Separation of empty and water-filled single-wall carbon nanotubes

ACS Nano

Volumn 5, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 3943-3953

  Fagan, Jeffrey A ^a   Huh, Ji Yeon ^a,d   Simpson, Jeffrey R ^b   Blackburn, Jeffrey L ^c   Holt, Josh M ^c   Larsen, Brian A ^c   Walker, Angela R Hight ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b TOWSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY   (United States)

^d DUPONT COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

Centrifugation; Deoxycholate; Empty; Nanotube; Separation; SWCNT; Water filled

Indexed keywords

CO-SURFACTANTS; DENSITY GRADIENTS; DEOXYCHOLATE; EMPTY; LARGE-DIAMETER; MULTIPLE NANOTUBES; OPTIMAL CONDITIONS; SEQUENTIAL SEPARATION; SINGLE-WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; SODIUM DEOXYCHOLATE; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; SWCNT; SYNTHESIZED NANOTUBES; SYSTEMATIC CHANGES; ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES; WATER FILLING; WATER-FILLED;

ABLATION; CENTRIFUGATION; CENTRIFUGES; ELECTRIC ARCS; SODIUM;

SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (SWCN);

CARBON NANOTUBE; WATER;

ARTICLE; CENTRIFUGATION; CHEMISTRY; CONFORMATION; MACROMOLECULE; MATERIALS TESTING; METHODOLOGY; PARTICLE SIZE; SURFACE PROPERTY; ULTRASTRUCTURE;

CENTRIFUGATION; MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES; MATERIALS TESTING; MOLECULAR CONFORMATION; NANOTUBES, CARBON; PARTICLE SIZE; SURFACE PROPERTIES; WATER;

EID: 80051538004     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn200458t     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Liu, J.; Hersam, M. C Recent Developments in Carbon Nanotube Sorting and Selective Growth. MRS Bull. 2010, 35, 315.
2. Fagan, J. A.; Bauer, B. J.; Hobbie, E. K.; Becker, M. L.; Hight Walker, A. R.; Simpson, J. R.; Chun, J.; Obrzut, J.; Bajpai, V.; Phelan, F. R.; et al. Carbon Nanotubes: Measuring Dispersion and Length. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 338-348.
3. Arnold, M. S.; Stupp, S. I.; Hersam, M. C Enrichment of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Diameter in Density Gradients. Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 713.
4. Arnold, M. S.; Green, A. A.; Hulvat, J. F.; Stupp, S. I.; Hersam, M. C. Sorting Carbon Nanotubes by Electronic Structure Using Density Differentiation. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2006, 1, 60-65.
5. Ghosh, S.; Bachilo, S. M.; Weisman, R. B. Advanced Sorting of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Nonlinear Density-Gradient Ultracentrifugation. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2010, 5, 443-450.
6. Yanagi, K.; Miyata, Y.; Kataura, H. Optical and Conductive Characteristics of Metallic Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes with Three Basic ColorsC; Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow. Appl. Phys. Express 2008, 1, 034003.
7. Green, A. A.; Hersam, M. C Colored Semitransparent Conductive Coatings Consisting of Monodisperse Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 1418-1422.
8. Niyogi, S.; Densmore, C. G.; Doorn, S. K. Electrolyte Tuning of Surfactant Interfacial Behavior for Enhanced Density-Based Separations of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 1144-1153.
9. Haroz, E. H.; Rice, W. D.; Lu, B. Y.; Ghosh, S.; Hauge, R. H.; Weisman, R. B.; Doorn, S. K.; Kono, J. Enrichment of Armchair Carbon Nanotubes via Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation: Raman Spectroscopy Evidence. ACS Nano 2010, 4, 1955-1962.
10. Nish, A.; Hwang, J.; Doig, J.; Nicholas, R. J. Highly Selective Dispersion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Aromatic Polymers. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2007, 2, 640-646. (Pubitemid 47525185)
11. Peng, X.; Komatsu, N.; Kimura, T.; Osuka, A. Simultaneous Enrichments of Optical Purity and (n, m) Abundance of SWNTs through Extraction with 3, 6-Carbazolylene-Bridged Chiral Diporphyrin Nanotweezers. ACS Nano 2008, 2, 2045-2050.
12. Green, A. A.; Duch, M. C.; Hersam, M. C Isolation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Enantiomers by Density Differentiation. Nano Res. 2009, 2, 69.
13. Zheng, M.; Jagota, A.; Semke, E. D.; Diner, B. A.; McLean, R. S.; Lustig, S. R.; Richardson, R. E.; Tassi, N. G. DNA-Assisted Dispersion and Separation of Carbon Nanotubes. Nat. Mater. 2003, 2, 338.
14. Tu, X.; Manohar, A.; Jagota, A.; Zheng, M. DNA Sequence Motifs for Structure Specific Recognition and Separation of Carbon Nanotubes. Nature 2009, 460, 250-253.
15. Bonaccorso, F.; Hasan, T.; Tan, P. H.; Sciascia, C.; Privitera, G.; Di Marco, G.; Gucciardi, P. G.; Ferrari, A. C Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation of Nanotubes: Interplay of Bundling and Surfactants Encapsulation. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114, 17267-17285.
16. Green, M. J.; Young, C. C.; Parra-Vasquez, N. G.; Majumder, M.; Juloori, V.; Behabtu, N.; Pint, C. L.; Schmidt, J.; Kesselman, E.; Hauge, R. H.; et al. Direct Imaging of Carbon Nanotubes Spontaneously Filled with Solvent. Chem-Comm. 2011, 47, 1228-1230.
17. Sloan, J.; Hammer, J.; Zwiefka-Sibley, M.; Green, M. L H. The Opening and Filling of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWTs). Chem. Commun. 1998, 347-348. (Pubitemid 128675248)
18. Takenobu, T.; Takano, T.; Shiraishi, M.; Murakami, Y.; Ata, M.; Kataura, H.; Achiba, Y.; Iwasa, Y. Stable and Controlled Amphoteric Doping by Encapsulation of Organic Molecules inside Carbon Nanotubes. Nat. Mater. 2003, 2, 683-688.
19. Yanagi, K.; Miyata, Y.; Kataura, H. Highly Stabilized β-Carotene in Carbon Nanotubes. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 437-441.
20. Okubo, S.; Okazaki, T.; Hirose-Takai, K.; Suenaga, K.; Okada, S.; Bandow, S.; Iijima, S. Electronic Structures of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Encapsulating Ellipsoidal C70. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 15252-15258.
21. Hennrich, F.; Arnold, K.; Lebedkin, S.; Quintilla, A.; Wenzel, W.; Kappes, M. M. Diameter Sorting of Carbon Nanotubes by Gradient Centrifugation: Role of Endohedral Water. Phys. Stat. Sol., b 2007, 244, 3896-3900.
22. Quintilla, A.; Hennrich, F.; Lebedkin, S.; Kappes, M. M.; Wenzel, W. Influence of Endohedral Water on Diameter Sorting of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Density Gradient Centrifugation. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2010, 12, 902-908.
23. Carvalho, E. J. F.; dos Santos, M. C. Role of Surfactants in Carbon Nanotubes Density Gradient Separation. ACS Nano 2010, 4, 765-770.
24. Wenseleers, W.; Cambre, S.; Culin, J.; Bouwen, A.; Goovaerts, E. Effect of Water Filling on the Electronic and Vibrational Resonances of Carbon Nanotubes: Characterizing Tube Opening by Raman Spectroscopy. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 2274-2278. (Pubitemid 47409291)
25. Cambre, S.; Schoeters, B.; Luyckx, S.; Goovaerts, E.; Wenseleers, W. Experimental Observation of Single-File Water Filling of Thin Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Down to Chiral Index (5, 3). Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010, 104, 207401.
26. Wenseleers, W. This research group presented independently gathered results showing empty and water-filled separation in a manner different from that related in this contribution at Nanotubes 2010 in Montreal. During this paper's revision, their in-press results were published online in ref 27.
27. Cambré, S.; Wenseleers, W. Separation and Diameter-Sorting of Empty (End-Capped) and Water-Filled (Open) Carbon Nanotubes by Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 2764-2768.
28. Wenseleers, W.; Vlasov, I. I.; Goovaerts, E.; Obraztsova, E.; Lobach, A. S.; Bouwen, A. Efficient Isolation and Solubilization of Pristine Single-Walled Nanotubes in Bile Salt Micelles. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2004, 14, 1105-1112.
29. Haggenmueller, R.; Rahatekar, S. S.; Fagan, J. A.; Chun, J.; Becker, M. L.; Naik, R. R.; Krauss, T.; Carlson, L.; Kadla, J. F.; Trulove, P. C; et al. Comparison of the Quality of Aqueous Dispersions of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes Using Surfactants and Biomolecules. Langmuir 2008, 24, 5070.
30. Fagan, J. A.; Becker, M. L.; Chun, J.; Nie, P.; Bauer, B. J.; Simpson, J. R.; Walker, A. R. H.; Hobbie, E. K Centrifugal Length Separation of Carbon Nanotubes. Langmuir 2008, 24, 13880.
31. Fagan, J. A.; Becker, M. L.; Chun, J.; Hobbie, E. K. Length Fractionation of Carbon Nanotubes Using Centrifugation. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 1609.
32. Centrifuges, Rotors, Tubes & Accessories Guide BR-8101L; Beckman Coulter: Brea, CA, 2004; pp 1-23
33. Luton, P.; Ridgeway, G. L. Use of the Ultracentrifuge Vertical Rotor in the Detection of Rubella-Specific IgM on a Sucrose Density Gradient. J. Clin. Path. 1979, 32, 931-934. (Pubitemid 10249457)
34. Choi, J. H.; Strano, M. S. Solvatochromism in single-walled carbon nanotubes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 90, 22314.
35. Qian, H.; Araujo, P. T.; Georgi, C.; Gokus, T.; Hartmann, N.; Green, A. A.; et al. Visualizing the Local Optical Response of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes to DNA-Wrapping. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 2706-11.
36. Simpson, J. R.; Fagan, J. A.; Becker, M. L.; Hobbie, E. K.; Hight Walker, A. R. The Effect of Dispersant on Defects in Length-Separated Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Measured by Raman Spectroscopy. Carbon 2009, 47, 3238.
37. O'Connell, M. J.; Bachilo, S. M.; Huffman, C B.; Moore, V. M.; Strano, M. S.; Haroz, E. H.; Rialon, K. L.; Boul, P. J.; Noon, W. H.; Kittrell, C; et al. Band-Gap Fluorescence from Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Science 2002, 297, 593-596. (Pubitemid 34815341)
38. Bachilo, S. M.; Strano, M. S.; Kittrell, C.; Hauge, R. H.; Smalley, R. E.; Weisman, R. B. Structure-Assigned Optical Spectra of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Science 2002, 298, 2361-2366. (Pubitemid 36014203)
39. Weisman, R. B.; Bachilo, S. M. Dependence of Optical Transition Energies on Structure for Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Suspension: An Empirical Kataura Plot. Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 1235-1238. (Pubitemid 37206069)
40. Tsyboulski, D. A.; Bakota, E. L.; Witus, L S.; Rocha, J. R.; Hartgerink, J. D.; Weisman, R. B. Self-Assembling Peptide Coatings Designed for Highly Luminescent Suspension of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 17134-17140.
41. Blackburn, J. L.; McDonald, T. J.; Metzger, W. K.; Engtrakul, C.; Rumbles, G.; Heben, M. J. Protonation Effects on the Branching Ratio in Photoexcited Single-Walled Nanotube Dispersions. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 1047.
42. Ju, S.; Kopcha, W. P.; Papadimitrakopoulos, F. Brightly Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes via an Oxygen-Excluding Surfactant Organization. Science 2009, 323, 1319.
43. Nugraha, A. R. T.; Saito, R.; Sato, K.; Araujo, P. T.; Jorio, A.; Dresselhaus, M. S. Dielectric constant model for environmental effects on the exciton energies of single wall carbon nanotubes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 97, 091905.
44. Sato, K.; Saito, R.; Nugraha, A. R. T.; Maruyama, S. Excitonic Effects on Radial Breathing Mode Intensity of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2010, 497, 94.
45. Jorio, A.; Fantini, C.; Pimenta, M. A.; Capaz, R. B.; Samsonidze, Ge. G.; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Jiang, J.; Kobayashi, N.; Gruneis, A.; Saito, R. Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (n, m)-Dependent Effects in Small-Diameter Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Rev. B 2005, 71, 075401.
46. Maultzsch, J.; Telg, H.; Reich, S.; Thomsen, C. Radial Breathing Mode of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Optical Transition Energies and Chiral-Index Assignment. Phys. Rev. B 2005, 72, 205438.
47. Araujo, P. T.; Maciel, I. O.; Pesce, P. B. C.; Pimenta, M. A.; Doorn, S. K.; Qian, H.; Hartschuh, A.; Steiner, M.; Grigorian, L.; Hata, K.; et al. Nature of the Constant Factor in the Relation between Radial Breathing Mode Frequency and Tube Diameter for Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Rev. B. 2008, 77, 241403.
48. Lu, Q.; Keskar, G.; Ciocan, R.; Rao, R.; Mathur, R. B.; Rao, A. P.; Larcom, L L. Determination of Carbon Nanotube Density by Gradient Sedimentation. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 24371-24376. (Pubitemid 46065733)
49. Hobbie, E. K.; Fagan, J. A.; Obrzut, J.; Hudson, S. D. Microscale Polymer-Nanotube Composites. Appl. Mater. Int. 2009, 1, 1561-1566.
50. McDonald, T. J.; Jones, M.; Engtrakul, C.; Ellingson, R. J.; Rumbles, G.; Heben, M. J. Near-Infrared Fourier Transform Photoluminescence Spectrometer with Tunable Excitation for the Study of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2006, 77, 053104.