Immunotoxicity of cocaine and crack

Current Drug Abuse Reviews

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 95-97

  Stefanidou, Maria ^a   Loutsidou, Ariadni C ^b   Chasapis, Christos T ^b   Spiliopoulou, Chara A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Greece)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PATRAS   (Greece)

Author keywords

Cocaine; Crack; Dna image analysis; Immunosuppression; Tetrahymena

Indexed keywords

COCAINE; INTERLEUKIN 6;

ANTIGEN BINDING; ARTICLE; B LYMPHOCYTE; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELL FUNCTION; COCAINE DEPENDENCE; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DNA CONTENT; IMAGE ANALYSIS; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELL; IMMUNOREGULATION; IMMUNOTOXICITY; LIFESTYLE; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NEUTROPHIL; NONHUMAN; PHAGOCYTOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; T LYMPHOCYTE; TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS;

EID: 79960619285     PISSN: 18744737     EISSN: 18744745     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1874473711104020095     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. [Wang X, Ho WZ. Drugs of abuse and HIV infection/replication: Implications for mother-fetus transmission. Life Sci 2011; 88(21-22): 972-9.
2. JA. Associations between use of crack cocaine and HIV-1 disease progression: Research findings and implications for mother-to-infant transmission. Life Sci 2011; 88(21-22): 931-9.
3. Stefanidou ME, Alevisopoulos G, Maravelias C, Loutsidis C, Koutselinis A. Phagocytosis of the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis as an endpoint in the estimation of cocaine salt and cocaine freebase toxicity. Addict Biol 1999; 4: 449-52.
4. Baldwin GC, Roth MD, Tashkin DP. Acute and chronic effects of cocaine on the immune system and the possible link to AIDS. J Neuroimmunol 1998; 83(1-2): 133-8.
5. Jaffe JH. Drug addiction and drug abuse. In: Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th edn. New York: Pergamon Press, 1990; 539-45.
6. Ugen KE, Nyland SB. Injecting drugs of abuse and immunity: implications for HIV vaccine testing and efficacy. Springer Semin Immunopathol 2006; 28(3): 281-7.
7. Muhuri PK, Gfroerer JC. Mortality associated with illegal drug use among adults in the United States. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2011; 37(3): 155-64.
8. NIDA Research Report-Cocaine abuse and addiction: NIH Publication No 99-4342, printed May 1999, Revised November 2004.
9. Zhao H, Ye TH. Drug abuse and infection. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2006; 28(6): 858-61.
10. Friedman H, Pross S, Klein TW. Addictive drugs and their relationship with infectious diseases. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2006; 47: 330-42.
11. Pilllai R, Nair BS, Watson RR. AIDS, drugs of abuse and the immune system: a complex immunotoxicological network. Arch Toxicol 1991; 65(8): 609-17.
12. Pacifici R, Di Carlo S, Bacosi A, Zuccaro P. Macrophage functions in drugs of abuse-treated mice. Int J Immunipharmacol 1993; 15: 711-6.
13. Pellegrino T, Bayer BM. In vivo effects of cocaine on immune cell function. J. Neuroimmunol 1998; 83 (1-2): 139-47.
14. Ruiz P, Cleary t, Nassiri M, Steele B. Human T lymphocyte subpopulation and NK cell alterations in persons exposed to cocaine. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1994; 70 (3): 245-50.
15. Roth MD, Tashkin DP, Choi R, Jamieson BD, Zack J, Baldwin GC. Cocaine enhances human immunodeficiency virus replication in a model of severe combined immunodeficient mice implanted with human peripheral blood leukocytes. J Infect Dis 2002; 185(5): 701-5.
16. Chiappelli F, Frost P, Manfrini E, et al. Cocaine blunts human CD4+ cell activation. Immunopharmacology 1994; 28(3): 233-40.
17. Ou WD, Shen ML, Luo Y. Effects of cocaine on the immune system of Balb/C mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1989; 52(2): 305-12.
18. Shen ML, Luo YD, Hagen K, Wu YB, Ou D. Immunomodulating activities of cocaine - evaluation of lymphocyte transformation related to other immune functions. Int J Immunopharmacol 1994; 16(4): 311-9.
19. Pirozhkov SV, Watson RR, Chen GJ. Ethanol enhances immunosuppression induced by cocaine. Alcohol 1992; 9(6): 489-94.
20. Cabral GA. Drugs of abuse, immune modulation, and AIDS. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2006; 1: 280-95.
21. Di-Francesco P, Pica F, Croce C, Favalli C, Tubaro E, Garaci E. Effect of acute or daily cocaine administration on cellular immune response and virus infection in mice. Nat Immun Cell Growth Regul 1990; 9(6): 397-405.
22. Renaud FL, Tomei EZ. On the evolution of opioid mechanisms and immune defenses. In: Friedman et al., Eds. AIDS, Drugs of Abuse and the Neuroimmune Axis. New York: Plenum Press, 1996; 63-69.
23. Wu YB, Shen ML, Gu GG, Anderson KM, Ou DW. The effects of cocaine injections on mouse thymocyte population. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1997; 214 (2): 173-9.
24. [CV. The pathology of cocaine: Prospectives from the autopsy table. In: Acute cocaine intoxication: Current Methods and Treatment. NIDA Res Monographs 123, NIH Pubs 1993; pp. 172-182.
25. Kubera M, Filip M, Budziszewska B, et al. Immunosuppression induced by a conditioned stimulus associated with cocaine selfadministration. J Pharmacol Sci 2008; 107(4): 361-9.
26. Alevisopoulos G, Stefanidou M, Pagou M, Siatra-Papastaikoudi T, Koutselinis A. The effects of two new amphetamine - like derivatives on the phagocytic ability of the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis. ATLA 1997; 25: 547-53.
27. Stefanidou M, Chatziioannou A, Livaditou A, et al. DNA toxicity of cocaine hydrochloride and cocaine freebase by means of DNA Image Analysis on Tetrahymena pyriformis. Biol Pharm Bull 2002; 25(3): 332-4.
28. Stefanidou M, Alevizopoulos G, Spiliopoulou C. DNA content of Tetrahymena pyriformis as a biomarker for different toxic agents. Chemosphere 2008; 74(1): 178-80.
29. Mukunda BN, Callahan JM, Hobbs MS, West BC. Cocaine inhibits human neutrophil phagocytosis and phagolysosomal acidification in vitro. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2000; 22(2): 373-86.
30. Stefanidou ME, Hatzi VI, Terzoudi GI, Loutsidou AC, Maravelias CP. Effect of cocaine and crack on the ploidy status of Tetrahymena pyriformis: A study using DNA Image Analysis. Cytotechnology 2010; 63(1): 35-40.
31. [Rafie C, Campa A, Smith S, Huffman F, Newman F, Baum MK. Cocaine Reduces Thymic Endocrine Function: Another Mechanism for Accelerated HIV Disease Progression. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2011 Jan 15. [Epub ahead of print].
32. Renaud FL, Colon I, Lebron J, Ortiz N, Rodriguez F, Cadilla C. A novel opioid mechanism seems to modulate phagocytosis in Tetrahymena. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1995; 42(3): 205-7.
33. Tomei EZ, Renaud FL. Effect of morphine on Fc-mediated phagocytosis by murine macrophages in vitro. J Neuroimmunol 1997; 74: 111-6.