Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) osmoregulatory development plays a key role in sea louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) tolerance

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

Volumn 68, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 1087-1096

  Sackville, M ^a   Tang, S ^a   Nendick, L ^a   Farrell, A P ^a   Brauner, C J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DATA SET; EPIDEMIC; IMMUNE SYSTEM; INFECTIOUS DISEASE; INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT; JUVENILE; LOUSE; MORTALITY; OSMOREGULATION; SALMONID; SEAWATER; SKIN; TOLERANCE; WILD POPULATION;

BRITISH COLUMBIA; BROUGHTON ARCHIPELAGO; CANADA;

LEPEOPHTHEIRUS SALMONIS; ONCORHYNCHUS; ONCORHYNCHUS GORBUSCHA; PHTHIRAPTERA;

EID: 79960595166     PISSN: 0706652X     EISSN: 12057533     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/f2011-037     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Bath, R.N., and Eddy, F.B. 1979. Salt and water balance in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) rapidly transferred from fresh water to sea water. J. Exp. Biol. 83: 193-202.
2. Beamish, R.J., Neville, C.M., Sweeting, R.M., and Ambers, N. 2005. Sea lice on adult Pacific salmon in the coastal waters of Central British Columbia, Canada. Fish. Res. 76(2): 198-208. doi:10. 1016/j.fishres.2005.06.007.
3. Bjorn, P.A., and Finstad, B. 1997. The physiological effects of salmon lice infection on sea trout post smolts. Nord. J. Freshw. Res. 73: 60-72.
4. Boeuf, G., and Harache, Y. 1982. Criteria for adaptation of salmonids to high salinity seawater in France. Aquaculture, 28(1-2): 163-176. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(82)90019-9.
5. Brandal, P.O., Egidius, E., and Romslo, I. 1976. Host blood: a major food component for the parasitic copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer, 1837) (Crustacea: Caligidae). Norw. J. Zool. 24: 341-343.
6. Brauer, E.P. 1982. The photoperiod control of coho salmon smoltification. Aquaculture, 28(1-2): 105-111. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(82)90013-8.
7. Brauner, C.J., Shrimpton, J.M., and Randall, D.J. 1992. Effect of short-duration seawater exposure on plasma ion concentrations and swimming performance in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) parr. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49(11): 2399-2405. doi:10.1139/f92-265.
8. Brauner, C.J., Iwama, G.K., and Randall, D.J. 1994. The effect of short-duration seawater exposure on the swimming performance of wild and hatchery-reared juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during smoltification. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 51(10): 2188-2194. doi:10.1139/f94-220.
9. Brooks, K.M. 2005. The effects of water temperature, salinity, and currents on the survival and distribution of the infective copepodid stage of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) originating on Atlantic salmon farms in the Broughton Archipelago of British Columbia, Canada. Rev. Fish. Sci. 13(3): 177-204. doi:10.1080/ 10641260500207109.
10. Brooks, K.M., and Jones, S.R.M. 2008. Perspectives on pink salmon and sea lice: scientific evidence fails to support the extinction hypothesis. Rev. Fish. Sci. 16(4): 403-412. doi:10.1080/ 10641260801937131.
11. Brooks, K.M., and Stucchi, D.J. 2006. The effects of water temperature, salinity and currents on the survival and distribution of the infective copepodid stage of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) originating on Atlantic salmon farms in the Broughton Archipelago of British Columbia, Canada (Brooks, 2005)-a response to the rebuttal of Krkosek et al. (2005). Rev. Fish. Sci. 14(1-2): 13-23. doi:10.1080/10641260500448893.
12. Folmar, L.C., Dickhoff, W.W., Mahnken, C.V.W., and Waknitz, F.W. 1982. Stunting and parr-reversion during smoltification of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Aquaculture, 28(1-2): 91-104. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(82)90012-6.
13. Gonzalez, R.J., and McDonald, D.G. 1992. The relationship between the oxygen consumption and ion loss in a freshwater fish. J. Exp. Biol. 163: 317-332.
14. Gonzalez, R.J., and McDonald, D.G. 1994. The relationship between oxygen uptake and ion loss in fish from diverse habitats. J. Exp. Biol. 190(1): 95-108. PMID:9317409.
15. Grant, A., Gardner, M., Nendick, L., Sackville, M., Farrell, A.P., and Brauner, C.J. 2009. Growth and ionoregulatory ontogeny of wild and hatchery-raised juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). Can. J. Zool. 87(3): 221-228. doi:10.1139/Z08-149.
16. Grimnes, A., and Jakobsen, P.J. 1996. The physiological effects of salmon lice on post-smolt of Atlantic salmon. J. Fish Biol. 48(6): 1179-1194. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb01813.x.
17. Heard, W.R. 1991. Life history of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). In Pacific salmon life histories. Edited by C. Groot and L. Margolis. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, B.C. pp. 119-230
18. Johnson, S.C., and Albright, L.J. 1991. The developmental stages of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer, 1837) (Copepoda: Caligidae). Can. J. Zool. 69(4): 929-950. doi:10.1139/z91-138.
19. Johnson, K.A., Flynn, J.K., and Amend, D.F. 1982. Onset of immunity in salmonid fry vaccinated by direct immersion in Vibrio anguillarum and Yersinia ruckeri bacterins. J. Fish Dis. 5(3): 197-205. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1982.tb00474.x.
20. Jones, S.R.M. 2001. The occurrence and mechanisms of innate immunity against parasites in fish. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 25(8-9): 841-852. doi:10.1016/S0145-305X(01)00039-8. PMID:11602199.
21. Jones, S.R.M., and Hargreaves, N.B. 2007. The abundance and distribution of Lepeoptheirus salmonis (copepoda: caligidae) on pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (O. keta) salmon in coastal British Columbia. J. Parasitol. 93(6): 1324-1331. doi:10. 1645/GE-1252.1. PMID:18314676.
22. Jones, S.R.M., Kim, E., and Bennett, W. 2008a. Early development of resistance to the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer), in juvenile pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum). J. Fish Dis. 31(8): 591-600. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00933.x. PMID:18482380.
23. Jones, S.R.M., Fast, M.D., and Johnson, S.C. 2008b. Influence of reduced feed ration on Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation and inflammatory gene expression in juvenile pink salmon. J. Aquat. Anim. Health, 20(2): 103-109. doi:10.1577/H07-014.1. PMID: 18783131.
24. Kabata, Z. 1974. Mouth and mode of feeding of Caligidae (Copepoda), parasites of fishes, as determined by light and scanning electron microscopy. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 31: 1583-1588.
25. Krkosek, M., Ford, J.S., Morton, A., Lele, S., Myers, R.A., and Lewis, M.A. 2007. Declining wild salmon populations in relation to parasites from farm salmon. Science, 318(5857): 1772-1775. doi:10.1126/science.1148744. PMID:18079401.
26. Krkosek, M., Ford, J.S., Morton, A., Lele, S., and Lewis, M.A. 2008. Sea lice and pink salmon declines: a response to Brooks and Jones (2008). Rev. Fish. Sci. 16(4): 413-420. doi:10.1080/ 10641260802013692.
27. Krkosek, M., Morton, A., Volpe, J.P., and Lewis, M.A. 2009. Sea lice and salmon population dynamics: effects of exposure time for migratory fish. Proc. Biol. Sci. 276(1668): 2819-2828. doi:10. 1098/rspb.2009.0317. PMID:19419983.
28. McCormick, S. 1993. Methods for nonlethal gill biopsy and measurement of Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50(3): 656-658. doi:10.1139/f93-075.
29. McCormick, S.D., Saunders, R.L., Henderson, E.B., and Harmon, P.R. 1987. Photoperiod control of parr-smolt transformation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): changes in salinity tolerance, gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity and plasma thyroid hormones. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 44(8): 1462-1468. doi:10.1139/f87-175.
30. Morton, A., and Routledge, R. 2005. Mortality rates for juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (O. keta) salmon infested with sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in the Broughton Archipelago. Alaska Fish. Res. Bull. 11: 146-152.
31. Nendick, L., Sackville, M., Tang, S., Brauner, C.J., and Farrell, A.P. 2011. Sea lice infection of juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha): effects on swimming performance and postexercise ion balance. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 68(2): 241-249. doi:10.1139/F10-150.
32. Nolan, D.T., Reilly, P., and Wendelaar Bonga, S.E. 1999. Infection with low numbers of the sea louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis induces stress-related effects in postsmolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56(6): 947-959. doi:10.1139/cjfas-56-6-947.
33. Randall, D.J., and Brauner, C.J. 1991. Effects of environmental factors on exercise in fish. J. Exp. Biol. 160: 113-126.
34. Strange, R.J., Schreck, C.B., and Ewing, R.D. 1978. Cortisol concentrations in confined juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 107(6): 812-819. doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1978)107<812:CCICJC>2.0.CO;2.
35. Tully, O. 1992. Predicting infestation parameters and impacts of caligid copepods in wild and cultured fish populations. Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. 22(1): 91-102. doi:10.1080/07924259.1992.9672261.
36. Wagner, G.N., McKinley, R.S., Bjørn, P.A., and Finstad, B. 2003. Physiological impact of sea lice on swimming performance of Atlantic salmon. J. Fish Biol. 62(5): 1000-1009. doi:10.1046/j. 1095-8649.2003.00091.x.
37. Wagner, G.N., McKinley, R.S., Bjørn, P.A., and Finstad, B. 2004. Short-term freshwater exposure benefits sea lice-infected Atlantic salmon. J. Fish Biol. 64(6): 1593-1604. doi:10.1111/j.0022-1112. 2004.00414.x.
38. Webster, S.J., Dill, L.M., and Butterworth, K. 2007. The effect of sea lice infestation on the salinity preference and energy expenditure of juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 64(4): 672-680. doi:10.1139/F07-043.
39. Wendelaar Bonga, S.E. 1997. The stress response in fish. Physiol. Rev. 77(3): 591-625. PMID:9234959.
40. Wood, C.M., and Randall, D.J. 1973a. The influence of swimming activity on sodium balance in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). J. Comp. Physiol. A Neuroethol. Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. 82(3): 207-233. doi:10.1007/BF00694237.
41. Wood, C.M., and Randall, D.J. 1973b. Sodium balance in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) during extended exercise. J. Comp. Physiol. A Neuroethol. Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. 82(3): 235-256. doi:10.1007/BF00694238.