Use of scanning research in decision making: an examination of the environmental imperative and power-control perspective

Journal of Public Relations Research

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 51-70

  Okura, Masako ^a   Dozier, David ^a   Sha, Bey Ling ^a   Hofstetter, C Richard ^a  

^a SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79960516727     PISSN: 1062726X     EISSN: 1532754X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10627260802520504     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Aguilar, F. J., (1967). Scanning the business environment. New York: Macmillan.
2. Aldrich, H. E., (1979). Organizations and environments. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
3. Aldrich, H. E., & Pfeffer, J., (1976). Environments of organizations. Annual Review of Sociology, 2, 79–105.
4. Austin, E. W., Pinkleton, B. E., & Dixon, A., (2000). Barriers to public relations program research. Journal of Public Relations Research, 12, 235–253.
5. Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G., (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588–606.
6. Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R., (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A., Bollen & J. S., Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136–162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
7. Broom, G. M., & Dozier, D. M., (1990). Using research in public relations: Applications to program management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
8. Cancel, A. E., Cameron, G. T., Shallot, L. M., & Mitrook, M. A., (1997). It depends: A contingency theory of accommodation in public relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 9, 31–63.
9. Child, J., (1972). Organizational structure, environment, and performance: The role of strategic choice. Sociology, 6, 1–22.
10. Clark, T., Varadarajan, P. R., & Pride, W. M., (1994). Environmental management: The construct and research propositions. Journal of Business Research, 29, 23–38.
11. Dozier, D. M., (1986, August). The environmental scanning function of public relations practitioners and participation in management decision making. Paper presented at the meeting of the Public Relations Division, Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Norman, OK.
12. Dozier, D. M., (1990). The innovation of research in public relations practice: Review of a program of studies. In J. E., Grunig & L. A., Grunig (Eds.), Public relations research annual (Vol. 2, pp. 3–28). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
13. Dozier, D. M., & Broom, G. M., (2006). The centrality of practitioner roles to public relations theory. In C. H., Botan & V., Hazleton (Eds.), Public relations theory II (pp. 137–170). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
14. Dozier, D. M., Grunig, L. A., & Grunig, J. E., (1995). Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
15. Grunig, J. E., Grunig, L. A., & Dozier, D. M., (2006). The Excellence theory. In C. H., Botan & V., Hazleton (Eds.), Public relations theory II (pp. 21–62). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
16. Grunig, L. A., Grunig, J. E., & Dozier, D. M., (2002). Excellent public relations and effective organizations: A study of communication management in three countries. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
17. Huber, G., & Daft, R., (1987). Environments of organizations. In F. M., Jablin, L. L., Putnam, K. H., Roberts, & L. W., Porter (Eds.), Handbook of organizational communication (pp. 130–164). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
18. James, L. R., Mulaik, S. A., & Brett, J. M., (1982). Causal analysis: Assumptions, models, and data. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
19. Johnson, M. A., (1997). Public relations and technology: Practitioner perspective. Journal of Public Relations Research, 9, 213–236.
20. Lauzen, M. M., (1995). Toward a model of environmental scanning. Journal of Public Relations Research, 7, 187–203.
21. Lauzen, M. M., & Dozier, D. M., (1992). The missing link: The public relations manager role as mediator of organizational environments and power consequences for the function. Journal of Public Relations Research, 4, 205–220.
22. Lauzen, M. M., & Dozier, D. M., (1994). Issues management mediation of linkages between environmental complexity and management of the public relations function. Journal of Public Relations Research, 6, 163–184.
23. Learned, E. A., Christensen, C. R., Andrews, K. R., & Guth, W. D., (1965). Business policy: Text and cases. Homewood, IL: Irwin.
24. Lindenmann, W. E., (1990). Research, evaluation, and measurement: A national perspective. Public Relations Review, 16, 3–16.
25. Lordan, E. J., (2001). Cyberspin: The use of new technologies in public relations. In R. L., Heath & G., Vasquez (Eds.), Handbook of public relations (pp. 583–589). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
26. Mulaik, S. A., James, L. R., Van Alstine, J., Bennett, N., Lind, S., & Stilwell, C. D., (1989). Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 430–445.
27. Pels, J., & Saren, M., (2006). The 4Ps of relational marketing, perspectives, paradoxes and paradigms: Learning from organizational theory and the strategy literature. Journal of Relationship Marketing, 4, 59–84.
28. Plowman, K. D., (1995). Congruence between public relations and conflict resolution: Negotiation power in the organization. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
29. Plowman, K. D., (2004, March). Multiparty conflict and public relations. Paper presented at Proceedings of 7th International Public Relations Research Conference (pp. 44–45). Miami, FL.
30. Plowman, K. D., (2005). Conflict resolution. In R. L., Heath (Ed.), Encyclopedia of public relations (pp. 181–184). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
31. Plowman, K. D., (2006). Public relations, conflict resolution, and mediation. In E. L., Toth (Ed.), The future of excellence in public relations and communication management: Challenges for the next generation (pp. 85–102). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
32. Reber, B. H., & Cameron, G. T., (2003). Measuring contingencies: Using scales to measure public relations practitioner limits to accommodation. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 80, 431–446.
33. Richter, L., & Barlow, W. G., (2000). Selling public relations internally: Changing the mindset about communications. Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://www.instituteforpr.com/measurement_and_evaluation.phtml?article_id=2000_selling_pr
34. Robbins, S. P., (1990). Organization theory: Structures, design, and applications (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
35. Ryan, M., & Martinson, D. L., (1990). Social science research, professionalism and public relations practitioners. Journalism Quarterly, 67, 377–390.
36. Salancik, G. R., & Pfeffer, J., (1989). Who gets power—And how they hold onto it: A strategic–contingency model of power. In H. J., Leavitt, L. R., Pondy, & D. M., Boje (Eds.), Readings in managerial psychology (, 4th ed., pp. 346–366). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
37. Sallot, L. M., Porter, L. V., & Acosta-Alzuru, C., (2004). Practitioners' Web use and perceptions of their own roles and power: qualitative study. Public Relations Review, 30, 269–278.
38. Sheehan, K. B., (2001). E-mail survey response rates: A review. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 6. Retrieved April 27, 2004, from http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol6/issue2/sheehan.html
39. Sheehan, K. B., & Hoy, M. G., (1999). Using e-mail to survey Internet users in the United States: Methodology and assessment. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 4. Retrieved April 27, 2004, from http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol4/issue3/sheehan.html
40. Shin, J. H., Cameron, G. T., & Cropp, F., (2006). Occam's Razor in the contingency theory: Anational survey on 86 contingent variables. Public Relations Review, 32, 282–286.
41. Simon, H. A., (1976). Administrative behavior (3rd ed.). New York: Free Press.
42. Springton, J. K., (2001). Public relations and new media technology. In R. L., Heath & G., Vasquez (Eds.), Handbook of public relations (pp. 603–614). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
43. White, J., & Dozier, D. M., (1992). Public relations and management decision making. In J.E., Grunig (Ed.), Excellence in public relations and communication management (pp. 91–108). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.