메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 278, Issue 1718, 2011, Pages 2682-2690

Intra-guild competition and its implications for one of the biggest terrestrial predators, tyrannosaurus rex

Author keywords

Hunting behaviour; Scavenging; Scramble competition; Tyrannosaurus rex

Indexed keywords

CARNIVORE; CARRION; CRETACEOUS; DINOSAUR; ENCOUNTER RATE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; HERBIVORE; INTRAGUILD INTERACTION; PALEOECOLOGY; PALEONTOLOGY; PREDATOR; SCAVENGING (FEEDING); SCRAMBLE COMPETITION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SYMPATRY; TRADE-OFF;

EID: 79960781645     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.2497     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (30)

References (82)
  • 1
    • 0027384840 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the hunting success of an African wild dog pack
    • (doi:10.1006/anbe.1993.1059)
    • Fanshawe, J. H. & Fitzgibbon, C. D. 1993 Factors influencing the hunting success of an African wild dog pack. Anim. Behav. 45, 479-490. (doi:10.1006/anbe.1993.1059)
    • (1993) Behav , vol.45 , pp. 479-490
    • Fanshawe, J.H.1    Fitzgibbon, C.D.2
  • 2
    • 0242268798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet of free-ranging domestic dogs in rural Zimbabwe: Implications for wild scavengers on the periphery of wildlife reserves
    • (doi:10.1017/S136794300200104X)
    • Butler, J. R. A. & Du Toit, J. T. 2002 Diet of free-ranging domestic dogs in rural Zimbabwe: implications for wild scavengers on the periphery of wildlife reserves. Anim. Conserv. 5, 29-37. (doi:10.1017/S136794300200104X)
    • (2002) Anim Conserv , vol.5 , pp. 29-37
    • Butler, J.R.A.1    du Toit, J.T.2
  • 3
    • 0035120171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Four factors modifying the effect of competition on carnivore population dynamics as illustrated by African wild dogs
    • Creel, S. 2001 Four factors modifying the effect of competition on carnivore population dynamics as illustrated by African wild dogs. Conserv. Biol. 15, 271-274.
    • (2001) Conserv Biol , vol.15 , pp. 271-274
    • Creel, S.1
  • 4
    • 0032576742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High hunting costs make African wild dogs vulnerable to kleptoparasitism by hyaenas
    • (doi:10.1038/35131)
    • Gorman, M. L., Mills, M. G., Raath, J. P. & Speakman, J. R. 1998 High hunting costs make African wild dogs vulnerable to kleptoparasitism by hyaenas. Nature 391, 479-481. (doi:10.1038/35131)
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 479-481
    • Gorman, M.L.1    Mills, M.G.2    Raath, J.P.3    Speakman, J.R.4
  • 5
    • 0031458493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the density and distribution of wild dogs in the Kruger National Park
    • (doi:10. 1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96252.x)
    • Mills, M. G. L. & Gorman, M. L. 1997 Factors affecting the density and distribution of wild dogs in the Kruger National Park. Conserv. Biol. 11, 1397-1406. (doi:10. 1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96252.x)
    • (1997) Conserv Biol , vol.11 , pp. 1397-1406
    • Mills, M.G.L.1    Gorman, M.L.2
  • 6
    • 34249952127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nested structure of a scavenger community
    • (doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.0232)
    • Selva, N. & Fortuna, M. A. 2007 The nested structure of a scavenger community. Proc. R. Soc. B 274, 1101-1108. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.0232)
    • (2007) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.274 , pp. 1101-1108
    • Selva, N.1    Fortuna, M.A.2
  • 7
    • 0042412475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scavenging by vertebrates: Behavioral, ecological, and evolutionary perspectives on an important energy transfer pathway in terrestrial ecosystems
    • (doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12378.x)
    • DeVault, T. L., Rhodes, O. E. & Shivik, J. A. 2003 Scavenging by vertebrates: behavioral, ecological, and evolutionary perspectives on an important energy transfer pathway in terrestrial ecosystems. Oikos 102, 225-234. (doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12378.x)
    • (2003) Oikos , vol.102 , pp. 225-234
    • Devault, T.L.1    Rhodes, O.E.2    Shivik, J.A.3
  • 8
    • 0003409263 scopus 로고
    • The behaviour guide to African mammals: Including hoofed mammals, carnivores
    • Berkeley/ Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press
    • Estes, R. D. 1991 The behaviour guide to African mammals: including hoofed mammals, carnivores, primates. Berkeley/ Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
    • (1991) Primates
    • Estes, R.D.1
  • 9
    • 0002587084 scopus 로고
    • The adaptations of scavengers
    • (eds A. R. E. Sinclair & M. Norton-Griffiths, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
    • Houston, D. C. 1979 The adaptations of scavengers. In Serengeti: dynamics of an ecosystem (eds A. R. E. Sinclair & M. Norton-Griffiths), pp. 263-286. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1979) Serengeti: Dynamics of An Ecosystem , pp. 263-286
    • Houston, D.C.1
  • 10
    • 2342535765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obligate vertebrate scavengers must be large soaring fliers
    • (doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.02.005)
    • Ruxton, G. D. & Houston, D. C. 2004 Obligate vertebrate scavengers must be large soaring fliers. J. Theor. Biol. 228, 431-436. (doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.02.005)
    • (2004) J. Theor. Biol , vol.228 , pp. 431-436
    • Ruxton, G.D.1    Houston, D.C.2
  • 11
    • 0030390199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Megatherium, the stabber
    • Farin ̃ a, R. A. & Blanco, R. E, (doi:10.1098/ rspb.1996.0252)
    • Farin ̃ a, R. A. & Blanco, R. E. 1996 Megatherium, the stabber. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 263, 1725-1729. (doi:10.1098/ rspb.1996.0252)
    • (1996) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.263 , pp. 1725-1729
  • 12
    • 48249144765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology
    • (doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0002271)
    • Witton, M. P. & Naish, D. 2008 A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology. PLoS ONE 3, e2271. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0002271)
    • (2008) PLoS ONE , vol.e2271 , pp. 3
    • Witton, M.P.1    Naish, D.2
  • 13
    • 77950561697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studying function and behavior in the fossil record
    • (doi:10.1371/journal. pbio.1000321)
    • Benton, M. 2010 Studying function and behavior in the fossil record. PLoS Biol. 3, e1000321. (doi:10.1371/journal. pbio.1000321)
    • (2010) PLoS Biol , vol.e1000321 , pp. 3
    • Benton, M.1
  • 14
    • 0002169485 scopus 로고
    • The Cretaceous theropodous dinosaur Gorgosaurus
    • Lambe, L. B. 1917 The Cretaceous theropodous dinosaur Gorgosaurus. Memoirs Geol. Survey Canada 100, 1-84.
    • (1917) Memoirs Geol Survey Canada , vol.100 , pp. 1-84
    • Lambe, L.B.1
  • 15
    • 0028193619 scopus 로고
    • Speculations about the carrionlocating ability of tyrannosaurs
    • (doi:10.1080/10292389409380450)
    • Farlow, J. O. 1994 Speculations about the carrionlocating ability of tyrannosaurs. Hist. Biol. 7, 159-165. (doi:10.1080/10292389409380450)
    • (1994) Hist Biol , vol.7 , pp. 159-165
    • Farlow, J.O.1
  • 16
    • 0040170948 scopus 로고
    • Steak knives, beady eyes, and tiny little arms
    • (a portrait of T. rex as a scavenger)
    • Horner, J. R. 1994 Steak knives, beady eyes, and tiny little arms (a portrait of T. rex as a scavenger). Palaeontol. Soc. Special Publ. 7, 157-164.
    • (1994) Soc Special Publ , vol.7 , pp. 157-164
    • Horner, J.R.1
  • 17
    • 0037425054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Could Tyrannosaurus rex have been a scavenger rather than a predator? An energetics approach
    • (doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2279)
    • Ruxton, G. D. & Houston, D. C. 2003 Could Tyrannosaurus rex have been a scavenger rather than a predator? An energetics approach. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 270, 731-733. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2279)
    • (2003) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.270 , pp. 731-733
    • Ruxton, G.D.1    Houston, D.C.2
  • 18
    • 3242732338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cranial mechanics and feeding in Tyrannosaurus rex
    • (doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2755)
    • Rayfield, E. J. 2004 Cranial mechanics and feeding in Tyrannosaurus rex. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 271, 1451-1459. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2755)
    • (2004) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.271 , pp. 1451-1459
    • Rayfield, E.J.1
  • 19
    • 63949085260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extreme lifestyles and habits of the gigantic tyrannosaurid superpredators of the Late Cretaceous of North America and Asia
    • (eds P. Larson & K. Carpenter, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press
    • Paul, G. S. 2008 The extreme lifestyles and habits of the gigantic tyrannosaurid superpredators of the Late Cretaceous of North America and Asia. In Tyrannosaurus rex: the tyrant king (eds P. Larson & K. Carpenter), pp. 307-352. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
    • (2008) Tyrannosaurus Rex: The Tyrant King , pp. 307-352
    • Paul, G.S.1
  • 20
    • 0029664224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bite-force estimation for Tyrannosaurus rex from tooth-marked bones
    • (doi:10.1038/382706a0)
    • Erickson, G. M., Van Kirk, S. D., Su, J., Levenston, M. E., Caler, W. E. & Carter, D. R. 1996 Bite-force estimation for Tyrannosaurus rex from tooth-marked bones. Nature 382, 706-708. (doi:10.1038/382706a0)
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 706-708
    • Erickson, G.M.1    van Kirk, S.D.2    Su, J.3    Levenston, M.E.4    Caler, W.E.5    Carter, D.R.6
  • 22
    • 0034419619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A digitally-rendered endocast for Tyrannosaurus rex
    • (doi:10. 1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0001:ADREFT]2.0.CO;2)
    • Brochu, C. A. 2000 A digitally-rendered endocast for Tyrannosaurus rex. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 20, 1-6. (doi:10. 1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0001:ADREFT]2.0.CO;2)
    • (2000) J. Vertebr. Paleontol , vol.20 , pp. 1-6
    • Brochu, C.A.1
  • 23
    • 58249112179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory acuity in theropods: Palaeobiological and evolutionary implications
    • (doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1075)
    • Zelenitsky, D. K., Therrien, F. & Kobayashi, Y. 2009 Olfactory acuity in theropods: palaeobiological and evolutionary implications. Proc. R. Soc. B 276, 667-673. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1075)
    • (2009) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.276 , pp. 667-673
    • Zelenitsky, D.K.1    Therrien, F.2    Kobayashi, Y.3
  • 24
    • 0141479491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fossil record of predation in dinosaurs
    • Farlow, J. O. & Holtz, T. R. J. 2002 The fossil record of predation in dinosaurs. Paleontol. Society Papers 8, 251-265.
    • (2002) Paleontol Society Papers , vol.8 , pp. 251-265
    • Farlow, J.O.1    Holtz, T.R.J.2
  • 25
    • 0141614992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum bite force and prey size of Tyrannosaurus rex and their relationship to the inference of feeding behaviour
    • Meers, M. B. 2002 Maximum bite force and prey size of Tyrannosaurus rex and their relationship to the inference of feeding behaviour. Hist. Biol. 16, 1-12.
    • (2002) Hist Biol , vol.16 , pp. 1-12
    • Meers, M.B.1
  • 26
    • 33746303685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating population density from indirect sign: Track counts and the Formozov-Malyshev-Pereleshin formula
    • (doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2006.00044.x)
    • Stephens, P. A., Zaumyslova, O. Y., Miquelle, D. G., Myslenkov, A. I. & Hayward,G.D. 2006 Estimating population density from indirect sign: track counts and the Formozov-Malyshev-Pereleshin formula. Anim. Conserv. 9, 339-348. (doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2006.00044.x)
    • (2006) Anim Conserv , vol.9 , pp. 339-348
    • Stephens, P.A.1    Zaumyslova, O.Y.2    Miquelle, D.G.3    Myslenkov, A.I.4
  • 28
    • 0026312809 scopus 로고
    • Optimal group size: The need for lions to defend their kills against loss to spotted hyaenas
    • (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028. 1991.tb00993.x)
    • Cooper, S. M. 1991 Optimal group size: the need for lions to defend their kills against loss to spotted hyaenas. Afr. J. Ecol. 29, 130-136. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028. 1991.tb00993.x)
    • (1991) J. Ecol , vol.29 , pp. 130-136
    • Cooper, S.M.1
  • 29
    • 0001705901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Denticle morphometrics and a possibly omnivorous feeding habit for the theropod dinosaur Troodon
    • Holtz, T. R. J., Brinkman, D. L. & Chandler, C. L. 1998 Denticle morphometrics and a possibly omnivorous feeding habit for the theropod dinosaur Troodon. Gaia 15, 159-166.
    • (1998) Gaia , vol.15 , pp. 159-166
    • Holtz, T.R.J.1    Brinkman, D.L.2    Chandler, C.L.3
  • 30
    • 0037136579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An unusual oviraptorosaurian dinosaur from China
    • (doi:10.1038/nature00966)
    • Xu, X., Cheng, Y., Wang, X. & Chang, H. 2002 An unusual oviraptorosaurian dinosaur from China. Nature 419, 291-293. (doi:10.1038/nature00966)
    • (2002) Nature , vol.419 , pp. 291-293
    • Xu, X.1    Cheng, Y.2    Wang, X.3    Chang, H.4
  • 31
    • 78449265913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New evidence for a trophic relationship between the dinosaurs Velociraptor and Protoceratops
    • Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol (doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.03.028)
    • Hone, D., Choiniere, J., Sullivan, C., Xu, X., Pittman, M. & Tan, Q. 2010 New evidence for a trophic relationship between the dinosaurs Velociraptor and Protoceratops. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 291, 488-492. (doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.03.028)
    • (2010) , vol.291 , pp. 488-492
    • Hone, D.1    Choiniere, J.2    Sullivan, C.3    Xu, X.4    Pittman, M.5    Tan, Q.6
  • 32
    • 33746017657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tyrannosaur life tables: An example of nonavian dinosaur population biology
    • (doi:10.1126/science.1125721)
    • Erickson, G. M., Currie, P. J., Inouye, B. D. & Winn, A. A. 2006 Tyrannosaur life tables: An example of nonavian dinosaur population biology. Science 313, 213-217. (doi:10.1126/science.1125721)
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , pp. 213-217
    • Erickson, G.M.1    Currie, P.J.2    Inouye, B.D.3    Winn, A.A.4
  • 33
    • 0036065875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small theropod and bird teeth from the Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) Judith River Group, Alberta
    • Sankey, J. T., Brinkman, D. B., Guenther, M. & Currie, P. J. 2002 Small theropod and bird teeth from the Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) Judith River Group, Alberta. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 76, 751-763.
    • (2002) J. Vertebr. Paleontol , vol.76 , pp. 751-763
    • Sankey, J.T.1    Brinkman, D.B.2    Guenther, M.3    Currie, P.J.4
  • 34
    • 4043159096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs
    • (doi:10.1038/ nature02699)
    • Erickson, G. M., Makovicky, P. J., Currie, P. J., Norell, M. A., Yerby, S. A. & Brochu, C. A. 2004 Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs. Nature 430, 772-775. (doi:10.1038/ nature02699)
    • (2004) Nature , vol.430 , pp. 772-775
    • Erickson, G.M.1    Makovicky, P.J.2    Currie, P.J.3    Norell, M.A.4    Yerby, S.A.5    Brochu, C.A.6
  • 36
    • 34047195461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • My theropod is bigger than yours. Or not: Estimating body size from skull length in theropods
    • (doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[108:MTIBTY] 2.0.CO;2)
    • Therrien, F. & Henderson, D. M. 2007 My theropod is bigger than yours. or not: estimating body size from skull length in theropods. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 27, 108-115. (doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[108:MTIBTY] 2.0.CO;2)
    • (2007) J. Vertebr. Paleontol , pp. 108-115
    • Therrien, F.1    Henderson, D.M.2
  • 37
    • 0000676898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strength indicator values of theropod long bones, with comments on limb proportions and cursorial potential
    • Christiansen, P. 1998 Strength indicator values of theropod long bones, with comments on limb proportions and cursorial potential. Gaia 15, 241-255.
    • (1998) Gaia , vol.15 , pp. 241-255
    • Christiansen, P.1
  • 38
    • 65249135018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A microraptorine (Dinosauria-Dromaeosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of North America
    • (doi:10.1073/pnas.0811664106)
    • Longrich, N. R. & Currie, P. J. 2009 A microraptorine (Dinosauria-Dromaeosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of North America. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 5002-5007. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0811664106)
    • (2009) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.106 , pp. 5002-5007
    • Longrich, N.R.1    Currie, P.J.2
  • 39
    • 79960819437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predatory dinosaurs of the world
    • NY: Simon and Schuster
    • Paul, G. S. 1998 Predatory dinosaurs of the world. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
    • (1998) New York
    • Paul, G.S.1
  • 40
    • 0027869156 scopus 로고
    • New caenagnathid(Dinosauria:Theropoda) specimens fromtheUpper Cretaceous of North America and Asia
    • (doi:10.1139/e93-196)
    • Currie, P. J., Godfrey, S. J. & Nessov, L. 1993 New caenagnathid(Dinosauria:Theropoda) specimens fromtheUpper Cretaceous of North America and Asia. Can. J. Earth Sci. 30, 2255-2272. (doi:10.1139/e93-196)
    • (1993) J. Earth Sci , vol.30 , pp. 2255-2272
    • Currie, P.J.1    Godfrey, S.J.2    Nessov, L.3
  • 42
    • 0031665482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taphonomy and suggested structure of the dinosaurian assemblage of the Hell Creek Formation (Maastrichtian), eastern Montana and western North Dakota
    • (doi:10.2307/3515280)
    • White, P. D., Fastovsky, D. E. & Sheehan, P. M. 1998 Taphonomy and suggested structure of the dinosaurian assemblage of the Hell Creek Formation (Maastrichtian), eastern Montana and western North Dakota. Palaios 13, 41-51. (doi:10.2307/3515280)
    • (1998) Palaios , vol.13 , pp. 41-51
    • White, P.D.1    Fastovsky, D.E.2    Sheehan, P.M.3
  • 44
    • 2942590210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of small individuals to density-body size relationships: Examination of energetic equivalence in reef fishes
    • (doi:10.1007/ s00442-004-1536-0)
    • Ackerman, J. L., Bellwood, D. R. & Brown, J. H. 2004 The contribution of small individuals to density-body size relationships: examination of energetic equivalence in reef fishes. Oecologia 139, 568-571. (doi:10.1007/ s00442-004-1536-0)
    • (2004) Oecologia , vol.139 , pp. 568-571
    • Ackerman, J.L.1    Bellwood, D.R.2    Brown, J.H.3
  • 45
    • 0019446386 scopus 로고
    • Population density and body size in mammals
    • (doi:10.1038/290699a0)
    • Damuth, J. 1981 Population density and body size in mammals. Nature 290, 699-700. (doi:10.1038/290699a0)
    • (1981) Nature , vol.290 , pp. 699-700
    • Damuth, J.1
  • 46
    • 13944257425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of day range in mammals
    • (doi:10. 1086/426790)
    • Carbone, C., Cowlishaw, G., Isaac, N. J. B. & Rowcliffe, J. M. 2005 How far do animals go? Determinants of day range in mammals. Am. Nat. 165, 290-297. (doi:10. 1086/426790)
    • (2005) Am. Nat , vol.165 , pp. 290-297
    • Carbone, C.1    Cowlishaw, G.2    Isaac, N.J.B.3    Rowcliffe, J.M.4
  • 47
    • 0037155606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A common rule for the scaling of carnivore density
    • (doi:10.1126/science.1067994)
    • Carbone, C. & Gittleman, J. L. 2002 A common rule for the scaling of carnivore density. Science 295, 2273-2276. (doi:10.1126/science.1067994)
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , pp. 2273-2276
    • Carbone, C.1    Gittleman, J.L.2
  • 48
    • 0000737820 scopus 로고
    • Implications for body-mass estimates for dinosaurs
    • (doi:10. 1080/02724634.1995.10011575)
    • Peczkis, J. 1995 Implications for body-mass estimates for dinosaurs. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 14, 520-533. (doi:10. 1080/02724634.1995.10011575)
    • (1995) J. Vertebr. Paleontol , vol.14 , pp. 520-533
    • Peczkis, J.1
  • 49
    • 0037647775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revision of the dinosaur Stegoceras Lambe (Ornithischia, Pachycephalosauridae)
    • (doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2003) 23[181:ROTDSL]2.0.CO;2)
    • Sullivan, R. M. 2003 Revision of the dinosaur Stegoceras Lambe (Ornithischia, Pachycephalosauridae). J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 23, 181-207. (doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2003) 23[181:ROTDSL]2.0.CO;2)
    • (2003) J. Vertebr. Paleontol , vol.23 , pp. 181-207
    • Sullivan, R.M.1
  • 50
    • 77749246023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taxonomic revision of the basal neornithischian taxa Thescelosaurus and Bugenasaura
    • (doi:10.1671/039.029.0328)
    • Boyd, C. A., Brown, C. M., Scheetz, R. D. & Clarke, J. A. 2009 Taxonomic revision of the basal neornithischian taxa Thescelosaurus and Bugenasaura. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 29, 758-770. (doi:10.1671/039.029.0328)
    • (2009) J. Vertebr. Paleontol , vol.29 , pp. 758-770
    • Boyd, C.A.1    Brown, C.M.2    Scheetz, R.D.3    Clarke, J.A.4
  • 51
    • 70449578909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extreme cranial ontogeny in the Upper Cretaceous dinosaur Pachycephalosaurus
    • (doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0007626)
    • Horner, J. R. & Goodwin, M. B. 2009 Extreme cranial ontogeny in the Upper Cretaceous dinosaur Pachycephalosaurus. PLoS ONE 4, e7626. (doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0007626)
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.e7626 , pp. 4
    • Horner, J.R.1    Goodwin, M.B.2
  • 52
    • 77956048127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Torosaurus Marsh, 1891, is Triceratops Marsh, 1889 (Ceratopsidae: Chasmosaurinae): Synonymy through ontogeny
    • (doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.483632)
    • Scannella, J. B. & Horner, J. R. 2010 Torosaurus Marsh, 1891, is Triceratops Marsh, 1889 (Ceratopsidae: Chasmosaurinae): synonymy through ontogeny. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 30, 1157-1168. (doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.483632)
    • (2010) J. Vertebr. Paleontol , vol.30 , pp. 1157-1168
    • Scannella, J.B.1    Horner, J.R.2
  • 53
    • 0027067252 scopus 로고
    • A new diplodocid sauropod (Dinosauria) fromWyoming
    • (doi:10.1080/ 02724634.1992.10011446)
    • McIntosh, J. S., Coombs, W. P. J. & Russell, D. A. 1992 A new diplodocid sauropod (Dinosauria) fromWyoming, U.S.A. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 12, 158-167. (doi:10.1080/ 02724634.1992.10011446)
    • (1992) U.S.A. J. Vertebr. Paleontol , vol.12 , pp. 158-167
    • McIntosh, J.S.1    Coombs, W.P.J.2    Russell, D.A.3
  • 54
    • 16344390997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diet of ostrich dinosaurs (Theropoda: Ornithomimosauria)
    • (doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00448.x)
    • Barrett, P. M. 2005 The diet of ostrich dinosaurs (Theropoda: Ornithomimosauria). Palaeontology 48, 347-358. (doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00448.x)
    • (2005) Palaeontology , vol.48 , pp. 347-358
    • Barrett, P.M.1
  • 55
    • 79960828554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (eds P. J. Currie & K. Padian), pp, San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Ryan, M. J., Vickaryous, M. K. 1997Diet. In Encyclopedia of dinosaurs (eds P. J. Currie & K. Padian), pp. 169-174. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1997) In Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs
    • Ryan, M.J.1    Vickaryous, M.K.2
  • 56
    • 0141503417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat partitioning and living space requirements of terrestrial vertebrate predators: Implications for the paleoecology of large theropod dinosaurs
    • 2002 Bodysizeoverlap
    • Farlow, J.O., Pianka, E.R. 2002Bodysizeoverlap, habitat partitioning and living space requirements of terrestrial vertebrate predators: implications for the paleoecology of large theropod dinosaurs. Hist. Biol. 16, 21-40.
    • Hist. Biol , vol.16 , pp. 21-40
    • Farlow, J.O.1    Pianka, E.R.2
  • 57
    • 63649103807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high latitude vertebrate fossil assemblage from the Late Cretaceous of westcentral Alberta: Evidence for dinosaur nesting and vertebrate latitudinal gradient
    • (doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.02.007)
    • Fanti, F. & Miyashita, T. 2009 A high latitude vertebrate fossil assemblage from the Late Cretaceous of westcentral Alberta: evidence for dinosaur nesting and vertebrate latitudinal gradient. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol. 275, 37-53. (doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.02.007)
    • (2009) Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol, Palaeoecol , vol.275 , pp. 37-53
    • Fanti, F.1    Miyashita, T.2
  • 58
    • 0002034240 scopus 로고
    • Predator/prey biomass ratios, community food webs and dinosaur physiology
    • (eds D. K. Thomas & E. C. Olson, Washington, DC: Westview Press
    • Farlow, J. O. 1980 Predator/prey biomass ratios, community food webs and dinosaur physiology. In A cold look at warm-blooded dinosaurs (eds D. K. Thomas & E. C. Olson), pp. 55-83. Washington, DC: Westview Press.
    • (1980) A Cold Look At Warm-blooded Dinosaurs , pp. 55-83
    • Farlow, J.O.1
  • 59
    • 0004093665 scopus 로고
    • Scaling: Why is animal size so important?
    • UK: Cambridge University Press
    • Schmidt-Nielsen, K. 1984 Scaling: Why is animal size so important? Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1984) Cambridge
    • Schmidt-Nielsen, K.1
  • 60
    • 5044239901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The scaling of animal space use
    • (doi:10.1126/science.1102138)
    • Jetz, W., Carbone, C., Fulford, J. & Brown, J. H. 2004 The scaling of animal space use. Science 306, 266-268. (doi:10.1126/science.1102138)
    • (2004) Science , vol.306 , pp. 266-268
    • Jetz, W.1    Carbone, C.2    Fulford, J.3    Brown, J.H.4
  • 61
    • 0004186746 scopus 로고
    • Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
    • Kruuk, H. 1972 The spotted hyena. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1972) The Spotted Hyena
    • Kruuk, H.1
  • 62
    • 20444376963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding success of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in the Serengeti: The effects of group size and kleptoparasitism
    • (doi:10.1017/S0952836905006710)
    • Carbone, C. et al. 2005 Feeding success of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in the Serengeti: the effects of group size and kleptoparasitism. J. Zool. 266, 153-161. (doi:10.1017/S0952836905006710)
    • (2005) J. Zool , vol.266 , pp. 153-161
    • Carbone, C.1
  • 63
    • 0026312809 scopus 로고
    • Optimal hunting group-size: The need for lions to defend their kills against loss to spotted hyaenas
    • (doi:10.1111/j.1365- 2028.1991.tb00993.x)
    • Cooper, S. M. 1991 Optimal hunting group-size: the need for lions to defend their kills against loss to spotted hyaenas. Afr. J. Ecol. 29, 130-136. (doi:10.1111/j.1365- 2028.1991.tb00993.x)
    • (1991) J. Ecol , vol.29 , pp. 130-136
    • Cooper, S.M.1
  • 64
    • 63249117342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallels between playbacks and Pleistocene tar seeps suggest sociality in an extinct sabretooth cat Smilodon
    • (doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0526)
    • Carbone, C., Maddox, T., Funston, P. J., Mills, M. G. L., Grether, G. F. & Van Valkenburgh, B. 2009 Parallels between playbacks and Pleistocene tar seeps suggest sociality in an extinct sabretooth cat Smilodon. Biol. Lett. 5, 81-85. (doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0526)
    • (2009) Biol Lett , vol.5 , pp. 81-85
    • Carbone, C.1    Maddox, T.2    Funston, P.J.3    Mills, M.G.L.4    Grether, G.F.5    van Valkenburgh, B.6
  • 65
    • 0016615594 scopus 로고
    • Pterosaur fromthe latestCretaceous of west Texas: Discovery of the largest flying creature
    • Lawson,D.A, (doi:10.1126/science.187.4180.947)
    • Lawson,D.A. 1975 Pterosaur fromthe latestCretaceous of west Texas: discovery of the largest flying creature. Science 185, 947-948. (doi:10.1126/science.187.4180.947)
    • (1975) Science , vol.185 , pp. 947-948
  • 66
    • 7044222264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanical modeling and sensitivity analysis of bipedal running ability
    • (doi:10.1002/ jmor. 10240)
    • Hutchinson, J. R. 2004 Biomechanical modeling and sensitivity analysis of bipedal running ability. II. Extinct taxa. J. Morphol. 262, 441-461. (doi:10.1002/ jmor. 10240)
    • (2004) J. Morphol , vol.262 , pp. 441-461
    • Hutchinson, J.R.1
  • 67
    • 35048856404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating maximum running speeds using evolutionary robotics
    • Sellers,W. I. &Manning, P. L, (doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0846)
    • Sellers,W. I. &Manning, P. L. 2007 Estimating maximum running speeds using evolutionary robotics. Proc. R. Soc. B 274, 2711-2716. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0846)
    • (2007) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.274 , pp. 2711-2716
  • 68
    • 0034977703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecology and macroecology of mammalian home range area
    • (doi:10.1086/320621)
    • Kelt, D. A. & Van Vuren, D. H. 2001 The ecology and macroecology of mammalian home range area. Am. Nat. 157, 637-645. (doi:10.1086/320621)
    • (2001) Am. Nat , vol.157 , pp. 637-645
    • Kelt, D.A.1    van Vuren, D.H.2
  • 70
    • 0037412331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dinosaur body temperatures: The occurrence of endothermy and ectothermy
    • (doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2003)029, 0105: DBTTOO.2.0.CO;2)
    • Seebacher, F. 2003 Dinosaur body temperatures: the occurrence of endothermy and ectothermy. Paleobiology 29, 105-122. (doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2003)029,0105: DBTTOO.2.0.CO;2)
    • (2003) Paleobiology , vol.29 , pp. 105-122
    • Seebacher, F.1
  • 71
    • 70450202661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanics of running indicates endothermy in bipedal dinosaurs
    • (doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0007783)
    • Pontzer, H., Allen, V. & Hutchinson, J. R. 2009 Biomechanics of running indicates endothermy in bipedal dinosaurs. PLoS ONE 4, e7783. (doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0007783)
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.e7783 , pp. 4
    • Pontzer, H.1    Allen, V.2    Hutchinson, J.R.3
  • 72
    • 0002532328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baryonyx walkeri, a fish-eating dinosaur from the Wealden of Surrey
    • Charig, A. J. & Milner, A. C. 1997 Baryonyx walkeri, a fish-eating dinosaur from the Wealden of Surrey. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. 53, 11-70.
    • (1997) Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus , vol.53 , pp. 11-70
    • Charig, A.J.1    Milner, A.C.2
  • 73
    • 38149005385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional morphology of spinosaur 'crocodilemimic' dinosaurs
    • (doi: 10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[892:FMOSCD]2.0. CO;2)
    • Rayfield, E. J., Milner, A. C., Xuan, V. B. & Young, P. G. 2007 Functional morphology of spinosaur 'crocodilemimic' dinosaurs. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 27, 892-901. (doi: 10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[892:FMOSCD]2.0. CO;2)
    • (2007) J. Vertebr. Paleontol , vol.27 , pp. 892-901
    • Rayfield, E.J.1    Milner, A.C.2    Xuan, V.B.3    Young, P.G.4
  • 74
    • 77950237100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen isotope evidence for semiaquatic habits among spinosaurid theropods
    • (doi:10.1130/G30402.1)
    • Amiot, R. et al. 2010 Oxygen isotope evidence for semiaquatic habits among spinosaurid theropods. Geology 38, 139-142. (doi:10.1130/G30402.1)
    • (2010) Geology , vol.38 , pp. 139-142
    • Amiot, R.1
  • 75
    • 0036764846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dinosaurian and mammalian predators compared
    • (doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2002)028, 0527: DAMPC.2.0.CO;2)
    • Van Valkenburgh, B. & Molnar, R. E. 2002 Dinosaurian and mammalian predators compared. Paleobiology 28, 527-543. (doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2002)028,0527: DAMPC.2.0.CO;2)
    • (2002) Paleobiology , vol.28 , pp. 527-543
    • van Valkenburgh, B.1    Molnar, R.E.2
  • 76
    • 67749088281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sociality in Rancho La Brea Smilodon: Arguments favour 'evidence' over 'coincidence'
    • (doi:10.1098/ rsbl.2009.0261)
    • Van Valkenburgh, B., Maddox, T., Funston, P. J., Mills, M. G. L., Grether, G. F. & Carbone, C. 2009 Sociality in Rancho La Brea Smilodon: arguments favour 'evidence' over 'coincidence'. Biol. Lett. 5, 563-564. (doi:10.1098/ rsbl.2009.0261)
    • (2009) Biol Lett , vol.5 , pp. 563-564
    • van Valkenburgh, B.1    Maddox, T.2    Funston, P.J.3    Mills, M.G.L.4    Grether, G.F.5    Carbone, C.6
  • 77
    • 21844518567 scopus 로고
    • Taphonomy and paleobiological implications of Tenontosaurus-Deinonychus associations
    • (doi:10. 1080/02724634.1995.10011256)
    • Maxwell, W. D. & Ostrom, J. 1995 Taphonomy and paleobiological implications of Tenontosaurus-Deinonychus associations. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 15, 707-712. (doi:10. 1080/02724634.1995.10011256)
    • (1995) J. Vertebr. Paleontol , vol.15 , pp. 707-712
    • Maxwell, W.D.1    Ostrom, J.2
  • 78
    • 43049120946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reevaluation of cooperative pack hunting and gregariousness in Deinonychus antirrhopus and other nonavian theropod dinosaurs
    • (doi:10.3374/0079-032X(2007)48[103:AROCPH] 2.0.CO;2)
    • Roach, B. T. & Brinkman, D. L. 2007 A reevaluation of cooperative pack hunting and gregariousness in Deinonychus antirrhopus and other nonavian theropod dinosaurs. Bull. Peabody Museum Nat. Hist. 48, 103- 138. (doi:10.3374/0079-032X(2007)48[103:AROCPH] 2.0.CO;2)
    • (2007) Bull. Peabody Museum Nat. Hist. 48, 103- , pp. 138
    • Roach, B.T.1    Brinkman, D.L.2
  • 79
    • 0005646077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible evidence of gregarious behavior in tyrannosaurids
    • Currie, P. J. 1998 Possible evidence of gregarious behavior in tyrannosaurids. Gaia 15, 271-277.
    • (1998) Gaia , vol.15 , pp. 271-277
    • Currie, P.J.1
  • 80
    • 0035033355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gut contents from a Cretaceous tyrannosaurid: Implications for theropod dinosaur digestive tracts
    • (doi:10.1666/0022- 3360(2001)075, 0401:GCFACT.2.0.CO;2)
    • Varricchio, D. J. 2001 Gut contents from a Cretaceous tyrannosaurid: implications for theropod dinosaur digestive tracts. J. Paleontol. 75, 401-406. (doi:10.1666/0022- 3360(2001)075,0401:GCFACT.2.0.CO;2)
    • (2001) J. Paleontol , vol.75 , pp. 401-406
    • Varricchio, D.J.1
  • 81
    • 0033581877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energetic constraints on the diet of terrestrial carnivores
    • (doi:10.1038/46266)
    • Carbone, C., Mace, G. M., Roberts, S. C. & Macdonald, D. W. 1999 Energetic constraints on the diet of terrestrial carnivores. Nature 402, 286-288. (doi:10.1038/46266)
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , pp. 286-288
    • Carbone, C.1    Mace, G.M.2    Roberts, S.C.3    Macdonald, D.W.4
  • 82
    • 33846966311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The costs of carnivory
    • (doi:10. 1371/journal.pbio.0050022)
    • Carbone, C., Teacher, A. & Rowcliffe, J. M. 2007 The costs of carnivory. PLoS Biol. 5, 363-368. (doi:10. 1371/journal.pbio.0050022)
    • (2007) PLoS Biol , vol.5 , pp. 363-368
    • Carbone, C.1    Teacher, A.2    Rowcliffe, J.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.