The effects of species mixture on the growth and yield of mid-rotation mixed stands of Scots pine and silver birch

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 262, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 1174-1183

  Hynynen, Jari ^a   Repola, Jaakko ^a   Mielikäinen, Kari ^a  

^a FINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

Author keywords

Betula pendula Ehrn.; Growth and yield; Growth model; Mixed stand; Pinus sylvestris L.; Species dynamics

Indexed keywords

BETULA PENDULA; GROWTH AND YIELD; GROWTH MODEL; MIXED STAND; PINUS SYLVESTRIS; SPECIES DYNAMICS;

COMPETITION; FORESTRY; MIXTURES; PLANT EXTRACTS; ROTATION;

ECOLOGY;

ABUNDANCE; COMPETITION (ECOLOGY); CONIFEROUS TREE; DATA SET; DECIDUOUS TREE; DIAMETER; DOMINANCE; FOREST MANAGEMENT; GROWTH MODELING; GROWTH RATE; HEIGHT; LINEARITY; MIXED FOREST; SELF THINNING; SILVICULTURE; STAND STRUCTURE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; VOLUME; YIELD;

BETULA VERRUCOSA; COMPETITION; ECOLOGY; EXTRACTIVES; FORESTRY; FORESTS; MIXTURES; PINUS SYLVESTRIS; PLANTS; ROTATION; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION;

FINLAND;

BETULA; BETULA PENDULA; PINUS SYLVESTRIS;

EID: 79960605286     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.006     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Agestam, E., 1985. A growth simulator for mixed stands of pine, spruce and birch in Sweden. Department of Forest Yield Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Report 15, p. 150 (in Swedish with English summary).
2. Agestam E., Karlsson M., Nilsson U. Mixed forests as a part of sustainable forestry in southern Sweden. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 2005, 21:101-117.
3. Cajander A.K. Über Waldtypen. Acta Forestalia Fennica 1909, 1:175. (in German).
4. Cannel M.G.R., Malcolm D.C., Robertson P. The Ecology of Mixed-species Stands of Trees. Special Publication of the British Ecological Society 1992, Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, pp. 312.
5. Cardinale B.J., Matulich K.L., Hooper D.U., Byrnes J.E., Duffy E., Gamfeldt L., Balvanera P., O'Connor M.I., Gonzalez A. The functional role of producer diversity in ecosystems. American Journal of Botany 2011, 93(3):572-592.
6. Fahlvik N., Agestam E., Nilsson U., Nystrom K. Simulating the influence of initial stand structure on the development of young mixtures of Norway spruce and birch. Forest Ecology and Management 2005, 213(1-3):297.
7. Fries J. Summary: Yield of Betula verrucosa Ehrh. in Middle Sweden and southern North Sweden. Studia Forestalia Suecica 1964, 14:303.
8. Frivold L.H., Frank J. Growth of mixed birch-coniferous stands in relation to pure coniferous stands at similar sites in south-eastern Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 2002, 17(2):139-149.
9. Gobakken T., Naesset E. Spruce diameter growth in young mixed stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth B-pubescens Ehrh.). Forest Ecology and Management 2002, 171(3):297-308.
10. Gustavsen H.G. Talousmetsien kasvupaikkaluokittelu valtapituuden avulla. Summary: Site index curves for conifer stands in Finland. Folia Forestalia 1980, 454:31. (in Finnish with English summary).
11. Gustavsen, H.G., Roiko-Jokela, P., Varmola, M., 1988. Kivennäismaiden talousmetsien pysyvät (INKA j a TlNKA) kokeet. Suunnitelmat, mittausmenetelmät ja aineistojen rakenteet. ('Permanent experiments (TINKA and INKA) in commercial forests on mineral soil sites. Plans, measurements and data structure.'). Research Papers No. 292. Finnish Forest Research Institute, 212 pp. (in Finnish).
12. Hakkila P. Wood density surveys and dry weight tables for pine, spruce and birch stems in Finland. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 1979, 96(3):59.
13. Heinonen, J., 1994. KPL, a computer programme package for computing stand and single tree characteristics from sample plot measurements: manual. Research Papers No. 504. Finnish Forest Research Institute, 80pp. (in Finnish with English summary).
14. Huston M.A. Hidden treatments in ecological experiments: re-evaluating the ecosystem function of biodiversity. Oecologia 1997, 110:449-460.
15. Huuskonen S., Hynynen J., Ojansuu R. Stand characteristics and external quality of young Scots pine stands in Finland. Silva Fennica 2008, 42(3):397-412.
16. Hynynen J. Predicting the growth response to thinning for Scots pine stands using individual-tree growth models. Silva Fennica 1995, 29(3):225-246.
17. Hynynen, J., Ojansuu, R., Hökkä, H., Siipilehto, J., Salminen, H., & Haapala, P., 2002. Models for predicting stand development in MELA System. Metsäntutkimuslaitoksen tiedonantoja - the Finnish Forest Research Institute, Research Papers 835, 116pp.
18. Jogiste K. Productivity of mixed stands of Norway spruce and birch affected by population dynamics: a model analysis. Ecological Modelling 1998, 106:77-91.
19. Jonsson B. Om barrblandskogens volymproduktion ('Yield of mixed coniferous forests'). Meddelanden Statens Skogsforsknings-institut 1961, 50:1-143. (in Swedish with English summary).
20. The Ecology and Silviculture of Mixed-species Forests 1992, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 287pp. M.K. Kelty, B.C. Larsson, C.D. Oliver (Eds.).
21. Koivisto P. Kasvu- ja tuottotaulukoita ('Growth and yield tables'). Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 1959, 51(8):49. (in Finnish with English summary).
22. Korhonen K.T., Heikkinen J., Henttonen H., Ihalainen A., Pitkänen J., Tuomainen T. Suomen metsävarat 2004-2005. ('Finnish forest resources in 2004-2005'). Metsätieteen aikakauskirja 2006, 1B/2006:183-221. (in Finnish).
23. Köstler, J.N., Brückner, E., Bibelriether, H., 1968. Die Wurzeln der Waldbäume. Untersuchungen zur Morphologie des Waldbäume in Mitteleuropa. Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin. 278pp. (in German).
24. Laitakari E. Koivun juuristo ('The root system of birch [Betula verrucosa and odorata]'). Acta Forestalia Fennica 1935, 41(2):216. (in Finnish with English summary).
25. Lappi-Seppälä M. Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung gleichaltriger Mischbestände aus Kiefer und Birke basiert auf Material aus der Südhälfte von Suomi (Finnland). Communicationes Institute Forestalis Fenniae 1930, 15(2):1-243. (in German).
26. Lei X., Wang W., Peng C. Relationships between stand growth and structural diversity in spruce-dominated forests in New Brunswick, Canada. Canadian Journal Forest Research 2009, 39(10):1835-1847.
27. Mäkinen H., Ojansuu R., Niemistö P. Predicting external branch characteristics of planted silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) on the basis of routine stand and tree measurements. Forest Science 2003, 49:301-317.
28. Mälkönen E. Annual primary production and nutrient cycle in some Scots pine stands. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 1974, 84(5):1-87.
29. Mälkönen E. Annual primary production and nutrient cycle in a birch stand. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 1977, 91(5):1-35.
30. Mård H. The influence of a birch shelter (Betula spp) on the growth of young stands of Picea abies. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 1996, 11(4):343-350.
31. Mielikäinen K. Mänty-koivusekametsiköiden rakenne ja kehitys ('Structure and development of mixed pine and birch stands'). Communicationes instituti Forestalis Fenniae 1980, 99(3):82. (in Finnish with English summary).
32. Mielikäinen K. Koivusekoituksen vaikutus kuusikon rakenteeseen ja kehitykseen ('Effect of an admixture of birch on the structure and development of Norway spruce stands'). Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 1985, 133:79. (in Finnish with English summary).
33. Mielikäinen K., Valkonen S. Kaksijaksoisen kuusi-koivu sekametsän kasvu. ('Growth of two-storied sprucebirch stands'). Folia Forestalia - Metsätieteen aikakauskirja 1995, 1995(2):81-97. (in Finnish).
34. Niemistö P., Korhonen K.T. Koivuvarat ja kasvu ('Birch resources and growth'). Koivun kasvatus ja käyttö ('Management and utilization of birch') 2008, 175-181. Metla & Metsäkustannus, (in Finnish). P. Niemistö, A. Viherä-Aarnio, P. Velling, H. Heräjärvi, E. Verkasalo (Eds.).
35. Oikarinen M. Etelä-Suomen viljeltyjen rauduskoivikoiden kasvatusmallit ('Growth and yield models for silver birch (Betula pendula) plantations in southern Finland'). Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 1983, 113:1-75.
36. Olsthoorn, A.F.M., Bartelink, H.H., Gardiner, J.J., Pretzsch, H., Hekhuis, H.J., Franc, A., 1999. Management of mixed forests: Silviculture and economics. IBN Scientific Contributions. DLO, Wageningen. 391pp.
37. Ostonen I., Lõhmus K., Helmisaari H.-S., Truu J., Meel S. Fine root morphological adaptations in Scots pine, Norway spruce and silver birch along a latitudinal gradient in boreal forests. Tree Physiology 2007, 27:1627-1634.
38. Paquette A., Messier C. The effect of biodiversity on tree productivity: from temperate to boreal forests. Global Ecology and Biogeography 2011, 20(1):170-180.
39. Repola J. Biomass equations for birch in Finland. Silva Fennica 2008, 42(4):605-624.
40. Repola J. Biomass equations for Scots pine and Norway spruce in Finland. Silva Fennica 2009, 43(4):625-647.
41. Repola J., Hökkä H., Penttilä T. Thinning intensity and growth of mixed spruce-birch stands on drained peatlands in Finland. Silva Fennica 2006, 40(1):83-99.
42. Saksa, T., 1992. Männyn istutustaimikoiden kehitys muokatuilla uudistusaloilla ('Development of Scots pine plantations in prepared reforestation areas'). Metsäntutkimuslaitoksen tiedonantoja - Finnish Forest Research Institute, Research Papers 418. 48 pages (in Finnish with English abstract).
43. Salminen H., Lehtonen M., Hynynen J. Reusing legacy FORTRAN in the MOTTI growth and yield simulator. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 2005, 49(1):103-113.
44. SAS Institute, Inc., 1999. SAS/STAT: User's Guide, Version 8. Cary, NC.
45. Tham, Å. 1988. Yield prediction after heavy thinning of birch in mixed stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth & Betula pubescens Ehrh.). Department of Forest Yield Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Report 23. 36pp.
46. Valkonen S., Ruuska J. Effect of Betula pendula admixture on tree growth and branch diameter in young Pinus sylvestris stands in Southern Finland. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 2003, 18:416-426.
47. Vilà M., Vayreda J., Gracia C., Ibáñez J.J. Does tree diversity increase wood production in pine forests?. Oecologia 2003, 135(2):299-303.
48. Vilà M., Vayreda J., Comas L., Ibáñez J.J., Mata T., Obón B. Species richness and wood production: a positive association in Mediterranean forests. Ecological Letters 2007, 10(3):241-250.