Lophotrochozoan neuroanatomy: An analysis of the brain and nervous system of Lineus viridis(Nemertea) using different staining techniques

Frontiers in Zoology

Volumn 8, Issue , 2011, Pages

  Beckers, Patrick ^a   Faller, Simone ^b   Loesel, Rudi ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

^b RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; ANNELIDA; ARTHROPODA; LINEUS VIRIDIS; LOPHOTROCHOZOA; MOLLUSCA; NEMERTEA;

EID: 79960554178     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17429994     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-8-17     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Kajihara H, Chernyshev AV, Sun SH, Sundberg P, Crandall FB. Checklist of nemertean genera and species published between 1995 and 2007. Species Diversity 2008, 13:245-274.
2. Amerongen HM, Chia FS. Behavioral evidence for a chemoreceptive function of the cerebral organs in Paranemertes peregrina Coe (Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera). J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 1982, 64:11-16.
3. Thiel M. Nemertines as predators on tidal flats - High noon at low tide. Hydrobiologia 1998, 365:241-250.
4. Thiel M, Kruse I. Status of the Nemertea as predators in marine ecosystems. Hydrobiologia 2001, 456:21-32.
5. Gibson R. British Nemerteans. Synopses of the British Fauna 1982, 24. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Kermack DM, Barnes RSK.
6. Ling EA. The structure and function of the cephalic organ of a nemertine Lineus ruber . Tissue Cell 1969, 1:503-524. 10.1016/S0040-8166(69)80019-4, 18631482.
7. Bürger O. Die Nemertinen des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte 1895, Berlin: R. Friedländer und Sohn.
8. McIntosh WC. A monograph of the british marine annelids Part I The nemerteans 1900, London: The Ray Society.
9. Gibson R. Nemerteans 1972, London: Hutchinson University Library.
10. Nielsen C. Animal Evolution Interrelationships of the living phyla 2001, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2.
11. Maslakova SA, Martindale MQ, Norenburg JL. Vestigial prototroch in a basal nemertean, Carinoma tremaphoros (Nemertea; Palaeonemertea). Evol Dev 2004, 6:219-226. 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2004.04027.x, 15230962.
12. Turbeville JM, Smith DM. The partial mitochondrial genome of the Cephalothrix rufifrons (Nemertea, Palaeonemertea): Characterization and implications for the phylogenetic position of Nemertea. Mol Phylogent Evol 2007, 43:1056-1065.
13. Dunn CW, Hejnol A, Matus DQ, Pang K, Browne WE, Smith SA, Seaver E, Rouse GW, Obst M, Edgecombe GD, Sorensen MV, Haddock SHD, Schmidt-Rhaesa A, Okuso A, Kristensen RM, Wheeler WC, Martindale MQ, Giribet G. Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life. Nature 2008, 452:745-749. 10.1038/nature06614, 18322464.
14. Struck TH, Fisse F. Phylogenetic position of Nemertea derived from phylogenomic data. Mol Biol Evol 2008, 25:728-736. 10.1093/molbev/msn019, 18222945.
15. Hejnol A, Obst M, Stamatakis A, Ott M, Rouse GW, Edgecombe GD, Martinez P, Baguñà J, Bailly X, Jondelius U, Wiens M, Müller WEG, Seaver E, Wheeler WC, Martindale MQ, Giribet G, Dunn CW. Assessing the root of bilaterian animals with scalable phylogenomic methods. Proc R Soc B 2009, 276:4261-4270. 10.1098/rspb.2009.0896, 2817096, 19759036.
16. Paps J, Baguñà J, Riutort M. Lophotrochozoa internal phylogeny: new insights from an up-to-date analysis of nuclear ribosomal genes. Proc R Soc B 2009, 276:1245-1254. 2660960, 19129141.
17. Podsiadlowski L, Braband A, Struck TH, von Döhren J, Bartolomaeus T. Phylogeny and mitochondrial gene order variation in Lophotrochozoa in the light of new mitogenomic data from Nemertea. BMC Genomics 2009, 10.
18. Kutsch W, Breidbach O. Homologous structures in the nervous system of Arthropoda. Adv Insect Physiol 1994, 24:1-113.
19. Harzsch S. The architecture of the nervous system provides important characters for phylogenetic reconstructions: Examples from the Arthropoda. Species, Phylogeny and Evolution 2006, 1:33-57.
20. Harzsch S, Waloszek D. Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the ventral nerve cord of Crustacea: a character to study aspects of arthropod phylogeny. Arthropod Struct Dev 2000, 29:307-322. 10.1016/S1467-8039(01)00015-9, 18088936.
21. Strausfeld NJ, Strausfeld CM, Loesel R, Rowell D, Stowe S. Arthropod phylogeny: onychophoran brain organization suggests an archaic relationship with a chelicerate stem lineage. Proc R Soc B 2006, 273:1857-1866. 10.1098/rspb.2006.3536, 1634797, 16822744.
22. Müller MCM. Polychaete nervous systems: Ground pattern and variations - cLS microscopy and the importance of novel characteristics in phylogenetic analysis. Integr Comp Biol 2006, 46:125-133. 10.1093/icb/icj017, 21672729.
23. Shigeno S, Sasaki T, Haszprunar G. Central nervous system of Chaetoderma japonicum (Caudofoveata, Aplacophora): Implications for diversified ganglionic plans in early molluscan evolution. Biol Bull 2007, 213:122-134. 10.2307/25066628, 17928519.
24. Heuer CM, Loesel R. Immunofluorescence analysis of the internal brain anatomy of Nereis diversicolor (Polychaeta, Annelida). Cell Tissue Res 2008, 331:713-724. 10.1007/s00441-007-0535-y, 18071754.
25. Kristof A, Wollesen T, Wanninger A. Segmental mode of neural patterning in Sipuncula. Curr Biol 2008, 18:1129-1132. 10.1016/j.cub.2008.06.066, 18656359.
26. Todt C, Büchinger T, Wanninger A. The nervous system of the basal mollusk Wirenia argentea (Solenogastres): a study employing immunocytochemical and 3D reconstruction techniques. Mar Biol Res 2008, 4:290-303.
27. Wollesen T, Loesel R, Wanninger A. FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the cephalopod mollusc, Idiosepius notoides. Acta Biol Hung 2008, 59:111-116. 10.1556/ABiol.59.2008.Suppl.18, 18652382.
28. Heuer CM, Muller CHG, Todt C, Loesel R. Comparative neuroanatomy suggests repeated reduction of neuroarchitectural complexity in Annelida. Front Zool 2010, 7:13. 10.1186/1742-9994-7-13, 2874545, 20441583.
29. Hay-Schmidt A. Catecholamine-containing, serotonin-like and neuropeptide FMRFamide-like immunoreactive cells and processes in the nervous system of the pilidium larva (Nemertini). Zoomorphology 1990, 109:231-244.
30. Chernyshev AV, Magarlamov T. The first data on the nervous system of hoplonemertean larvae (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea). Dokl Biol Sci 2010, 430:48-50. 10.1134/S0012496610010163, 20380180.
31. Maslakova SA. Development to metamorphosis of the nemertean pilidium larva. Front Zool 2010, 7:30. 10.1186/1742-9994-7-30, 3014920, 21126367.
32. Turbeville JM, Ruppert EE. Comparative ultrastructure and the evolution of nemertines. Amer Zool 1985, 25:53-71.
33. Baguñà J, Ballester R. The nervous system in planarians: Peripheral and gastrodermal plexuses, pharynx innervation, and the relationship between central nervous system structure and acoelomate organization. J Morphol 1978, 155:237-252.
34. Reuter M, Gustafsson MKS. The flatworm nervous system: Pattern and phylogeny. The nervous system of invertebrates: An evolutionary and comparative approach 1995, 25-59. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag, Breidbach O, Kutsch W.
35. Moroz L, Nezlin L, Elofsson R, Sakharov D. Serotonin- and FMRFamide-immunoreactive nerve elements in the chiton Lepidopleurus asellus (Mollusca, Polyplacophora). Cell Tissue Res 1994, 275:277-282.
36. Faller S, Loesel R. Immunohistochemistry of the Polyplacophora (Mollusca) nervous system. J Morphol 2008, 269:1482.
37. Orrhage L, Müller MCM. Morphology of the nervous system of Polychaeta (Annelida). Hydrobiologia 2005, 535:79-111.
38. Herrmann K. Phoronida. Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates Volume 13, Lophophorates, Entoprocta, and Cyclophora 1997, 207-235. New York: Wiley-Liss, Harrison FW, Woollacott RM.
39. Schmidt-Rhaesa A. The evolution of organ systems 2007, Oxford University Press.
40. Eernisse DJ, Reynolds PD. Polyplacophora. Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates Volume 5, Mollusca I 1994, 55-110. New York: Wiley-Liss, Harrison FW, Kohn AJ.
41. Scheltema AH, Tscherkassky M, Kuzirian AM. Aplacophora. Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates Volume 5, Mollusca I 1994, 13-54. New York: Wiley-Liss, Harrison FW, Kohn AJ.
42. Golding DW. Polychaeta: Nervous system. Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates Volume 7, Annelida 1992, 153-179. New York: Wiley-Liss, Harrison FW, Gardiner SL.
43. Bianchi S. On the neurosecretory system of Cerebratulus marginatus (Heteronemertini). Gen Comp Endocrinol 1969, 12:541-548. 10.1016/0016-6480(69)90172-5, 5769942.
44. Nordhausen W. Impact of the nemertean Lineus viridis on its polychaete prey on an intertidal sandflat. Hydrobiologia 1988, 156:39-46.
45. Bartolomaeus T. Zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie von Lineus viridis (Nemertini). Helgoländer Meeresunters 1984, 38:185-188.
46. Ferraris JD. Putative neuroendrocrine devices in the Nemertina - An overview of structure and function. Amer Zool 1985, 25:73-85.
47. Scharrer B. Neurosecretion. III. The cerebral organ of the nemerteans. J Comp Neurol 1941, 74:109-130.
48. Ling EA. Further investigations on the structure and function of cephalic organs of a nemertine Lineus ruber . Tissue Cell 1970, 2:569-588. 10.1016/S0040-8166(70)80031-3, 18631533.
49. Strausfeld NJ, Buschbeck EK, Gomez RS. The arthropod mushroom body: Its functional roles, evolutionary enigmas and mistaken identities. The nervous system of invertebrates: An evolutionary and comparative approach 1995, 349-381. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag, Breidbach O, Kutsch W.
50. Loesel R. Comparative morphology of central neuropils in the brain of arthropods and its evolutionary and functional implications. Acta Biol Hung 2004, 55:39-51. 10.1556/ABiol.55.2004.1-4.6, 15270217.
51. Heuer CM, Loesel R. Three-dimensional reconstruction of mushroom body neuropils in the polychaete species Nereis diversicolor and Harmothoe areolata (Phyllodocida, Annelida). Zoomorphology 2009, 128:219-226.
52. Loesel R, Heuer CM. The mushroom bodies - prominent brain centres of arthropods and annelids with enigmatic evolutionary origin. Acta Zool 2010, 91:29-34.
53. Purschke G. Ultrastructure of nuchal organs in polychaetes (Annelida) - New results and review. Acta Zool 1997, 78:123-143.
54. Tomer R, Denes AS, Tessmar-Raible K, Arendt D. Profiling by image registration reveals common origin of annelid mushroom bodies and vertebrate pallium. Cell 2010, 142:800-809. 10.1016/j.cell.2010.07.043, 20813265.
55. Heuer CM, Loesel R. Neuroanatomy across phyla - Mushroom bodies in polychaetous annelids. J Morphol 2008, 269:1465.
56. Rodriguez J, Deinhardt F. Preparation of a semipermanent mounting medium for fluorescent antibody studies. Virology 1960, 12:316-317. 10.1016/0042-6822(60)90205-1, 13742591.
57. Richter S, Loesel R, Purschke G, Schmidt-Rhaesa A, Scholtz G, Stach T, Vogt L, Wanninger A, Brenneis G, Döring C, Faller S, Fritsch M, Grobe P, Heuer CM, Kaul S, Møller OS, Müller CHG, Rieger V, Rothe BH, Stegner MJ, Harzsch S. Invertebrate neurophylogeny: suggested terms and definitions for a neuroanatomical glossary. Front Zool 2010, 7:29. 10.1186/1742-9994-7-29, 2996375, 21062451.