Interior structure models of solid exoplanets using material laws in the infinite pressure limit

Icarus

Volumn 214, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 366-376

  Wagner, F W ^a,b   Sohl, F ^a   Hussmann, H ^a   Grott, M ^a   Rauer, H ^a,c  

^a GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

^c TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Extrasolar planets; Geophysics; Interiors; Mineralogy; Terrestrial planets

Indexed keywords

EID: 80051472824     PISSN: 00191035     EISSN: 10902643     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.027     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Abe Y. Thermal and chemical evolution of the terrestrial magma ocean. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 1997, 100:27-39.
2. Al'tshuler L.V., Brusnikin S.E., Kuz'menkov E.A. Isotherms and Grüneisen functions for 25 metals. J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys. 1987, 28:129-141.
3. Batalha N.M., Borucki W.J., Bryson S.T., Buchhave L.A., Caldwell D.A., et al. Kepler's first rocky planet: Kepler-10b. Astrophys. J. 2011, 729:27. 10.1088/0004-637X/729/1/27.
4. Birch F. Elasticity and constitution of the Earth's interior. J. Geophys. Res. 1952, 57:227-286.
5. Boisse I., Bouchy F., Hebrard G., Bonfils X., Santos N., Vauclair S. Disentangling between stellar activity and planetary signals. Astron. Astrophys. 2011, 528:A4. 10.1051/0004-6361/201014354.
6. Bruntt H., Deleuil M., Fridlund M., Alonso R., Bouchy F., Hatzes A., Mayor M., Moutou C., Queloz D. Improved stellar parameters of CoRoT-7: A star hosting two super-Earths. Astron. Astrophys. 2010, 519:A51. 10.1051/0004-6361/201014143.
7. Charbonneau D., Berta Z.K., Irwin J., Burke C.J., Nutzman P., et al. A super-Earth transiting a nearby low-mass star. Nature 2009, 462:891-894.
8. Dewaele A., Loubeyre P., Occelli F., Mezouar M., Dorogokupets P.I., Torrent M. Quasihydrostatic equation of state of iron above 2 Mbar. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 97:215504. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.215504.
9. Dubrovinsky L.S., Saxena S.K., Dubrovinskaia N.A., Rekhi S., Bihan T.L. Grüneisen parameter of ε{lunate}-iron up to 300GPa from in-situ X-ray study. Am. Mineral. 2000, 85:386-389.
10. Dziewonski A.M., Anderson D.L. Preliminary reference Earth model. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 1981, 25:297-356.
11. Fei Y., Orman J.V., Li J., van Westrenen W., Sanloup C., Minarik W., Hirose K., Komobayashi T., Walter M., Funakoshi K. Experimentally determined postspinel transformation boundary in Mg2SiO4 using MgO as an internal pressure standard and its geophysical implications. J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109:B02305. 10.1029/2003JB002562.
12. Ferraz-Mello, S., Tadeu dos Santos, M., Beauge, C., Michtchenko, T.A., Rodriguez, A., 2011. On planetary mass determination in the case of super-Earths orbiting active stars. The case of the CoRoT-7 system. Astron. Astrophys., in press. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016059.
13. Fortney J.J., Marley M.S., Barnes J.W. Planetary radii across five orders of magnitude in mass and stellar insolation: Application to transits. Astrophys. J. 2007, 659:1661-1672.
14. Fu R., O'Connell R.J., Sasselov D.D. The interior dynamics of water planets. Astrophys. J. 2010, 708:1326-1334.
15. Grasset O., Schneider J., Sotin C. A study of the accuracy of mass-radius relationships for silicate-rich and ice-rich planets up to 100 Earth masses. Astrophys. J. 2009, 693:722-733.
16. Grocholski B., Shim S.H., Prakapenka V.B. Stability of the MgSiO3 analog NaMgF3 and its implication for mantle structure in super-Earths. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010, 37:L14204.
17. Hama J., Suito K. The search for a universal equation of state correct up to very high pressures. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 1996, 8:67-81.
18. Hatzes, A.P., Fridlund, M., Nachmani, G., Mazeh, T., Valencia, D.,Hebrard, G., Carone, L., Pätzold, M., Udry, S., Bouchy, F., et al., 2011. On the mass of CoRoT-7b. J. Astrophys., submitted for publication.
19. Hatzes, A.P., Fridlund, M., Nachmani, G., Mazeh, T., Valencia, D., et al., 2011. APJ, submitted for publication.
20. Hemley R.J., Mao H.K., Finger L.W., Jephcoat A.P., Hazen R.M., Zha C.S. Equation of state of solid hydrogen and deuterium from single-crystal X-ray diffraction to 26.5GPa. Phys. Rev. B 1990, 42:6458-6470.
21. Hernlund J.W., Labrosse S. Geophysically consistent values of the perovskite to post-perovskite transition Clapeyron slope. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007, 34:L05309.
22. Hofmeister A.M. Mantle values of thermal conductivity and the geotherm from phonon lifetimes. Science 1999, 283:1699-1706.
23. Howard A.W., Marcy G.W., Johnson J.A., Fischer D.A., Wright J.T., Isaacson H., Valenti J.A., Anderson J., Lin D.N.C., Ida S. The occurrence and mass distribution of close-in super-Earths, Neptunes, and Jupiters. Science 2010, 330:653-655.
24. Isaak D.G., Anderson O.L. Thermal expansivity of HCP iron at very high pressure and temperature. Physica B 2003, 328:345-354.
25. Jackson I., Rigden S.M. Analysis of P-V-T data: Constraints on the thermoelastic properties of high-pressure minerals. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 1996, 96:85-112.
26. Karato S. Rheological structure of the mantle of a super-Earth: Some insights from mineral physics. Icarus 2011, 212:14-23.
27. Karato S.-I., Wu P. Rheology of the upper mantle: A synthesis. Science 1993, 260:771-778.
28. Karato S., Zhang S., Wenk H.R. Superplasticity in Earth's lower mantle: Evidence from seismic anisotropy and rock physics. Science 1995, 270:458-461.
29. Katsura T., Shatskiy A., Manthilake M.A.G.M., Zhai S., Fukui H., et al. Thermal expansion of forsterite at high pressures determined by in-situ X-ray diffraction: The adiabatic geotherm in the upper mantle. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 2009, 174:86-92.
30. Keane A. An investigation of finite strain in an isotropic material subjected to hydrostatic pressure and its seismological applications. Aust. J. Phys. 1954, 7:322-333.
31. Kimura J., Nakagawa T., Kurita K. Size and compositional constraints of Ganymede's metallic core for driving an active dynamo. Icarus 2009, 202:216-224.
32. Kuskov O.L., Kronrod V.A. Core sizes and internal structure of Earth's and Jupiter's satellites. Icarus 2001, 151:204-227.
33. Léger A., Selsis F., Sotin C., Guillot T., Despois D., et al. A new family of planets? "Ocean-planets" Icarus 2004, 169:499-504.
34. Léger A., Rouan D., Schneider J., Barge P., Fridlund M., et al. Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission. VIII. CoRoT-7b: The first super-Earth with measured radius. Astron. Astrophys. 2009, 506:287-302.
35. Lissauer J.J., Fabrycky D.C., Ford E.B., Borucki W.J., Fressin F., et al. A closely packed system of low-mass, low-density planets transiting Kepler-11. Nature 2011, 470:53-58.
36. Loubeyre P., LeToullec R., Hausermann D., Hanfland M., Hemley R.J., Mao H.K., Finger L.W. X-ray diffraction and equation of state of hydrogen at megabar pressures. Nature 1996, 383:702-704.
37. Loubeyre P., LeToullec R., Wolanin E., Hanfland M., Hausermann D. Modulated phases and proton centring in ice observed by X-ray diffraction up to 170GPa. Nature 1999, 397:503-506.
38. Mayor M., Bonfils X., Forveille T., Delfosse X., Udry S., et al. The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets? XVIII. An Earth-mass planet in the GJ 581 planetary system. Astron. Astrophys. 2009, 507:487-494.
39. O'Connell R.J. On the scale of mantle convection. Tectonophysics 1977, 38:119-136.
40. Oganov A.R., Ono S. Theoretical and experimental evidence for a post-perovskite phase of MgSiO3 in Earth's D″ layer. Nature 2004, 430:445-448.
41. Oganov A.R., Brodholt J.P., Price G.D. The elastic constants of MgSiO3 perovskite at pressures and temperatures of the Earth's mantle. Nature 2001, 411:934-937.
42. Oganov A.R., Gillan M.J., Price G.D. Ab initio lattice dynamics and structural stability of MgO. J. Chem. Phys. 2003, 118:10174-10182.
43. Ono S., Oganov A.R. In-situ observations of phase transition between perovskite and CaIrO3-type phase in MgSiO3 and pyrolitic mantle composition. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2005, 236:914-932.
44. Pont F., Aigrain S., Zucker S. Reassessing the radial-velocity evidence for planets around CoRoT-7. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2010, 411:1953-1962.
45. Queloz D., Bouchy F., Moutou C., Hatzes A., Hebrard G., et al. The CoRoT-7 planetary system: Two orbiting super-Earths. Astron. Astrophys. 2009, 506:303-319.
46. Ranalli G. Mantle rheology: Radial and lateral viscosity variations inferred from microphysical creep laws. J. Geodyn. 2001, 32:425-444.
47. Rogers L., Seager S. A framework for quantifying the degeneracies of exoplanet interior compositions. Astrophys. J. 2010, 712:974-991.
48. Sasaki S., Nakazawa K. Metal-silicate fractionation in the growing Earth - Energy source for the terrestrial magma ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 1986, 91:9231-9238.
49. Seager S., Kuchner M., Hier-Majumder C.A., Militzer B. Mass-radius relationships for solid exoplanets. Astrophys. J. 2007, 669:1279-1297.
50. Senshu H., Kuramoto K., Matsui T. Thermal evolution of a growing Mars. J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107:5118. 10.1029/2001JE001819.
51. Sohl F., Spohn T., Breuer D., Nagel K. Implications from Galileo observations on the interior structure and chemistry of the Galilean satellites. Icarus 2002, 157:104-119.
52. Sotin C., Grasset O., Mocquet A. Mass-radius curve for extrasolar Earth-like planets and ocean planets. Icarus 2007, 191:337-351.
53. Stacey F.D. Equations of state for close-packed materials at high pressures: Geophysical evidence. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 1999, 11:575-582.
54. Stacey F.D. The K-primed approach to high-pressure equations of state. Geophys. J. Int. 2000, 143:621-628.
55. Stacey F.D. Finite strain, thermodynamics and the Earth's core. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 2001, 128:179-193.
56. Stacey F.D. High pressure equations of state and planetary interiors. Rep. Prog. Phys. 2005, 68:341-383.
57. Stacey F.D., Davis P.M. High pressure equations of state with application to lower mantle and core. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 2004, 142:137-184.
58. Stacey F.D., Davis P.M. Physics of the Earth 2008, Cambridge University Press.
59. Tateno S., Hirose K., Sata N., Ohishi Y. Determination of post-perovskite phase transition boundary up to 4400K and implications for thermal structure in D″ layer. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2009, 277:130-136.
60. Tozer D.C. The present thermal state of the terrestrial planets. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 1972, 6:182-197.
61. Tsuchiya T., Tsuchiya J., Umemoto K., Wentzcovitch R.M. Phase transition in MgSiO3 perovskite in the Earth's lower mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2004, 224:241-248.
62. Turcotte D.L., Schubert G. Geodynamics 2002, Cambridge University Press.
63. Umemoto K., Wentzcovitch R.M., Allen P.B. Dissociation of MgSiO3 in the cores of gas giants and terrestrial exoplanets. Science 2006, 311:983-986.
64. Valencia D., O'Connell R.J., Sasselov D.D. Internal structure of massive terrestrial planets. Icarus 2006, 181:545-554.
65. Valencia D., Sasselov D.D., O'Connell R.J. Detailed models of super-Earths: How well can we infer bulk properties. Astrophys. J. 2007, 665:1413-1420.
66. Valencia D., Sasselov D.D., O'Connell R.J. Radius and structure models of the first super-Earth planet. Astrophys. J. 2007, 656:545-551.
67. Vinet P., Rose J.H., Ferrante J., Smith J.R. Universal features of the equation of state of solids. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 1989, 1:1941-1963.