메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 108, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2011, Pages 10816-10822

Spatiotemporal environmental variation, risk aversion, and the evolution of cooperative breeding as a bet-hedging strategy

Author keywords

Climatic uncertainty; Habitat heterogeneity; Unpredictability

Indexed keywords

CONFERENCE PAPER; COOPERATIVE BREEDING; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FERTILITY; FITNESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGENY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL EVOLUTION;

EID: 79960638735     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1100303108     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (106)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 0013770258 scopus 로고
    • The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I
    • Hamilton WD (1964) The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I. J Theor Biol 7:1-16.
    • (1964) J Theor Biol , vol.7 , pp. 1-16
    • Hamilton, W.D.1
  • 2
    • 0002511062 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of social behavior by kin selection
    • West-Eberhard MJ (1975) The evolution of social behavior by kin selection. Q Rev Biol 50:1-33.
    • (1975) Q Rev Biol , vol.50 , pp. 1-33
    • West-Eberhard, M.J.1
  • 4
    • 34547916802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kin selection versus sexual selection: Why the ends do not meet
    • Boomsma JJ (2007) Kin selection versus sexual selection: Why the ends do not meet. Curr Biol 17:R673-R683.
    • (2007) Curr Biol , vol.17
    • Boomsma, J.J.1
  • 5
    • 72649099089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifetime monogamy and the evolution of eusociality
    • Boomsma JJ (2009) Lifetime monogamy and the evolution of eusociality. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 364:3191-3207.
    • (2009) Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.364 , pp. 3191-3207
    • Boomsma, J.J.1
  • 6
    • 45849109176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ancestral monogamy shows kin selection is key to the evolution of eusociality
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1156108
    • Hughes WOH, Oldroyd BP, Beekman M, Ratnieks FLW (2008) Ancestral monogamy shows kin selection is key to the evolution of eusociality. Science 320:1213-1216. (Pubitemid 351929509)
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , Issue.5880 , pp. 1213-1216
    • Hughes, W.O.H.1    Oldroyd, B.P.2    Beekman, M.3    Ratnieks, F.L.W.4
  • 7
    • 77955909557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promiscuity and the evolutionary transition to complex societies
    • Cornwallis CK, West SA, Davis KE, Griffin AS (2010) Promiscuity and the evolutionary transition to complex societies. Nature 466:969-972.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.466 , pp. 969-972
    • Cornwallis, C.K.1    West, S.A.2    Davis, K.E.3    Griffin, A.S.4
  • 8
    • 72649083403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of cooperative breeding in birds: Kinship, dispersal and life history
    • Hatchwell BJ (2009) The evolution of cooperative breeding in birds: Kinship, dispersal and life history. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 364:3217-3227.
    • (2009) Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.364 , pp. 3217-3227
    • Hatchwell, B.J.1
  • 9
    • 77958120645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinship affects investment by helpers in a cooperatively breeding bird
    • Nam KB, Simeoni M, Sharp SP, Hatchwell BJ (2010) Kinship affects investment by helpers in a cooperatively breeding bird. Proc Biol Sci 277:3299-3306.
    • (2010) Proc Biol Sci , vol.277 , pp. 3299-3306
    • Nam, K.B.1    Simeoni, M.2    Sharp, S.P.3    Hatchwell, B.J.4
  • 10
    • 79952735589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of recruitment, relatedness and cooperative breeding in two populations of long-tailed tits
    • Sharp SP, Simeoni M, McGowan A, Nam K-B, Hatchwell BJ (2011) Patterns of recruitment, relatedness and cooperative breeding in two populations of long-tailed tits. Anim Behav 81:843-849.
    • (2011) Anim Behav , vol.81 , pp. 843-849
    • Sharp, S.P.1    Simeoni, M.2    McGowan, A.3    Nam, K.-B.4    Hatchwell, B.J.5
  • 11
    • 79151485121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental uncertainty and the global biogeography of cooperative breeding in birds
    • Jetz W, Rubenstein DR (2011) Environmental uncertainty and the global biogeography of cooperative breeding in birds. Curr Biol 21:72-78.
    • (2011) Curr Biol , vol.21 , pp. 72-78
    • Jetz, W.1    Rubenstein, D.R.2
  • 12
    • 34547923183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal Environmental Variability Drives the Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in Birds
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2007.07.032, PII S0960982207017113
    • Rubenstein DR, Lovette IJ (2007) Temporal environmental variability drives the evolution of cooperative breeding in birds. Curr Biol 17:1414-1419. (Pubitemid 47259383)
    • (2007) Current Biology , vol.17 , Issue.16 , pp. 1414-1419
    • Rubenstein, D.R.1    Lovette, I.J.2
  • 13
    • 0000145115 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of social behavior
    • Alexander RD (1974) The evolution of social behavior. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 5: 325-383.
    • (1974) Annu Rev Ecol Syst , vol.5 , pp. 325-383
    • Alexander, R.D.1
  • 14
    • 84966002657 scopus 로고
    • Social-organization on antelope in relation to their ecology
    • Jarman PJ (1974) Social-organization on antelope in relation to their ecology. Behaviour 48:215-267.
    • (1974) Behaviour , vol.48 , pp. 215-267
    • Jarman, P.J.1
  • 15
    • 1842855356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evidence of a link between breeding conditions and the decision to breed or to help in a colonial cooperative bird
    • DOI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2652
    • Covas R, Doutrelant C, du Plessis MA (2004) Experimental evidence of a link between breeding conditions and the decision to breed or to help in a colonial cooperative bird. Proc Biol Sci 271:827-832. (Pubitemid 38491269)
    • (2004) Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , vol.271 , Issue.1541 , pp. 827-832
    • Covas, R.1    Doutrelant, C.2    Du, P.M.A.3
  • 16
    • 0002001834 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of helping. 1. An ecological constraints model
    • Emlen ST (1982) The evolution of helping. 1. An ecological constraints model. Am Nat 119:29-39.
    • (1982) Am Nat , vol.119 , pp. 29-39
    • Emlen, S.T.1
  • 17
    • 34248551285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress hormones and sociality: Integrating social and environmental stressors
    • Rubenstein DR (2007) Stress hormones and sociality: Integrating social and environmental stressors. Proc Biol Sci 274:967-975.
    • (2007) Proc Biol Sci , vol.274 , pp. 967-975
    • Rubenstein, D.R.1
  • 18
    • 0027063410 scopus 로고
    • Importance of habitat saturation and territory quality for evolution of cooperative breeding in the Seychelles warbler
    • Komdeur J (1992) Importance of habitat saturation and territory quality for evolution of cooperative breeding in the Seychelles warbler. Nature 358:493-495.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.358 , pp. 493-495
    • Komdeur, J.1
  • 21
    • 0033858905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological constraints, life history traits and the evolution of cooperative breeding
    • Hatchwell BJ, Komdeur J (2000) Ecological constraints, life history traits and the evolution of cooperative breeding. Anim Behav 59:1079-1086.
    • (2000) Anim Behav , vol.59 , pp. 1079-1086
    • Hatchwell, B.J.1    Komdeur, J.2
  • 22
    • 0023490977 scopus 로고
    • Territory quality and dispersal options in the acorn woodpecker, and a challenge to the habitat-saturation model of cooperative breeding
    • Stacey PB, Ligon JD (1987) Territory quality and dispersal options in the acorn woodpecker, and a challenge to the habitat-saturation model of cooperative breeding. Am Nat 130:654-676.
    • (1987) Am Nat , vol.130 , pp. 654-676
    • Stacey, P.B.1    Ligon, J.D.2
  • 23
    • 0026302552 scopus 로고
    • The benefits-of-philopatry hypothesis for the evolution of cooperative breeding: Variation in territory quality and group size effects
    • Stacey PB, Ligon JD (1991) The benefits-of-philopatry hypothesis for the evolution of cooperative breeding: Variation in territory quality and group size effects. Am Nat 137:831-846.
    • (1991) Am Nat , vol.137 , pp. 831-846
    • Stacey, P.B.1    Ligon, J.D.2
  • 24
    • 0032441689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of helping behaviour in cooperatively breeding birds
    • Cockburn A (1998) Evolution of helping behaviour in cooperatively breeding birds. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 29:141-177.
    • (1998) Annu Rev Ecol Syst , vol.29 , pp. 141-177
    • Cockburn, A.1
  • 25
    • 0028180995 scopus 로고
    • Benefits, constrainsts and the evolution of the family
    • Emlen ST (1994) Benefits, constrainsts and the evolution of the family. Trends Ecol Evol 9:282-285.
    • (1994) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.9 , pp. 282-285
    • Emlen, S.T.1
  • 26
  • 27
    • 0024931662 scopus 로고
    • Geographic variation in social organization of Galapagos mockingbirds: Ecological correlates of group territoriality and cooperative breeding
    • Curry RL (1989) Geographic variation in social organization of Galapagos mockingbirds: Ecological correlates of group territoriality and cooperative breeding. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 25:147-160.
    • (1989) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.25 , pp. 147-160
    • Curry, R.L.1
  • 29
    • 54049088102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helpers in colonial cooperatively breeding sociable weavers Philetairus socius contribute to buffer the effects of adverse breeding conditions
    • Covas R, du Plessis MA, Doutrelant C (2008) Helpers in colonial cooperatively breeding sociable weavers Philetairus socius contribute to buffer the effects of adverse breeding conditions. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 63:103-112.
    • (2008) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.63 , pp. 103-112
    • Covas, R.1    Du Plessis, M.A.2    Doutrelant, C.3
  • 30
    • 4043178278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental constraints and cooperative breeding in the Azure-winged Magpie
    • Canario F, Matos S, Soler M (2004) Environmental constraints and cooperative breeding in the azure-winged magpie. Condor 106:608-617. (Pubitemid 39073989)
    • (2004) Condor , vol.106 , Issue.3 , pp. 608-617
    • Canario, F.1    Matos, S.2    Soler, M.3
  • 31
    • 0036065109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal variation in fitness payoffs promotes cooperative breeding in long-tailed tits Aegithalos caudatus
    • DOI 10.1086/341013
    • MacColl ADC, Hatchwell BJ (2002) Temporal variation in fitness payoffs promotes cooperative breeding in long-tailed tits Aegithalos caudatus. Am Nat 160:186-194. (Pubitemid 34805517)
    • (2002) American Naturalist , vol.160 , Issue.2 , pp. 186-194
    • MacColl, A.D.C.1    Hatchwell, B.J.2
  • 32
    • 0002001832 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of helping. 2. The role of behavioral conflict
    • Emlen ST (1982) The evolution of helping. 2. The role of behavioral conflict. Am Nat 119:40-53.
    • (1982) Am Nat , vol.119 , pp. 40-53
    • Emlen, S.T.1
  • 33
    • 0016136872 scopus 로고
    • Nautural selection for within-generation variance in offspring number
    • Gillespie JH (1974) Nautural selection for within-generation variance in offspring number. Genetics 76:601-606.
    • (1974) Genetics , vol.76 , pp. 601-606
    • Gillespie, J.H.1
  • 34
    • 0016787093 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection for within-generation variance in offspring number II
    • Gillespie JH (1975) Natural selection for within-generation variance in offspring number II. Discrite haploid models. Genetics 81:403-413.
    • (1975) Discrite Haploid Models. Genetics , vol.81 , pp. 403-413
    • Gillespie, J.H.1
  • 35
    • 0001360887 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection for variances in offspring numbers: A new evolutionary principle
    • Gillespie JH (1977) Natural selection for variances in offspring numbers: A new evolutionary principle. Am Nat 111:1010-1014.
    • (1977) Am Nat , vol.111 , pp. 1010-1014
    • Gillespie, J.H.1
  • 36
    • 34548561993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural selection on fecundity variance in subdivided populations: Kin selection meets bet hedging
    • DOI 10.1534/genetics.106.066910
    • Lehmann L, Balloux F (2007) Natural selection on fecundity variance in subdivided populations: Kin selection meets bet hedging. Genetics 176:361-377. (Pubitemid 350021032)
    • (2007) Genetics , vol.176 , Issue.1 , pp. 361-377
    • Lehmann, L.1    Balloux, F.2
  • 37
    • 79952332496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperative breeding: A question of climate?
    • Cockburn A, Russell AF (2011) Cooperative breeding: A question of climate? Curr Biol 21:R195-R197.
    • (2011) Curr Biol , vol.21
    • Cockburn, A.1    Russell, A.F.2
  • 38
    • 0025599679 scopus 로고
    • Evolution in a variable environment
    • Frank SA, Slatkin M (1990) Evolution in a variable environment. Am Nat 136:244-260.
    • (1990) Am Nat , vol.136 , pp. 244-260
    • Frank, S.A.1    Slatkin, M.2
  • 39
    • 0003038679 scopus 로고
    • Exposition of a new theory on the measurement of risk
    • Bernoulli D (1954) Exposition of a new theory on the measurement of risk. Econometrica 22:23-36
    • (1954) Econometrica , vol.22 , pp. 23-36
    • Bernoulli, D.1
  • 40
    • 0000372077 scopus 로고
    • Specimen theoriae novae de mensura sortis
    • Translation of
    • [Translation of Bernoulli D (1738) Specimen theoriae novae de mensura sortis. Papers Imp Acad Sci St. Petersburg 5:175-192].
    • (1738) Papers Imp Acad Sci St. Petersburg , vol.5 , pp. 175-192
    • Bernoulli, D.1
  • 41
    • 0033826788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daniel Bernoulli (1738): Evolution and economics under risk
    • Stearns SC (2000) Daniel Bernoulli (1738): Evolution and economics under risk. J Biosci 25:221-228.
    • (2000) J Biosci , vol.25 , pp. 221-228
    • Stearns, S.C.1
  • 42
    • 0024928639 scopus 로고
    • Hedging one's evolutionary bets, revisited
    • Philippi T, Seger J (1989) Hedging one's evolutionary bets, revisited. Trends Ecol Evol 4:41-44.
    • (1989) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.4 , pp. 41-44
    • Philippi, T.1    Seger, J.2
  • 43
    • 0038244056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Within-generation bet hedging: A seductive explanation?
    • Hopper KR, Rosenheim JA, Prout T, Oppenheim SJ (2003) Within-generation bet hedging: A seductive explanation? Oikos 101:219-222.
    • (2003) Oikos , vol.101 , pp. 219-222
    • Hopper, K.R.1    Rosenheim, J.A.2    Prout, T.3    Oppenheim, S.J.4
  • 44
    • 33947631542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple mating in the Glanville fritillary butterfly: A case of within-generation bet hedging?
    • Sarhan A, Kokko H (2007) Multiple mating in the Glanville fritillary butterfly: A case of within-generation bet hedging? Evolution 61:606-616.
    • (2007) Evolution , vol.61 , pp. 606-616
    • Sarhan, A.1    Kokko, H.2
  • 45
    • 22444438657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of variance in offspring number: The effects of population size and migration
    • Shpak M (2005) Evolution of variance in offspring number: The effects of population size and migration. Theory Biosci 124:65-85.
    • (2005) Theory Biosci , vol.124 , pp. 65-85
    • Shpak, M.1
  • 46
    • 33751356000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kin Selection, Constraints, and the Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in Long-Tailed Tits
    • DOI 10.1016/S0065-3454(06)36008-1, PII S0065345406360081
    • Hatchwell BJ, Sharp SJ (2006) Kin selection, constraints, and the evolution of cooperative breeding in long-tailed tits. Adv Stud Behav 36:355-395. (Pubitemid 44811703)
    • (2006) Advances in the Study of Behavior , vol.36 , pp. 355-395
    • Hatchwell, B.J.1    Sharp, S.P.2
  • 47
    • 79951769953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of parental care in stochastic environments
    • Bonsall MB, Klug H (2011) The evolution of parental care in stochastic environments. J Evol Biol 24:645-655.
    • (2011) J Evol Biol , vol.24 , pp. 645-655
    • Bonsall, M.B.1    Klug, H.2
  • 48
    • 56649086767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of delayed reproduction in uncertain environments: A life-history perspective
    • Koons DN, Metcalf CJE, Tuljapurkar S (2008) Evolution of delayed reproduction in uncertain environments: A life-history perspective. Am Nat 172:797-805.
    • (2008) Am Nat , vol.172 , pp. 797-805
    • Koons, D.N.1    Metcalf, C.J.E.2    Tuljapurkar, S.3
  • 49
    • 68949086542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The secret lives of starlings
    • Rubenstein DR (2009) The secret lives of starlings. Nat Hist 118:28-33.
    • (2009) Nat Hist , vol.118 , pp. 28-33
    • Rubenstein, D.R.1
  • 50
    • 34548486949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Territory quality drives intraspecific patterns of extrapair paternity
    • Rubenstein DR (2007) Territory quality drives intraspecific patterns of extrapair paternity. Behav Ecol 18:1058-1064.
    • (2007) Behav Ecol , vol.18 , pp. 1058-1064
    • Rubenstein, D.R.1
  • 52
    • 34250811923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal but not spatial environmental variation drives adaptive offspring sex allocation in a plural cooperative breeder
    • Rubenstein DR (2007) Temporal but not spatial environmental variation drives adaptive offspring sex allocation in a plural cooperative breeder. Am Nat 170: 155-165.
    • (2007) Am Nat , vol.170 , pp. 155-165
    • Rubenstein, D.R.1
  • 53
    • 67650221880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive conflict and the costs of social status in cooperatively breeding vertebrates
    • Rubenstein DR, Shen S-F (2009) Reproductive conflict and the costs of social status in cooperatively breeding vertebrates. Am Nat 173:650-661.
    • (2009) Am Nat , vol.173 , pp. 650-661
    • Rubenstein, D.R.1    Shen, S.-F.2
  • 54
    • 53149108929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental and hormonal correlates of immune activity in a cooperatively breeding tropical bird
    • Rubenstein DR, Parlow AF, Hutch CR, Martin LB, 2nd (2008) Environmental and hormonal correlates of immune activity in a cooperatively breeding tropical bird. Gen Comp Endocrinol 159:10-15.
    • (2008) Gen Comp Endocrinol , vol.159 , pp. 10-15
    • Rubenstein, D.R.1    Parlow, A.F.2    Hutch, C.R.3    Martin II, L.B.4
  • 55
    • 0027836705 scopus 로고
    • Genetic relatedness and group size in an aggregation economy
    • Giraldeau L-A, Caraco T (1993) Genetic relatedness and group size in an aggregation economy. Evol Ecol 7:429-438. (Pubitemid 24413458)
    • (1993) Evolutionary Ecology , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 429-438
    • Giraldeau, L.-A.1    Caraco, T.2
  • 56
    • 0027881461 scopus 로고
    • What determines animal group size? Insider-outsider conflict and its resolution
    • DOI 10.1086/285555
    • Higashi M, Yamamura N (1993) What determines animal group size? Insider-outsider conflict and its resolution. Am Nat 142:553-563. (Pubitemid 24409211)
    • (1993) American Naturalist , vol.142 , Issue.3 , pp. 553-563
    • Higashi, M.1    Yamamura, N.2
  • 57
    • 79960638778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emlen ST Group benefits, insider-outsider conflict and the evolution of cooperative social groups
    • in press
    • Shen S-F, Emlen ST Group benefits, insider-outsider conflict and the evolution of cooperative social groups. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc, in press.
    • Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc
    • Shen, S.-F.1
  • 58
    • 0013770278 scopus 로고
    • The genetical evolution of social behaviour. II
    • Hamilton WD (1964) The genetical evolution of social behaviour. II. J Theor Biol 7: 17-52.
    • (1964) J Theor Biol , vol.7 , pp. 17-52
    • Hamilton, W.D.1
  • 61
    • 34250674885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Belknap Press of Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Costa JT (2006) The Other Insect Societies (Belknap Press of Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge, MA).
    • (2006) The Other Insect Societies
    • Costa, J.T.1
  • 62
    • 0004101413 scopus 로고
    • Belknap Press of Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Wilson EO (1971) The Insect Societies (Belknap Press of Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge, MA).
    • (1971) The Insect Societies
    • Wilson, E.O.1
  • 63
    • 65649146084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coping with environmental uncertainty: Dynamic bet hedging as a maternal effect
    • Crean AJ, Marshall DJ (2009) Coping with environmental uncertainty: Dynamic bet hedging as a maternal effect. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 364:1087-1096.
    • (2009) Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.364 , pp. 1087-1096
    • Crean, A.J.1    Marshall, D.J.2
  • 64
    • 0030616850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic estimates of annual and lifetime reproductive success in male red-winged blackbirds
    • Weatherhead PJ, Boag PT (1997) Genetic estimates of annual and lifetime reproductive success in male red-winged blackbirds. Ecology 78:884-896.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 884-896
    • Weatherhead, P.J.1    Boag, P.T.2
  • 65
    • 79960640385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SAS Institute SAS Institute, Cary, NC
    • SAS Institute (2010) Using JMP 9 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).
    • (2010) Using JMP 9
  • 66
    • 0002340255 scopus 로고
    • Mass University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
    • Holmes CW (1974) in Dairy Farming Annual (Mass University, Palmerston North, New Zealand), pp 26-30.
    • (1974) Dairy Farming Annual , pp. 26-30
    • Holmes, C.W.1
  • 67
    • 0034770225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of three quick methods commonly used to assess sward height in ecology
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00658.x
    • Stewart KEJ, Bourn NAD, Thomas JA (2001) An evaluation of three quick methods commonly used to assess sward height in ecology. J Appl Ecol 38:1148-1154. (Pubitemid 32974289)
    • (2001) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.38 , Issue.5 , pp. 1148-1154
    • Stewart, K.E.J.1    Bourn, N.A.D.2    Thomas, J.A.3
  • 68
    • 0037329797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term, livestock-mediated redistribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in an East African savanna
    • Augustine DJ (2003) Long-term, livestock-mediated redistribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in an East African savanna. J Appl Ecol 40:137-149.
    • (2003) J Appl Ecol , vol.40 , pp. 137-149
    • Augustine, D.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.