokudo 2010 Fluorescent cholangiography illuminating the biliary tree during laparoscopic cholecystectomy Br J Surg 97 9 1369 1377 20623766 10.1002/bjs.7125 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3cjit1ynsA%3D%3D