Spinal injury in car crashes: Crash factors and the effects of occupant age

Injury Prevention

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 228-232

  Bilston, Lynne E ^a,c   Clarke, Elizabeth C ^a,b   Brown, Julie ^a,d  

^a NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^b GEORGE INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL HEALTH   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; CHILD; HUMAN; INFANT; INJURY SCALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEWBORN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RISK FACTOR; SEATBELT; SPINE INJURY; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; UNITED STATES;

ABBREVIATED INJURY SCALE; ACCIDENTS, TRAFFIC; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; LOGISTIC MODELS; MIDDLE AGED; RISK FACTORS; SEAT BELTS; SPINAL INJURIES; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79960842950     PISSN: 13538047     EISSN: 14755785     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/ip.2010.028324     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Pirouzmand F. Epidemiological trends of spine and spinal cord injuries in the largest Canadian adult trauma center from 1986 to 2006. J Neurosurg Spine 2010;12:131-40.
2. O'Connor PJ. Trends in spinal cord injury. Accid Anal Prev 2006;38:71.
3. O'Connor PJ, Brown D. Relative risk of spinal cord injury in road crashes involving seriously injured occupants of light passenger vehicles. Accid Anal Prev 2006;38:1081-6.
4. Pearson AM, Panjabi MM, Ivancic PC, et al. Frontal impact causes ligamentous cervical spine injury. Spine 2005;30:1852-8.
5. Brown J, Bilston LE. Spinal injury in motor vehicle crashes: elevated risk persists up to 12 years of age. Arch Dis Child 2009;94:546-8.
6. Inamasu J, Guiot BH. Thoracolumbar junction injuries after rollover crashes: difference between belted and unbelted front seat occupants. Eur Spine J 2009;18:1464-8.
7. Smith JA, Siegel JH, Siddiqi Spine SQ, et al. Injury in Motor Vehicle Crashes: A Function of Change in Velocity and Energy Dissipation on Impact with Respect to the Direction of Crash. J Trauma 2005;59:117-31.
8. National Center for Statistics and Analysis. National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System. 2008. http://www.nhtsa.gov/NASS (accessed 20 Aug 2009).
9. Agresti A. An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis. New York: Wiley, 1996.
10. Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL. Modern Epidemiology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008.
11. Kent R, Henary B, Matsuoka F. On the fatal crash experience of older drivers. Proceedings of the 49th Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Conference 2005;49:371-91.
12. Draheim A, Hurnall J, Case M, et al. Structural energy absorption trends in NCAP crashed vehicles. In: 19th Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference. Washington, DC, USA: NHTSA;2005. p. Paper 05-0317.
13. Fiford RJ, Bilston LE, Waite P, et al. A vertebral dislocation model of spinal cord injury in rats. J Neurotrauma 2004;21:451-8.
14. Nuckley DJ, Hertsted SM, Eck MP, et al. Effect of displacement rate on the tensile mechanics of pediatric cervical functional spinal units. J Biomech 2005;38:2266-75.
15. Yingling VR, Callaghan JP, McGill SM. Dynamic loading affects the mechanical properties and failure site of porcine spines. Clin Biomech 1997;12:301-5.
16. El-Rich M, Arnoux PJ, Wagnac E, et al. Finite element investigation of the loading rate effect on the spinal load-sharing changes under impact conditions. J Biomech 2009;42:1252-62.
17. Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Voo L. Effect of age and loading rate on human cervical spine injury threshold. Spine 1998;23:1957-62.
18. Kato H, Kimura A, Sasaki R, et al. Cervical spinal cord injury without bony injury: a multicenter retrospective study of emergency and critical care centers in Japan. J Trauma 2008;65:373-9.
19. Chen D-Y, He Z-M, Chen H-J, et al. Clinical characteristics and results of cervical spinal cord injury in the patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Chung Hua Wai Ko Tsa Chih 2007;45:370-2.
20. Clarke EC, Appleyard RC, Bilston LE. Immature sheep spines are more flexible than mature spines: an in vitro biomechanical study. Spine 2007;32:2970-9.
21. Agran P, Winn D, Dunkle D. Injuries among 4- to 9-year-old restrained motor vehicle occupants by seat location and crash impact site. Am J Dis Child 1989;143:1317-21.
22. Bilston LE, Brown J. Pediatric spinal injury type and severity are age and mechanism dependent. Spine 2007;32:2339-47.
23. Durbin DR, Arbogast KB, Moll EK. Seat belt syndrome in children: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Emerg Care 2001;17:474-7.
24. Shepherd M, Hamill J, Segedin E. Paediatric lap-belt injury: a 7 year experience. Emerg Med Australas 2006;18:57-63.
25. Reed MA, Naftel RP, Carter S, et al. Motor vehicle restraint system use and risk of spine injury. Traffic Inj Prev 2006;7:256-63.