메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 127-148

Perceptions of trust, compliance and accommodation in police-civilian encounters: A Russian, Turkish and americ an cross-national analysis

Author keywords

Accommodation; Civilian; Compliance; Cross cultural; Intergroup; Law enforcement; Trust

Indexed keywords


EID: 79960792748     PISSN: 19409419     EISSN: 19409427     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/19409419.2008.10756706     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (7)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 85023542750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polis-Halk iliskileri
    • G. Pultar, E. O. Yncirlioglu & B. Aksit, Ankara: Tetragon
    • Aksit, B. T., & Demirtas, H. A. (2003). Polis-Halk iliskileri. In G. Pultar, E. O. Yncirlioglu & B. Aksit (Eds.), Culture and modernity (pp. 260-271). Ankara: Tetragon.
    • (2003) Culture and Modernity , pp. 260-271
    • Aksit, B.T.1    Demirtas, H.A.2
  • 3
    • 42549140119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • South African and American interethnic data
    • Authors
    • Authors. (2006-a). Communicative dynamics of police-civilian encounters: South African and American interethnic data. Journal of Intercultural Communication Re search, 35, pp. 161-182.
    • (2006) Journal Of intercultural Communication Re Search , vol.35 , pp. 161-182
  • 4
    • 51349162687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication accommodation: Law enforcement and the public
    • Authors., R. M. Dailey & B. A. Le Poire, New York: Peter Lang
    • Authors. (2006-b). Communication accommodation: Law enforcement and the public. In R. M. Dailey & B. A. Le Poire (Eds.), Applied interpersonal communication matters: Family, health, and community relations (pp. 241-269). New York: Peter Lang.
    • (2006) Applied Interpersonal Communication Matters: Family, Health, and Community Relations , pp. 241-269
  • 5
    • 85023495335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accommodation and institutional talk: Communicative dimensions of police- civilian interactions
    • Authors., A. Weatherall, B. Watson, & C. Gallois, Palgrave Macmillan
    • Authors. (2007-a). Accommodation and institutional talk: Communicative dimensions of police- civilian interactions. In A. Weatherall, B. Watson, & C. Gallois (Eds.), The social psychology of language and discourse. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan.
    • (2007) The Social Psychology of Language and Discourse. Basingstoke, England
  • 8
    • 33646519995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policing in post-Soviet Russia
    • W. A. Pridemore, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
    • Beck, A., & Robertson, A. (2005). Policing in post-Soviet Russia. In W. A. Pridemore (Ed.), Ruling Russia: Law, crime and justice in a changing society (pp. 247-260). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    • (2005) Ruling Russia: Law, Crime and Justice in a Changing Society , pp. 247-260
    • Beck, A.1    Robertson, A.2
  • 9
    • 84965600190 scopus 로고
    • Political alienation and public satisfaction with police services
    • Benson, P. R. (1981). Political alienation and public satisfaction with police services. Pacific Sociological Review, 24, 45-64.
    • (1981) Pacific Sociological Review , vol.24 , pp. 45-64
    • Benson, P.R.1
  • 12
    • 84943686453 scopus 로고
    • Accommodation at work: Some phonological data and their implications
    • Coupland, N. (1984). Accommodation at work: Some phonological data and their implications. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 46, 49-70.
    • (1984) International Journal of the Sociology of Language , vol.46 , pp. 49-70
    • Coupland, N.1
  • 13
    • 34247407295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relevance, accommodation, and conversation: Modeling the social dimension of communication
    • Coupland, N., & Jaworski, A. (1997). Relevance, accommodation, and conversation: Modeling the social dimension of communication. Multilingua, 16, 235-258.
    • (1997) Multilingua , vol.16 , pp. 235-258
    • Coupland, N.1    Jaworski, A.2
  • 14
    • 85023590471 scopus 로고
    • Polisin halkla iliskileri
    • Ankara: Ankara University Institute of Social Sciences
    • Dundar, N. (1983). Polisin halkla iliskileri. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Ankara: Ankara University Institute of Social Sciences.
    • (1983) Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation
    • Dundar, N.1
  • 15
    • 0033968659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The salience of the uniform in young children’s perception of police status
    • Durkin, K., & Jeffrey, L. (2000). The salience of the uniform in young children’s perception of police status. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 5, 47-55.
    • (2000) Legal and Criminological Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 47-55
    • Durkin, K.1    Jeffrey, L.2
  • 17
    • 85023509456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turkiye’de Polis Halk ïliskileri ve Polis Orgutunde Halkla Iliskiler Egitimi
    • Ankara: Ankara University Institute of Social Sciences
    • Erdag, E. (1998). Turkiye’de Polis Halk ïliskileri ve Polis Orgutunde Halkla Iliskiler Egitimi. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Ankara: Ankara University Institute of Social Sciences.
    • (1998) Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation
    • Erdag, E.1
  • 18
    • 85023499129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polis - Halk iliskilerinde sorunlar ve cozum onerileri
    • Erdogan, E. (2000). Polis - Halk iliskilerinde sorunlar ve cozum onerileri. Türk ïdare Dergisi, 428, 177-198.
    • (2000) Türk ïdare Dergisi , vol.428 , pp. 177-198
    • Erdogan, E.1
  • 19
    • 0036284717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and attitudes toward the police, assessing the effects of watching “reality” police programs
    • Eschholz, S., Sims Blackwell, B., Gertz, M., & Chiricos, T. (2002). Race and attitudes toward the police, assessing the effects of watching “reality” police programs. Journal of Criminal Justice, 30, 327-341.
    • (2002) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.30 , pp. 327-341
    • Eschholz, S.1    Sims Blackwell, B.2    Gertz, M.3    Chiricos, T.4
  • 20
    • 0001288118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reassessing the impact of race on citizens’ attitudes toward the police
    • Frank, J., Brandl, S. G., Cullen, F. T., & Stichman, A. (1996). Reassessing the impact of race on citizens’ attitudes toward the police. Justice Quarterly, 13, 321-334.
    • (1996) Justice Quarterly , vol.13 , pp. 321-334
    • Frank, J.1    Brandl, S.G.2    Cullen, F.T.3    Stichman, A.4
  • 22
    • 0041820034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconciliation through communication in intercultural encounters: Potential or peril?
    • Gallois, C. (2003). Reconciliation through communication in intercultural encounters: Potential or peril? Journal of Communication, 53, 5-15.
    • (2003) Journal of Communication , vol.53 , pp. 5-15
    • Gallois, C.1
  • 23
    • 33646435024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication accommodation theory: A look back and a look ahead
    • W. B. Gudykunst, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Gallois, C., Ogay, T., & Giles, H. (2005). Communication accommodation theory: A look back and a look ahead. In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed.), Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 121-148). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (2005) Theorizing about Intercultural Communication , pp. 121-148
    • Gallois, C.1    Ogay, T.2    Giles, H.3
  • 24
    • 0035649359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revising the language of New South Wales police procedures: Applied linguistics in action
    • Gibbons, J. (2001). Revising the language of New South Wales police procedures: Applied linguistics in action. Applied Linguistics, 22, 439-469.
    • (2001) Applied Linguistics , vol.22 , pp. 439-469
    • Gibbons, J.1
  • 25
  • 26
    • 0003626450 scopus 로고
    • Giles, H., Coupland, N., & Coupland, J, New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Giles, H., Coupland, N., & Coupland, J. (Eds). (1991). The contexts of accommodation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1991) The Contexts of Accommodation
  • 28
    • 84924547257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges of policing democracies: The Russian experience
    • D. K. Das & O. Marenin, Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach
    • Gilinskiy, Y. (2000). Challenges of policing democracies: The Russian experience. In D. K. Das & O. Marenin (Eds.), Challenges of policing democracies: A world perspective (pp. 173-194). Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach.
    • (2000) Challenges of Policing Democracies: A World Perspective , pp. 173-194
    • Gilinskiy, Y.1
  • 29
    • 84998090740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crime prevention: A community policing approach in Russia
    • S. P. Lab & D. K. Das, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
    • Gilinskiy, Y. (2003). Crime prevention: A community policing approach in Russia. In S. P. Lab & D. K. Das (Eds.), International perspectives on community policing and crime prevention (pp. 180-191). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    • (2003) International Perspectives on Community Policing and Crime Prevention , pp. 180-191
    • Gilinskiy, Y.1
  • 30
    • 79957881327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Police and the community in Russia
    • Gilinskiy, Y. (2005). Police and the community in Russia. Police Practice and Research, 6, 331-346.
    • (2005) Police Practice and Research , vol.6 , pp. 331-346
    • Gilinskiy, Y.1
  • 31
    • 0005160558 scopus 로고
    • Gudykunst, W. B., London: Edward Arnold
    • Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.). (1986). Intergroup communication. London: Edward Arnold.
    • (1986) Intergroup Communication
  • 33
    • 85023500681 scopus 로고
    • Cops and robbers. Time, 145 (11)
    • Gwynne, S. C. (1995). Cops and robbers. Time, 145 (11), March 20, p. 45.
    • (1995) March , vol.20 , pp. 45
    • Gwynne, S.C.1
  • 34
    • 79960525874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationships among perceived physician accommodation, perceived outgroup typicality, and patient inclinations toward compliance
    • Hajek, C., Villagran, M., & Wittenberg-Lyles, E. (20078). The relationships among perceived physician accommodation, perceived outgroup typicality, and patient inclinations toward compliance. Communication Research Reports, 24, 293-302.
    • (2007) Communication Research Reports , vol.24 , pp. 293-302
    • Hajek, C.1    Villagran, M.2    Wittenberg-Lyles, E.3
  • 37
    • 0346976522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community views on crime and policing: Survey mode effects on bias in community services
    • Hennigan, K., Maxson, C., Sloane, D., & Ranney, M. (2002). Community views on crime and policing: Survey mode effects on bias in community services. Justice Quarterly, 19, 565-587.
    • (2002) Justice Quarterly , vol.19 , pp. 565-587
    • Hennigan, K.1    Maxson, C.2    Sloane, D.3    Ranney, M.4
  • 39
    • 0034422125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unspeakable emotion: A discursive analysis of police talk about reactions to trauma
    • Howard, C., Tuffin, K., & Stephens, C. (2000). Unspeakable emotion: A discursive analysis of police talk about reactions to trauma. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 19, 295-314.
    • (2000) Journal of Language and Social Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 295-314
    • Howard, C.1    Tuffin, K.2    Stephens, C.3
  • 40
    • 0003115177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Support and confidence: Public attitudes toward the police
    • T. J. Flanagan & D. R. Longmire, Newbury Park, CA: Sage
    • Huang, W., Flanagan, T. J., Longmire, D. R., & Vaughn, M. (1996). Support and confidence: Public attitudes toward the police. In T. J. Flanagan & D. R. Longmire (Eds.), Americans’ view of crime and justice (pp. 31-46). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    • (1996) Americans’ View of Crime and Justice , pp. 31-46
    • Huang, W.1    Flanagan, T.J.2    Longmire, D.R.3    Vaughn, M.4
  • 43
    • 0032326632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The determinants of deadly force: A structural analysis of police violence
    • Jacobs, D., & O’Brien, R. M. (1998). The determinants of deadly force: A structural analysis of police violence. American Journal of Sociology, 103, 837-862.
    • (1998) American Journal of Sociology , vol.103 , pp. 837-862
    • Jacobs, D.1    O’brien, R.M.2
  • 45
    • 0344669143 scopus 로고
    • A methodology for assessing citizen perceptions of police
    • Klyman, F. I., & Kruckenberg, J. (1974). A methodology for assessing citizen perceptions of police. Journal of Criminal Justice, 2, 219-233.
    • (1974) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.2 , pp. 219-233
    • Klyman, F.I.1    Kruckenberg, J.2
  • 47
    • 85023573960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How is the population’s attitude toward police changing?
    • Mazaev, Y. N. (1997). How is the population’s attitude toward police changing? Sotsiologicheskie Issledovaniya, 24, 68-73.
    • (1997) Sotsiologicheskie Issledovaniya , vol.24 , pp. 68-73
    • Mazaev, Y.N.1
  • 49
    • 84920692679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond ethics: The case for compassionate policing
    • Miller, M. J. (1999). Beyond ethics: The case for compassionate policing. The Police Chief, 66, 32.
    • (1999) The Police Chief , vol.66 , pp. 32
    • Miller, M.J.1
  • 50
    • 51349165426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication, language, and law enforcement: An intergroup communication approach
    • P. Glenn, C. LeBaron, & J. Mandelbaum, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
    • Molloy, J., & Giles, H. (2002). Communication, language, and law enforcement: An intergroup communication approach. In P. Glenn, C. LeBaron, & J. Mandelbaum (Eds.), Studies in language and social interaction (pp. 327-340). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • (2002) Studies in Language and Social Interaction , pp. 327-340
    • Molloy, J.1    Giles, H.2
  • 51
    • 85023451848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fairness and effectiveness in policing: The evidence. Committee on Law and Justice
    • Washington, DC: National Academic Press
    • National Research Council (2004). Fairness and effectiveness in policing: The evidence. Committee on Law and Justice, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: National Academic Press.
    • (2004) Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education
  • 52
    • 84934452927 scopus 로고
    • Black and blue: An analysis of the influence of race on being stopped by the police
    • Norris, C., Fielding, N., Kemp, C., & Fielding, J. (1992). Black and blue: An analysis of the influence of race on being stopped by the police. British Journal of Sociology, 43, 207-224.
    • (1992) British Journal of Sociology , vol.43 , pp. 207-224
    • Norris, C.1    Fielding, N.2    Kemp, C.3    Fielding, J.4
  • 53
    • 84883615223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coalition brings positive image to CA law enforcement
    • Oberle, A. (2004). Coalition brings positive image to CA law enforcement. PORAC Law Enforcement News, 36, 26-27.
    • (2004) PORAC Law Enforcement News , vol.36 , pp. 26-27
    • Oberle, A.1
  • 54
    • 84920665338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching Tolerance, Spring
    • Olsen, K. (2005). School of law. Teaching Tolerance, Spring, 40-45.
    • (2005) School of Law , pp. 40-45
    • Olsen, K.1
  • 55
    • 85023537216 scopus 로고
    • Polis-halk iliskileri
    • ïstanbul: Marmara University Institute of Social Sciences
    • Oztaner, E. (1990). Polis-halk iliskileri. Unpublished master’s thesis. ïstanbul: Marmara University Institute of Social Sciences.
    • (1990) Unpublished Master’s Thesis
    • Oztaner, E.1
  • 56
    • 85023502917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Türkiye’de polis-halk ili0kileri ve polis örgütünde halkla ili0kiler eaitimi
    • Elazig: Firat University Institute of Social Sciences
    • 0kiler eaitimi. Unpublished master’s thesis. Elazig: Firat University Institute of Social Sciences.
    • (1997) Unpublished Master’s Thesis
    • Oztekin, I.1
  • 57
    • 84965636031 scopus 로고
    • African Americans’ attitudes toward the local police: A multivariate analysis
    • Parker, K., Onyekwuluje, A., & Murty, K. (1995). African Americans’ attitudes toward the local police: A multivariate analysis. Journal of Black Studies, 25, 396-409.
    • (1995) Journal of Black Studies , vol.25 , pp. 396-409
    • Parker, K.1    Onyekwuluje, A.2    Murty, K.3
  • 58
    • 84970301684 scopus 로고
    • Race and attitudes toward local police: Another look
    • Peek, C. W., Lowe, G. D., & Alston, J. P. (1981). Race and attitudes toward local police: Another look. Journal of Black Studies, 11, 361-374.
    • (1981) Journal of Black Studies , vol.11 , pp. 361-374
    • Peek, C.W.1    Lowe, G.D.2    Alston, J.P.3
  • 63
    • 3042650454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organized crime and social instability in Russia: The alternative state, deviant bureaucracy and social black holes
    • V. E. Bonnell & G. W. Breslauer, Oxford: Westview Press
    • Sergeyev, V. M. (2001). Organized crime and social instability in Russia: The alternative state, deviant bureaucracy and social black holes. In V. E. Bonnell & G. W. Breslauer (Eds.), Russia in the new century: Stability or disorder? (pp. 158-171). Oxford: Westview Press.
    • (2001) Russia in the New Century: Stability Or Disorder? , pp. 158-171
    • Sergeyev, V.M.1
  • 64
    • 33751541851 scopus 로고
    • Confirming and disconfirming organizational communication
    • J. L. Owen, P. A. Paige, & G. I. Zimmerman, St. Paul, MN: West
    • Sieburg, E. (1976). Confirming and disconfirming organizational communication. In J. L. Owen, P. A. Paige, & G. I. Zimmerman (Eds.), Communication in organizations (pp. 129-149). St. Paul, MN: West.
    • (1976) Communication in Organizations , pp. 129-149
    • Sieburg, E.1
  • 65
    • 0011261354 scopus 로고
    • The effect of police uniform on interpersonal perception
    • Singer, M. S., & Singer, A. E. (1985). The effect of police uniform on interpersonal perception. Journal of Psychology, 119, 157-161.
    • (1985) Journal of Psychology , vol.119 , pp. 157-161
    • Singer, M.S.1    Singer, A.E.2
  • 66
    • 84935873072 scopus 로고
    • Equity and discretionary justice: The influence of race on police arrest decisions
    • Smith, D. A., Visher, C. A., & Davidson, L. A. (1984). Equity and discretionary justice: The influence of race on police arrest decisions. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 75, 234-249.
    • (1984) Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology , vol.75 , pp. 234-249
    • Smith, D.A.1    Visher, C.A.2    Davidson, L.A.3
  • 67
    • 84977011040 scopus 로고
    • Victimization, types of citizen-police contacts, and attitudes toward the police
    • Smith, P. E., & Hawkins, R. O. (1973). Victimization, types of citizen-police contacts, and attitudes toward the police. Law and Society Review, 8, 135-152.
    • (1973) Law and Society Review , vol.8 , pp. 135-152
    • Smith, P.E.1    Hawkins, R.O.2
  • 70
    • 0042415427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of procedural justice and legitimacy in shaping public support for policing
    • Sunshine, J., & Tyler, T. (2003a). The role of procedural justice and legitimacy in shaping public support for policing. Law and Society Review, 37, 513-547.
    • (2003) Law and Society Review , vol.37 , pp. 513-547
    • Sunshine, J.1    Tyler, T.2
  • 71
    • 0037496026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moral solidarity, identification with the community, and the importance of procedural justice: The police as prototypical representatives of a group’s moral values
    • Sunshine, J., & Tyler, T. (2003b). Moral solidarity, identification with the community, and the importance of procedural justice: The police as prototypical representatives of a group’s moral values. Social Psychology Quarterly, 66, 153-165.
    • (2003) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.66 , pp. 153-165
    • Sunshine, J.1    Tyler, T.2
  • 72
    • 0042676291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coppin’ an attitude - Attitudinal differences among juveniles toward police
    • Taylor, T., Turner, K., Esbensen, F., & Winfree, L. (2001). Coppin’ an attitude - Attitudinal differences among juveniles toward police. Journal of Criminal Justice, 29, 295-305.
    • (2001) Journal of Criminal Justice , vol.29 , pp. 295-305
    • Taylor, T.1    Turner, K.2    Esbensen, F.3    Winfree, L.4
  • 73
    • 0040412870 scopus 로고
    • Psychological and linguistic parameters of speech accommodation theory
    • C. Fraser & K. R. Scherer, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Thakerar, J., Giles, H., & Cheshire, J. (1982). Psychological and linguistic parameters of speech accommodation theory. In C. Fraser & K. R. Scherer (Eds.), Advances in the social psychology of language (pp. 205-255). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1982) Advances in the Social Psychology of Language , pp. 205-255
    • Thakerar, J.1    Giles, H.2    Cheshire, J.3
  • 75
    • 0141612903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington DC: American Psychological Association
    • Toch, H. (2003). Stress in policing. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (2003) Stress in Policing
    • Toch, H.1
  • 76
    • 10944250127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language and social interaction: Its institutional identity, intellectual landscape, and discipline-shifting agenda
    • Tracy, K., & Haspel, K. (2004). Language and social interaction: Its institutional identity, intellectual landscape, and discipline-shifting agenda. Journal of Communication, 54, 788-816.
    • (2004) Journal of Communication , vol.54 , pp. 788-816
    • Tracy, K.1    Haspel, K.2
  • 77
    • 0034963434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public trust and confidence in legal authorities: What do majority and minority group members want from the law and legal institutions?
    • Tyler, T. R. (2001). Public trust and confidence in legal authorities: What do majority and minority group members want from the law and legal institutions? Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 19, 215-235.
    • (2001) Behavioral Sciences and the Law , vol.19 , pp. 215-235
    • Tyler, T.R.1
  • 80
    • 1842813464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citizens’ perceptions of police misconduct: Race and neighborhood context
    • Weitzer, R. (1999). Citizens’ perceptions of police misconduct: Race and neighborhood context. Journal of Justice Quarterly, 16, 819-846.
    • (1999) Journal of Justice Quarterly , vol.16 , pp. 819-846
    • Weitzer, R.1
  • 81
    • 0035566746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Police lineups: Data, theory, and policy. Psychology
    • Wells, G. (2001). Police lineups: Data, theory, and policy. Psychology, Public Policy and Law, 7, 791-801.
    • (2001) Public Policy and Law , vol.7 , pp. 791-801
    • Wells, G.1
  • 82
    • 0000559530 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the mood of the public toward the police: Some conceptual issues
    • White, M. F., & Menke, B. A. (1982). Assessing the mood of the public toward the police: Some conceptual issues. Criminal Justice, 10, 211-230.
    • (1982) Criminal Justice , vol.10 , pp. 211-230
    • White, M.F.1    Menke, B.A.2
  • 85
    • 0030515531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Justice for all? Race and perceptions of bias in the Ontario criminal justice system: A Toronto survey
    • Wortley, S. (1996). Justice for all? Race and perceptions of bias in the Ontario criminal justice system: A Toronto survey. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 38, 49-467.
    • (1996) Canadian Journal of Criminology , vol.38 , pp. 49-467
    • Wortley, S.1
  • 86
    • 0030524833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes toward community policing: A causal analysis
    • Yates, D. L., & Pillai, V. K. (1996). Attitudes toward community policing: A causal analysis. The Social Science Journal, 33, 193-209.
    • (1996) The Social Science Journal , vol.33 , pp. 193-209
    • Yates, D.L.1    Pillai, V.K.2
  • 87
    • 0039328683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policing and attitudes towards police private in countries in transition
    • M. Pagon, Slovenia: College of Police and Security Studies. Available from National Criminal Justice Reference Service Web site
    • Zveki, U. (1996). Policing and attitudes towards police private in countries in transition. In M. Pagon (Ed.), Policing in Central and Eastern Europe. Ljubljana, Slovenia: College of Police and Security Studies. Available from National Criminal Justice Reference Service Web site, http://www.ncjrs.gov/policing/pol45.htm.
    • (1996) Policing in Central and Eastern Europe. Ljubljana
    • Zveki, U.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.