Insights into the monomers and single drugs of Chinese herbal medicine on myocardial preservation

African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 104-127

  Yuan, Shi Min ^a   Jing, Hua ^a  

^a NANJING UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Chinese herbal drugs; Myocardial ischemias

Indexed keywords

ALKALOID DERIVATIVE; ALLICIN; AMINO ACID; ANTHRAGLYCOSIDE DERIVATIVE; BAICALIN; BERBERINE; CARBOHYDRATE DERIVATIVE; CHINESE DRUG; CORDYCEPS SINENSIS EXTRACT; ESSENTIAL OIL; FLAVONOID; FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDE; GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT; GINSENG EXTRACT; GINSENOSIDE; GLYCOSIDE; GYPENOSIDE; KRESTIN; LEONURUS JAPONICUS EXTRACT; LIGNANOID DERIVATIVE; LYCIUM BARBARUM EXTRACT; MALONALDEHYDE; PEPTIDE DERIVATIVE; PORTULACA OLERACEA EXTRACT; QUINONE DERIVATIVE; SAPONIN; SASANGUASAPONIN; TETRANDRINE; TREMELLA POLYSACCHARIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ACUTE PANCREATITIS; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; ASTRAGALUS MONGHOLICUS; CHINESE MEDICINE; DRUG EFFICACY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HEART DISEASE; HEART FUNCTION; HEART INFARCTION; HEART INFARCTION SIZE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HEART MUSCLE INJURY; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART PRESERVATION; HEART PROTECTION; HERBAL MEDICINE; HUMAN; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; INOTROPISM; LEONURUS JAPONICUS; LIPID PEROXIDATION; NONHUMAN; REPERFUSION INJURY; SAUSSURES INVOLUCRATE; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION; TREMELLA FUCIFAMIS;

EID: 79960340045     PISSN: 01896016     EISSN: 01896016     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v8i2.63195     Document Type: Article

References (186)

1. Bagchi, D., Wetscher, G.J., Bagchi, M., Hinder, P.R., Perdikis, G., Stohs, S.J., Hinder, R.A. and Das, D.K. (1997). Interrelationship between cellular calcium homeostasis and free radical generation in myocardial reperfusion injury. Chem. Biol. Interact., 104:65-85.
2. Cao, X., Gu, X.Q., Chen, Y.P., Yang, S.J., Chen, Y.P. and Ma, X.Y. (2003). Effect of PQTS on isolated rat heart. Chin. Tradit. Herbal Drugs, 34:827-830.
3. Chang, C., Wang, Y.Q., Yang, G., Feng, Y.B., Rong, S.L. and He, L.Q. (2006a). Protective effect and mechanism of tetrandrine against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Chin. J. Clin. Rehabil., 10:88-91.
4. Chang, P.N., Mao, J.C., Huang, S.H., Ning, L., Wang, Z.J., On, T., Duan, W. and Zhu, Y.Z. (2006b). Analysis of cardioprotective effects using purified Salvia miltiorrhiza extract on isolated rat hearts. J. Pharmacol. Sci., 101:245-249.
5. Chen, X.J., Yu, C.L. and Liu, J.F. (1990). Protective effects of total saponins of Semen ziziphi spinosea on cultured rat myocardial cells. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 11:153-155.
6. Chen, L.B., Tong, L., Zhao, H.X., Song, X.L. and Liu, H.B. (1994). The protective effects of Ginsenosides on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury and the concentration-response relationship. Chin. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 10:353-354.
7. Chen, J.M., Wu, Z.G., Chen, S.C., Zhang, G.Y. and Gong, X.Q. (1998). The effect of tetrandrine on myocardial ATPase activity after myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion in rats. Chin. J. Appl. Physiol., 14:30-33.
8. Chen, Q.W. and Chen, Z.T. (2005). Progress of studies on the pharmacology effect of Lycium Barbarum polysaccharides. Strait. Pharm. J., 17:4-7.
9. Chen, Y.J., Li, J.D. and Huang, Q.F. (2005). Effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on rat cardiomyocytes apoptosis induced by angiotengin II in vitro. China J. Chin. Mater. Med., 30:778-781.
10. Chen, T.Y. and Zheng, W.C. (2006). Effect of Carthamus Tinctorius Extract on myocardial apoptosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat. Chin. J. Tradit. Med. Sci. Technol., 13:99-100.
11. Chen, H.P., He, M., Huang, Q.R., Liu, D. and Huang, M. (2007). Sasanquasaponin protects rat cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress induced by anoxia-reoxygenation injury. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 575:21-27.
12. Chen, K.X., and Zhu, B.H. (2007). Protective effects and mechanism of hypoxia preconditioning and praeruptorin con ischemical reperfusion injury in cardiomyocytes. J. Clin. Med. Pract., 11:35-38.
13. Cheng, D.B., Liu, J.G., Guan, Y.F., Yang, Y.C., Zhu, Q.Y. and Su, D.F. (2000). Effect of Safflor Yellow III on acute myocardial ischemia in dogs. Chin. Pharmacol. Bull., 16:590-591.
14. Chiou, W.F., Chang, P.C., Chou, C.J. and Chen, C.F. (2000). Protein constituent contributes to the hypotensive and vasorelaxant activities of Cordyceps sinensis. Life Sci., 66:1369-1376.
15. Cui, X.J. (2006). The pharmaceutical reseach progress of Berberine and its new clinical use. Lishizhen Med. Mater. Med. Res., 17:1311-1312.
16. Deng, K.Y., Wang, D.Y. and Qiu, P. (1993). Protective effects of tetrandrine on calcium paradox in isolated rat heart. Acta Pharma. Sin., 28:886-892.
17. Deng, Y.K., and Yu, Z.H. (1999). The myocardial protective effect of Extract Ginkgo biloba cardioplegia. Chin. J. Anesthesiol., 19:116-117.
18. Deng, Z.H., Deng, J., Xiang, C.Y. and Wang, K.Z. (2005). Clinical study on changes of plasma nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET) in patients with coronary heart disease. China J. Mod. Med., 15:388-389.
19. Deng, Y.K., Wei, F., An, B.Q., Xiang, D.K. and Zhang, D.G. (2006). Effects of Ginaton on the markers of myocardial injury during cardiopulmonary bypass. Chin. J. Integr. Tradit. West. Med., 26:316-318.
20. Deng, Z.J. (2007). New progress on pharmacological study of Panax Notoginsenoside on the cardiovascular effects. J. Mod. Food Pharmacol., 1:1-4.
21. Ding, T., Xu, H.B., Sun, X.B., Wen, F.C., Zhou, J.H., Sun, L.W., Wei, F. and Ye, D.D. (2002). The protective effect of panax quinquefolium saponin against myocardial ischemia. Pharmacol. Clin. Chin. Mater. Med., 18:14-16.
22. Fan, Y.R., and Liao, Q.W. (2003). The recent study on reactive components like saponin in Chinese medicinal herb. Hunan Guild. J. Tradit. Chin. Med., 9:52-53.
23. Fan, B.J., Pei, F. and Zhao, X.Z. (2009). The effect of Panax quinquefolium saponin on vascular endothelial function of rats with myocardial hypertrophy. Chin. J. Gerontol., 29:811-812.
24. Fang, C. (2004). The pharmacology progress of the effect of Astragalus on cardiovascular diseases. Hunan Guild. J. Tradit. Chin. Med., 10:70-72.
25. Feng, J. and Zheng, Z. (2006). Influence of tanshinone IIA on cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and apoptosis. Chin. J. Clin. Rehabil., 10:69-71.
26. Feng, J.C., Yu, X.H. and Li, P.A. (2008a). Effects of Angelicasinensis (Danggui) Injection on CDK2 protein expression after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J. Math. Med., 21:163-165.
27. Feng, J.C., Zhang, D.L. and Li, P.A. (2008b). The influence of Angelicasinensis (Danggui) Injection on P57kip2 protein expression after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J. Math. Med., 21:33-35.
28. Feng, L.P. and Shang, J.H. (2009). Advances in the research of the cardiovascular effects of alkaloids from Chinese herbal medicine. Yunnan J. Tradit. Chin. Med. Mater. Med., 30:58-60.
29. Fu, X.C., Wang, M.W., Li, S.M. and Li., Y.C. (2006). Protective effects of Folium Bambusae Extract against hypoxic-ischemic myocardium. Chin. Tradit. Pat. Med., 28:558-561.
30. Fu, J., Huang, H., Liu, J., Pi, R., Chen, J. and Liu, P. (2007a). Tanshinone IIA protects cardiac myocytes against oxidative stress-triggered damage and apoptosis. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 568:213-221.
31. Fu, X.C., Wang, X., Zheng, H. and Ma. L.P. (2007b). Anti-myocardial apoptosis of bamboo leaves flavonoid. Chin. J. Integr. Med. Cardio-/Cerebrovasc. Dis., 5:125-126.
32. Gao, Q., Pan, H.Y., Bruce, I.C. and Xia, Q. (2005). Improvement of ventricular mechanical properties by puerarin involves mitochondrial permeability transition in isolated rat heart during ischemia and reperfusion. Conf. Proc. I.E.E.E. Eng. Med. Biol. Soc., 6:5591-5594.
33. Gao, W., Liang, R.X., Xiao, Y.Q., Li, L., Wang, L. and Yang, Q. (2007). Protective effect and its mechanism of preconditioning of chuanxiong-pathalide A on rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cell injury by hypoxia and reoxygenation. China J. Chin. Mater. Med., 32:133-137.
34. Gao, J., Yang, G., Pi, R., Li, R., Wang, P., Zhang, H., Le, K., Chen, S. and Liu, P. (2008). Tanshinone IIA protects neonatal rat cardiomyocytes from adriamycin-induced apoptosis. Transl. Res., 151:79-87.
35. Gu, G.R., Huang, P.Z., Fei, G.Q., Ge, J.B., Tong, C.Y., Yao, C.L. and Shi, D.W. (2005). The effect of preconditioning with Panax notoginseng saponins on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α. Chin. J. Clin. Med., 12:721-723.
36. Guan, H.M., Liu, R.Y., Huang, Z.W. and Zhang, Y.R. (1998). Influence of tetrandrine on myocardium injury in dogs with experimental ischemia reperfusion. J. Clin. Cardiol., 14:296-299.
37. Guan, L.X., Yi, X., Yang, S.J. and Lǚ, Y.F. (2004). The effect of saponins extracted from stem and leaves of Panax quinquefolium on Ca2+ entry at rat myocardial cells. Pharmacol. Clin. Chin. Mater. Med., 20:8-9.
38. Guo, L.Q., Zhang, P. and Huang, L.L. (2006). Research progress on pharmacological action of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis. Acta Chin. Med. Pharmacol., 34:51-53.
39. Hansson, G.K. (1993). Immune and inflammatory mechanisms in the development of atherosclerosis. Br. Heart J., 69(1 Suppl):S38-S41.
40. He, L.N., Yang, J., Jiang, Y., Wang, J., Liu, C. and He, S.B. (2001). Protective effect of tanshinone on injured cultured PC12 cells in vitro. China. J. Chin. Mater. Med., 26:413-416.
41. He, Y.J. & Yue, Y.D. (2008). A review of the effective component and applications of extracts from bamboo leaves. Biomass Chem. Eng., 42;31-38.
42. Herskowitz, A., Choi, S., Ansari, A.A. and Wesselingh, S. (1995). Cytokine mRNA expression in postischemic/reperfusion myocardium. Am. J. Pathol., 146:419-428.
43. Ho, J.W., and Jie, M. (2007). Pharmacological activity of cardiovascular agents from herbal medicine. Cardiovasc. Hematol. Agents Med. Chem., 5:273-277.
44. Hong, C.Y., Lo, Y.C., Tan, F.C., Wei, Y.H. and Chen, C.F. (1994). Astragalus membranaceus and Polygonum multiflorum protect rat heart mitochondria against lipid peroxidation. Am. J. Chin. Med., 22:63-70.
45. Hong, Y., Xie, X.R., Xie, J.D., Zhao, H.P. and Wang. J. (2006). Influence of berberine on heart structure in rat model with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy induced by pressure-overload. J. Beijing Univ. Tradit. Chin. Med., 29:465-467.
46. Hu, B.J., Chen, J.G., Xu, X.H., Chen, Y.C. and Zhu, J.Z. (2001). Experimental study on the cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the early myocardial ischemia. Chin. J. Forens. Med., 17:349-351.
47. Hu, R.X. and Yan, F. (2002). Applications of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. Her. Med., 21:511-512.
48. Huang, Q.R., Cao, S.Y., He, M., Li, P. and Peng, W.J. (2001). Protective effect and pharmacological ischemic preconditioning of sasanquasaponin mediated by NO on intact rat heart. Chin. Tradit. Herbal Drugs, 32:44-46.
49. Huo, G.H. (2007). Investigating progression of Astragalus Mongholicus in angiomyocardiac pharmacologic action. J. Henan Univ. Chin. Med., 22:86-88.
50. Jiang, J.Q., Zeng, Q.T., Cao, L.S. and Zhang. G.Q. (2002). Effects of tetrandrine on early afterdepolarizations and arrhythmias induced by cesium chloride in rabbits. Chin. Rem. Clin., 2:163-165.
51. Jiang, B., Zhang, L., Li, M., Wu, W., Yang, M., Wang, J. and Guo, D.A. (2008). Salvianolic acids prevent acute doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in mice through suppression of oxidative stress. Food Chem. Toxicol., 46:1510-1515.
52. Jin, X.Z. and Jin, Z. (2006). Experimental study on the protective effects of fleeceflower root to the anoxic cultured cardiac muscle cells. Lishizhen. Med. Mater. Med. Res., 17:1454-1456.
53. Ju, C.J., Zhang, Z.G., Zhao, X.Z., Yu, X.F., Qu, S.C. and Sui, D.Y. (2007). The protective effect of PQDS on experimental ventricular remodeling in rats. Chin. J. Gerontol., 27:2173-2175.
54. Kong, L.Y., Wu, X.L. and Min, Z.D. (2002). The semi-synthesis of similar compounds of (+)-praeruptorin A. J. China Pharma. Univ., 33:73-75.
55. Lan, Z., Zeng, F.J., Zeng, L. and Ye, J.M. (2005). Adjustive effects and mechanism of bioflavonoids on heart and blood vessel system. Mod. Prev. Med., 32:613-615.
56. Lei, X.L., Li, L., Chen, Z.H. and Wu, W.L. (2002). Effects of Breviscapin on isoprenaline-induced acute myocardial ischemia in gerbils. Acad. J. Kunming Med. Coll., 23:21-23.
57. Li, X., Chen, J.X. and Sun, J.J. (1990). Protective effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on experimental myocardial injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion in rat. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 11:26-29.
58. Li, Y., Duan, H., Wang, T.C., Zhang, S.H. and Gong, W.Q. (2000). Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on c-fos expression and apoptosis of myocardial cells in myocardial ischemic reperfusion in rats. Chin. Heart J., 12:213-215.
59. Li, Q.L., Meng, G., Chen, Z.W. and Ma, C.G. (2001a). Protective effects of Hyp on the injury myocardial ischemia. Acta Univ. Med. Anhui, 36:15-18.
60. Li, H.C., Zhang, W.J., Ren, Z.F., Lin, L., Cheng, L.Y., Shi, Z.X., Muradi, Y. and Chen, J. (2001b). Effects of Garlicin on plasma endothelin and nitric oxide contents in rabbits of acute myocardial ischemia. J. Tradit. Chin. Med., 42:302-303,317.
61. Li, Q.L., Chou, G.X., Chen, Z.W. and Ma, C.G. (2002a). Inhibitory mechanism of Hyperin on the apoptosis in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Acta Pharma. Sin., 37:849-852.
62. Li, G., Shi, Z.X., Jia, H.Z., Liu, J.X. and Shang, X.H. (2002b). The experimental study of the biochemical mechanisms of Allicin against canine myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Pharmacol. Clin. Chin. Mater. Med., 18:11-13.
63. Li, L., Ke, L., Peng, D.F. and Gu, Y. (2003). The effect of Astragalus Memberanaceus on the myocardium during anoxia. Chin. J. Integr. Med. Cardio-/Cerebrovasc. Dis., 1:79-80.
64. Li, S.Q. and He, H. (2003). Effects of Astragalus Membranaceus on superoxide dimutase and lipid peroxide in patients with pectoris. Chin. J. Integr. Med. Cardio-/Cerebrovasc. Dis., 1:23-24.
65. Li, Y., Wan, F.S. and Li, S.H. (2004). Effects of Ligustrazine on NO and free radicals of mitochondria in rats with myocardial ischemia. Acta Chin. Med. Pharmcol., 32:47-48.
66. Li, X.Z., Liu, J.X., Shang, X.H. and Fu, J.H. (2006). Comparative Study on the protective effects of Ginsenosides Extracts from different parts of Ginseng on acute myocardial ischemia in dogs. Tradit. Chin. Drug Res. Clin. Pharmacol., 17:83-86.
67. Li, N.S., Zhong, Z.L. and Jiang, D.J. (2007a). Delayed cardioprotection of Gingkgo biloba leaf extract and its mechanisms. Chin. Tradit. Herbal Drugs, 38:1046-1050.
68. Li, P.Q., Liu, X.P. and Chen, C. (2007b). The influence of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion on myocardial mitochondria and the research situation of protective effects of Chinese herbal medicine. J. Gansu Coll. Tradit. Chin. Med., 24:43-46.
69. Li, L., Gao, X.L., Ding, B.X. and Yuan. B.X. (2007c). Effect of total flaveos of Gymostemma pentaphyllum on protein expression of Fas/FasL genes and TNF-α concentration in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with hypoxia-reoxygenation. China J. Chin. Mater. Med., 32:1925-1927.
70. Liao, Y.H., Deng, Y.M., Liu, X., Hu, P.X. and Yan, X.S. (2001). Experimental study of protecting effect of Allimin Injection on cardiac function during acute myocardial ischemia re-perfusion injury in rabbits. J. Hubei Coll. Tradit. Chin. Med., 3:25-26.
71. Liebgott, T., Miollan, M., Berchadsky, Y., Drieu, K., Culcasi, M. and Pietri, S. (2000). Complementary cardioprotective effects of flavonoid metabolites and terpenoid constituents of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) during ischemia and reperfusion. Basic. Res. Cardiol., 95:368-377.
72. Lin, Y.H., Li, X.C., Luo, D.S., Dong, J.X. and Wang, H.Z. (1998). The protective effect of SCE on animal pneumatorexis and myocardial ischemia. J. Xianning Med. Coll., 12:79-82.
73. Lin, L.L., Liu, A.J., Liu, J.G., Yu, X.H., Qin, L.P. and Su, D.F. (2007). Protective effects of scutellarin and breviscapine on brain and heart ischemia in rats. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 50:327-332.
74. Lin, Q.Y., Jin, L.J., Cao, Z.H., Li, H.Q. and Xu, Y.P. (2008). Protective effect of Acanthopanax senticosus extract against endotoxic shock in mice. J. Ethnopharmacol., 118:495-502.
75. Ling, S., Nheu, L., Dai, A., Guo, Z. and Komesaroff, P. (2008). Effects of four medicinal herbs on human vascular endothelial cells in culture. Int. J. Cardiol., 128:350-358.
76. Liu, K., Abe, T., Sekine, S., Goto, Y., Iijima, K., Kondon, K., Matsukawa, M., Tian, J., Wu, W., Zhang, B., Chen, L., Zhang, H., Zhang, X., Zhao, H. and Song, X. (1998). Experimental study on the scavenging effects of ginsenosides on oxygen free radicals using model of heterotopic heart transplantation in rats. Ann. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 4:188-191.
77. Liu, F.Z., Li, Y.P., Huang, M.L., Jiang, J.L., Xie, Z.H., Zhao, Y.J., Sun, J.S. and Wang, X.M. (1999). The protective effect of Cordyceps Sinensis (Berk) succi on the myocardium during ischemia reperfusion. Chin. J. Pathophysiol., 15:240-241.
78. Liu, S.Y., Sui, D.Y., Yu, X.F., Lu, Z.Z. and Wang. L. (2001). Effects of Panax quinquefolium 20s-protopanaxdiol saponins on the hemodynamics and cardial oxygen metabolism in dogs with acute myocardial infarction. Chin. Pharm. J., 36:25-29.
79. Liu, H., Wu, X.D., Yan, Q., Xu, D.Y. and Jia, H.B. (2003a). Protective effect of baicalin on hypoxia injury in neonatal rats cardiomyocyte. J. China Pharm. Univ., 34:55-57.
80. Liu, J.X., Wang, Y.F. and Li. G.S. (2003b). Advances of pharmaceutical studies of andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) and its derivatives. J. Chin. Med. Mater., 26:60-63.
81. Liu, X.D. and Chen, Y.Z. (2004). The Effects of Breviscapine on cardiac myocyte apoptosis and expression of bcl-2 during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion course in rats. J. Guiyang Med. Coll., 29:102-104.
82. Liu, S.X., Sun, M. and Li, T. (2004a). The influence of hypoxia on intracellular free calcium ion concentration and expression of cellular membranous Ca2+-ATPase of myocardium and the interference of dioscornin. Chin. J. Med., 39:31-33.
83. Liu, S.X., Li, T. and Sun, M. (2004b). The effect of anoxic injury and the dioscornin intervention on intracellular calcium concentration and SERCA2 expression of myocardial cells. Chin. J. Cardiol., 32:841-843.
84. Liu, L., Shi, R., Shi, Q., Cheng, Y. and Huo, Y. (2008). Protective effect of saponins from Panax notoginseng against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. Planta Med., 74:203-209.
85. Lu, F.H. (1987). Cardiac glycosides in traditional Chinese medicine. J. Tongji Med. Univ., 7:195-201.
86. Lu, X.H., Guan, S.Z., He, J.S., Tan, B. and Li. Y.J. (2004). Study on anti-oxidative active ingredients in Portulaca. Acta Univ. Tradit. Med. Sin. Pharmacol. Shanghai, 18:56-58.
87. Lǚ, Z.J. and Liang, X.G. (2005). Effect of Panax Notoginsenosides on apoptosis and apoptosis controlling gene in vascular endothelial cell. Chin. J. Integr. Med. Cardio-/Cerebrovasc. Dis., 3:975-977.
88. Luo, J.Z., Xi, S.F. and Shi, X.J. (2000). Effects of Berine on heart preservation. J. Beijing Univ. Tradit. Chin. Med., 23:27-29.
89. Luo, Y., Liu, Y.L., Chen, Y., Cha, D.G., Huang, X.B. and Liu, J. (2002). The prevention of experimental myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by Polysaccharide Krestin. Chin. J. Atheroscl., 10:125-128.
90. Luo, Z., Zhong, L., Han, X., Wang, H., Zhong, J. and Xuan, Z. (2009). Astragalus membranaceus prevents daunorubicin-induced apoptosis of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes: Role of free radical effect of Astragalus membranaceus on daunorubicin cardiotoxicity. Phytother. Res., 23:761-767.
91. Mao, S.Z., Yan, Z. and Xie, Y.P. (2004). Preventive effect of Breviscapus Injection on chronic hypoxic myocardium injury in rats. J. Chin. Integr. Med., 2:117-119.
92. Meng, D., Chen, X.J., Yang, D., Bian, Y.Y., Li, P. and Zhang, J.N. (2004). Effects of astragalosides on the cultivation of calcium overload in rat cardiac myocytes. Chin. J. Clin. Rehabil., 8:462-463.
93. Min, Q., Bai, Y.T., Zhang, Z. and Shi, L.Y. (2007). Influence of hawthorn leaves flavonoids on electrocardiogram, nitrogen monoxidum and malondial dehyde of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Pharmacol. Clin. Chin. Mater., 12:800-803.
94. Mo, S.W., Chen, L.H., Liu, N., Jin, J.N., Zhang, S.Y., Li, W.X., Chen, Z.H. and Liu, K.M. (1995). Influence of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) on Ca2+ transmembrane influx in rat aorta. Chin. Tradit. Herbal Drugs, 26:532-534.
95. Ni, M. (2004). Advances in animal experiments of prophylaxis and treatment of acute myocardial ischemia with Chinese herbal compound or monomer. T.C.M. Res., 17:56-58.
96. Ni, L., Xu, P., Wu, X.S. and Chen, F. (2007). Antioxidative effect of dioscin on cardiomyocyte following hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Shanghai J. Tradit. Chin. Med., 41:76-77.
97. Nizamutdinova, I.T., Jin, Y.C., Kim, J.S., Yean, M.H., Kang, S.S., Kim, Y.S., Lee, J.H., Seo, H.G., Kim, H.J. and Chang, K.C. (2008). Paeonol and paeoniflorin, the main active principles of Paeonia albiflora, protect the heart from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Planta Med., 74:14-18.
98. Ouyang, C.H., Wu, J.L., and Chen, J.H. (2006). Protective effect of baicalin aganist myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Chin. J. New Drugs Clin. Rem., 25:407-412.
99. Piao, Y.Z., Jing, M., Zang, B.X., Chen, W.M., Wu, W. and Li, J.R. (2002). Study on the protective effect of Safflor Yellow against rat myocardial ischemia. J. Cardiovasc. Pulm. Dis., 21:225-228.
100. Qi, G. and Zhang, L. (2003). Progress of Gynostemma on pharmacology. Acta Acad. Med. C.P.A.P.F., 12:239-241.
101. Qu, S.C., Sui, C., Yu, X.F., Wang, X.H., He, X.X. and Xu, H.L. (2007). Protective effects of Ginsenoside-Rb on experimental myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J. Jilin Univ. (Med. Ed.), 33:849-852.
102. Qu, D., Zhang, H., Feng, X.H., Jin, D. and Cai, D.L. (2009). Effect of Tremella Polysaccharides on cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Chin. J. Clin. Nutr., 17:215-219.
103. Scott, G.I., Colligan, P.B., Ren, B.H. and Ren. J. (2001). Ginsenosides Rb1 and Re decrease cardiac contraction in adult rat ventricular myocytes: Role of nitric oxide. Br. J. Pharmacol., 134:1159-1165.
104. Shang, L.Z., Wang, J.R., Cui, M.X. and Li, M.W. (2007). Experimental study of protective effects and mechanism of Leonurus Japonicus Injection on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. J. Henan Univ. Chin. Med., 22:21-23.
105. Shangguan, H.J., Xu, J., Guan, H.S. and Zhao, Y.F. (2008). Effects of Radix Angelicae Sinensis on myocardial apoptosis and ventricular remolding after myocardial infarction. Chin. J. Integr. Tradit. West. Med. Intens. Crit. Care, 15:39-44.
106. Shen, J.G. and Zhou, D.Y. (1995). Efficiency of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) in antioxidant protection against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int., 35:125-134.
107. Shi, L.X. and Yan, Z. (2005). Protective effect of TCM ingredient on VECs. J. Pharm. Pract., 23:263-265.
108. Shi, C.Z., Gu, X., Feng, Y.B., Li, M., Zhang, X.P. and Fu, Z.L. (2006). Effects of allitridum on apoptosis of anoxia-reoxygenation myocardium in rats. Jiangsu Med. J., 32:54-56.
109. Song, G., He, L., Wang, B. and Jiang, C.G. (2008). Astragalus Injection exerts anti-reperfusion injury through ERK1/2 pathway in cultured cardiac myocytes. Chin. J. Extracorpor. Circ., 6:52-54.
110. Sun, H.D. (2004). Modernization is the only way for developing Chinese material medicine and plants herbal. J. Yunnan Coll. Tradit. Chin. Med., 27:3-5.
111. Sun, W., Li, H. and Yang, S.J. (2008). A triterpene saponin from Tribulus terrestris attenuates apoptosis in cardiocyte via activating PKC signalling transduction pathway. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 10:39-48.
112. Tan, R., Gu, J., Liu, R. and Long, S.J. (2006). Effects of DSF on the NO system level in experieimental rats of myocardial ischemia. Chin. Tradit. Herbal. Drugs, 29;940-943. http://www.paper.edu.cn/index.php/default/selfs/downpaper/gujian421140-self-200902-3.
113. Tang, J.R. and Shi, L. (1990). The antioxidant effect of paeonol on cultured neonatal rat myocyte with normal calcium or calcium paradox. Chin. Tradit. Herbal. Drugs, 21:19-21.
114. Tang, X.D., Jian, J.Q., Liu, B.Y., Zhou, K., Ding, S. and Yu, Y.K. (2003). Molecular mechanism of protective effect of total saponins of Panax Notoginseny against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. J. Anhui Tradit. Chin. Med. Coll., 22:34-37.
115. Tang, Y. (2006). Effects of Tetrahydroxystilbene-glucoside and its compound preparations on myocardial remodeling of aging rats [Master degree dissertation]. Beijing: Capital Medical University. http://www.lifedoc.cn/yiyaolunwen/200901/11-1204.html.
116. Tang, Y., Zhong, Z.Y., Ge, Y.Z., Sheng, G.T. and Cao, P.L. (2007). Effects of puerarin on the expression of heat shock protein 70 in ischemia/reperfusion injured myocardium. J. Clin. Rehabil. Tissue Eng. Res., 11:10265-10268.
117. Tanner, M.A., Bu, X., Steimle, J.A. and Myers, P.R. (1999). The direct release of nitric oxide by gypenosides derived from the herb Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Nitric Oxide, 3:359-365.
118. Tosaki, A., Engelman, D.T., Pali, T., Engelman, R.M. and Droy-Lefaix, M.T. (1994). Ginkgo biloba extract (Egb 761) improves postischemic function in isolated preconditioned working rat hearts. Coron. Artery Dis., 5:443-450.
119. Varga, E., Bodi, A., Ferdinandy, P., Droy-Lefaix, M.T., Blasig, I.E. and Tosaki, A. (1999). The protective effect of EGb 761 in isolated ischemic/reperfused rat hearts: A link between cardiac function and nitric oxide production. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 34:711-717.
120. Wan, H.Y., Ding, L., Kong, X.P. and Chen, X.J. (1995). Protective effects of total saponins of Semen Ziziphi saponase on cultured myocardial cells exposed to anoxia-reoxygenation. Prog. Biochem. Biophys., 22:540-542.
121. Wang, L., Yang, J.W. and Song, F.P. (2003). The study review of common andrographis herb in pharmacology. Inf. Tradit. Chin. Med., 20:27-29.
122. Wang, B.H. (2004). The development of injury mechanism research and Chinese herbal treatment in reperfusion for myocardial ischemia. J. Tianjin Univ. Tradit. Chin. Med., 23:104-106.
123. Wang, Y.X. and He. L.R. (2004). Pharmaceutical action of puerarin on cardiovascular system and its mechanisms. Shanghai J. Tradit. Chin. Med., 38:62-64.
124. Wang, G. and Juan, X.D. (2005). Acanthopanax Senticosus and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Acta Acad. Med. Weifang, 27:140-144.
125. Wang, C.L., Shi, D.Z., Yin, H.J. and Chen, K.J. (2007a). Effect of Panax quinquefolius saponin on angiogenesis and expressions of VEGF and bFGF in myocardium of rats with acute myocardial infarction. Chin. J. Integr. Tradit. West. Med., 27:331-334.
126. Wang, Y.Q., Chang, C., Yang, G., Rong, S.L. and Feng, Y.B. (2007b). The effect of tetrandrine on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and the activation of nuclear factor-κB against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J. Chin. Microcirc., 11:172-175.
127. Woo, A.Y., Cheng, C.H. and Waye, M.M. (2005). Baicalein protects rat cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation damage via a prooxidant mechanism. Cardiovasc. Res., 65:244-253.
128. Woo, A.Y., Waye, M.M., Tsui, S.K., Yeung, S.T. and Cheng, C.H. (2008). Andrographolide up-regulates cellular-reduced glutathione level and protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 325:226-235.
129. Wu, H.E., Zhao, Y. and Zhen, H.S. (2002). An outline of the research on pharmaceutical activities of Andrographis paniculata and the mechanisms. Chin. Arch. Tradit. Chin. Med., 20:857-858.
130. Wu, Y. and Gu, Y.M. (2006). Extract of ginkgo biloba and quercetin inhibit angiotensin-II induced hypertrophy in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Chin. J. Cardiol., 34:454-457.
131. Xi, Q.Y., Zhu, B.H., Liu, C. and Zhang, N.F. (2008). Effects of praeruptorin C on myocardial plasma membrane calcium handling proteins during ischemia/reperfusion. Chin. Heart J., 20:513-516.
132. Xin, X.L. and Liu, C.H. (2000). The research progress of antioxidation of polysaccharides of Chinese medicine. J. Beijing Univ. Tradit. Chin. Med., 23:54-55.
133. Xiping, Z., Hua, T., Hanqing, C., Li, C., Zhiwei, W., Keyi, W., Wei, Y., Yun, L., Qingyu, L., Qing, H. and Fei, W. (2007). The protecting effects and mechanisms of Baicalin and Octreotide on heart injury in rats with SAP. Mediators Inflamm., 2007:19469.
134. Xu, Y., Ma, Y., Chen, F., Sun, P.Y., Zhang, B.F. and Chen, Y.J. (2000). The protective effects of Hyperin on culture myocardial cells. J. Shenyang Pharma. Univ., 17:365-366.
135. Xu, R., Huang, X. and Li, Y. (2001). The research progress of the relationship between the NO-NOS system associated with cardiovascular diseases and Traditional Chinese Medicine. J. Shandong Univ. Tradit. Chin. Med., 25:470-474.
136. Xu, X.X., Xia, L.Z. and Gao, J.R. (2004). The research progress of antioxidation of Saponins of Chinese medicine. Chin. J. Tradit. Med. Sci. Technol., 11:126-128.
137. Xu, Y.Y., Wan, R.Z., Lin, Y.P., Yang, L., Chen, Y. and Liu, C.X. (2007). Recent advance on research and application of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Asian J. Pharmacodyn. Pharmacokinet., 7:99-130.
138. Yamaguchi, Y., Kagota, S., Nakamura, K., Shinozuka, K. and Kunitomo, M. (2000). Inhibitory effects of water extracts from fruiting bodies of cultured Cordyceps sinensis on raised serum lipid peroxide levels and aortic cholesterol deposition in atherosclerotic mice. Phytother. Res., 14:650-652.
139. Yan, X.H., Zhang, F.X. and Wei, X.Y. (2000). The research progress of the cardiovascular active ingredients of the alkaloids of medicinal plants and the structure-activity relationship. J. Chin. Med. Mater., 23:234-236.
140. Yan, Y.J., Li, C.M., Pu, D.L., Wang, Z.M., Zhang, Y.M., Ding, H.S., Liu, X.F., Gu, S.Z. and Cao, B. (2005). The protective effect of Puerarin on the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. J. Nantong Univ. (Med. Sci.), 25:407-409.
141. Yang, J.R., Li, Q.P. and Rao, M.R. (1992). Protective effects of praeruptorin C and nifedipine on ischemia-reperfused injury in working rat hearts. Acta Pharma. Sin., 27:729-733.
142. Yang, J.J., Hu, S.T., Zhang, Z., Ren, B.B. and Ma, J.B. (2001). Ultrastructure effect of free radicals injury in cultured cardiac cells by LBPS. Chin. J. Bas. Med. Tradit. Chin. Med., 7:37-39.
143. Yang, R., Liu, A., Ma, X., Li, L., Su, D. and Liu, J. (2008a). Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate protects cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis through inhibiting JNK activation. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 51:396-401.
144. Yang, B., Gao, Q., Yao, H. and Xia, Q. (2008b). Mitochondrial mechanism of cardioprotective effect of puerarin against H2O2-stress in rats. Chin. J. Appl. Physiol., 24:399-404.
145. Ye, X.Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, J. and Wang, Y.F. (2005). Effect of hawthorn leaves flavonoids on cultured myocardial cell injury by hypoxia-no glucose. Chin. J. Mod. Appl. Pharm., 22:202-204.
146. Yi, H.Z., Wu, W.K. and Hou, C. (1995). Progress on research in preventing and treating the myocardial ischemia/reperfussion injury with Chinese herb medicine. Chin. J. Integr. Tradit. West. Med., 15:509-511.
147. Yim, T.K., Wu, W.K., Pak, W.F., Mak, D.H., Liang, S.M. and Ko, K.M. (2000). Myocardial protection against ischaemia-reperfusion injury by a Polygonum multiflorum extract supplemented 'Dang-Gui decoction for enriching blood', a compound formulation, ex vivo. Phytother. Res., 14:195-199.
148. Yin, H.J., Zhang, Y., Jiang, Y.R., Luo, L., Liu, Y., Shi, D.Z. and Chen, K.J. (2005). Effect of Folium Panax quinquefolium saponins on apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells and apoptosis-related gene expression in rats with acute myocardial infarction. Chin. J. Integr. Tradit. West. Med., 25:232-235.
149. Yin, H.J., Wang, X.G. and Shi, D.Z. (2006). Influence of GSTT on NF-κB activity and its downstream gene expression in cardiac muscle cell with hypoxia-reoxygenation. Mod. J. Integr. Tradit. Chin. West. Med., 15:11-13.
150. Yu, Z., He, J.X. and Wang, F.F. (1998). The effect of Cordyceps sinensis on the injury of cultured neonatal rat myocardial cells due to anoxia-reoxygenation. Acad. J. First Med. Coll. P.L.A., 18:108-109.
151. Yu, H., Li, Y.D., Liu, K. and Zhao, X. (2006). Effect and significance of Angelicasinensis (Danggui) injection in myocardial cell hypertrophy on induced by angiotensin II. Chin. J. Pract. Chin. Mod. Med., 19:1414,1416.
152. Yu, L.F., Liao, J., Wang, S., Li, N. and Mei, S.C. (2007). Effects of Ginkgolide B on the apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes by fluorescent microscope. Mod. Sci. Instr., 17:70-72.
153. Yuan, M.K., Zhao, H.X., Song, X.L. and Jiang, Y.Z. (1997). The protective effects of panaxadiol saponins on the ischemic myocardial reperfusion injury and its concentration-effect relation. J. Norman Bethune Univ. Med. Sci., 23:492-493.
154. Yuan, M.K., Jiang, Y.Z., Zhao, H.X. and Zhang, B.M. (2003). Comparison of the protective effects of Ginsenosides and Panaxadiol saponins against reperfusion injury due to myocardial ischemia. Shenzhen J. Integr. Tradit. Chin. West. Med., 13:283-285.
155. Yuan, X.F., Zhao, B. and Wang, Y.C. (2004). Advances in studies on Saussurea involucrate. Chin. Tradit. Herbal Drugs, 35:1424-1426.
156. Yue, H.W., and Hu, X.Q. (1996). Clinical study of myocardial protection of puerarin cardioplegia in open heart surgery. Chin. Circ. J., 11:164-168.
157. Zhan, S., Zhang, W.J., Zhong, G.G., Liu, W., Jiang, Y. and Shao, C.J. (1995). Influence of acanthopanax senticosides B (Sb) on the action potential of cultured myocardial cells in rats. J. Jilin Univ. (Med. Ed.), 21:17-19.
158. Zhang, W.G. and Zhang, Z.S. (1994). The protective effects of paeonol on membrane lipids of mitochondria of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury of rats. Chin. Tradit. Herbal Drugs, 25:193-194.
159. Zhang, J.M., Chen, L.B., Zhao, H.X., Wang, Y. and Tong, L. (1998). Effects of ginsenosides on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury and concentration effect relationship. J. Norman Bethune Univ. Med. Sci., 24:254-256.
160. Zhang, Y., Huang, Y., Jiao, Q.P., Yang, S.P., Li, J., Gong, L. and Chen, Y. (2000). In vitro preventive effect of Ginkgo biloba extracts on myocardial ischemic reperfusive injury in SD rats. Chin. J. Clin. Pharm., 9:163-165.
161. Zhang, Y., Wu, X.Q. and Yu, Z.Y. (2002a). Comparison study on total flavonoid content and anti-free redical activity of the leaves of bamboo, phyllostachys nigra, and ginkgo bilabo. China J. Chin. Mater. Med., 27:254-257.
162. Zhang, Y., Wang, S.M. and He, X.H. (2002b). Immunity of nitrogen monoxide and regulating action of Chinese drugs. Shaanxi J. Tradit. Chin. Med., 23:1120-1123.
163. Zhang, S.Q. and Shi, X.J. (2003). Experiment of the preservation of the isolated rat hearts with honghua (the flower of Carthamus tinctorius). J. Beijing Univ. Tradit. Chin. Med., 26:47-49.
164. Zhang, M.X., Li, X.Z., Zhao, L., Zhao, H. and Xu, C.X. (2003a). Experimental studies on antisenility effect of Carthamus tinctorius. Chin. Tradit. Herbal Drugs, 32:52-53.
165. Zhang, X., Zhang, C.Y., Wang, W., Xu, D.Q. and Yang, J. (2003b). Influence of the serum of Radix Ophiopogonison the apoptosis related gene expression and intracellular Ca2+ in vascular endothelial cells treated with LPS. Chin. J. Pathophysiol., 19:789-791.
166. Zhang, G.Q., Hao, X.M., Chen, S.Z., Zhou, P.A., Cheng, H.P. and Wu, C.H. (2003c). Blockade of paeoniflorin on L-type calcium channel in isolated rat ventricular myocytes. Chin. Pharmacol. Bull., 19:863-866.
167. Zhang, R.Q., Cheng, H.X., Ma, Y.Y., Xu, K., Jia, G.L., Li, F. and Liu, B. (2003d). Effects of tetrandrine on apoptosis of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes during ischemia/reperfusion injury. J. Fourth Mil. Med. Univ., 24:302-305.
168. Zhang, F., Chen, R.F., Li, H.L. and Huang, D.J. (2005a). Effect of gene expression of bcl-2 and bcl-xL in rabbit myocardium by Ginko biloba extract GBE50. Chin. Tradit. Pat. Med., 27:60-62.
169. Zhang, W., Yuan, B.X., Yu, X.J., Sun, H. and Xia, C.T. (2005b). Protective action of Semen Ziziphi Spinosaeand on acute myocardial ischemia. J. Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. (Med. Sci.), 26:333-335.
170. Zhang, H., Lǚ, G.Y., Chen, S.H. and Zhou, G.F. (2007). Advances in studying on Chinese medicine active part of anti-myocardial ischemia pharmacology. J. Jiangxi Univ. Tradit. Chin. Med., 19:85-88.
171. Zhang, J. and Gao, E. (2008). The research progress of ginkgo biloba extract protecting myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. J. Math. Med., 21:719-721.
172. Zhang, S.Y., Chen, G., Wei, P.F., Huang, X.S., Dai, Y., Shen, Y.J., Chen, S.L., Sun-Chi, C.A. and Xu, H.X. (2008a). The effect of puerarin on serum nitric oxide concentration and myocardial eNOS expression in rats with myocardial infarction. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 10:373-381.
173. Zhang, G.W., Yi, X.T. and Su, Z.J. (2008b). Effects of paeoniflorin on anti-myocardial ischemia in rats and anti-myocardial apoptosis. Highlights of Sciencepaper Online, 1:1704-1707.
174. Zhao, X.S., Shen, J.K., Jia, Y.H. and Luo, R. (2004). The prevention of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in TCM. Inf. Tradit. Chin. Med., 21:12-15.
175. Zhao, Y.Q., Kang, Y., Gao, W.Z., Wang, W., Fan, X.J. and Lou, J.S. (2008). Cardioprotective effects of dioscin against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Chin. J. Cardiovasc. Med. 13:434-437.
176. Zheng, Q.B., Chen, J.H. and Wu, J.L. (2002). Effects of Gynostemma Pentaphyllam on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J. Xianning Med. Coll., 16:89-91.
177. Zheng, G.H. and Zheng, Q.B. (2007). Influence of Gynostemma Pentaphyllam on expression of tumor necrosis factor in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. J. Xianning Coll. Med. Sci., 21:7-8.
178. Zheng, H.H., Wang, Q.J., Pan, Z.W. and Kong, L.Y. (2007). Effects of praeruptorin C on experimental myocardial ischemic injury. Chin. J. New Drugs Clin. Rem., 26:409-412.
179. Zhou, X.M. (2000). Endothelin and its receptor antagonists. China Pharm., 3:303-306.
180. Zhou, Y., Tong, S.J., Wang, N.P., Zhao, J.N. and Li, X.R. (2000). Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on enzyme activities in macrophages and NO induction of mice. Shandong J. Tradit. Chin. Med., 9:361-362.
181. Zhou, Y.L. and Xu, M. (2001). Study on protective effects of ginsenosides on ischemia reperfusion myocardium of rats. J. Wuhan Univ. Sci. Technol. (Nat. Sci. Ed.), 24:196-198.
182. Zhou, J.Z., Lei, H. and Chen, Y.Z. (2002a). Effect of Erigeron breviscapus injection on ventricular and vascular remodeling in spontaneous hypertension rats. Chin. J. Integr. Tradit. West. Med., 22:122-125.
183. Zhou, J.Z., Lei, H., Chen, Y.Z., Li, F.Q. and Ma, C.S. (2002b). Ventricular remodeling by Scutellarein treatment in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Chin. Med. J., 115:375-377.
184. Zhou, Y.H., Xu, D.S., Feng, Y., Fang, J., Xia, H.L., Liu, J., Luo, Y.Q., Ni, J.N. and Xie, Q.Q. (2003). Effects on nutrition blood flow of cardiac muscle in mice by different extracts in Radix Ophiopogonis. Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Formul., 9:22-24.
185. Zhou, Q., He, W., Zhou, L. and Wang, W.H. (2006). The protective effect of total saponins of Panax notoginseng on rat myocardial hypertrophy. Lishizhen Med. Mater. Med. Res., 17:506-507.
186. Zhu, Z.T., Yao, Z., Li, H.Q., Lu, Y. and Lou, J.S. (2001). Effect of puerarin on activities of cytokines secreted by neonatal cardiomyocytes during hypoxia/reoxygenation. Chin. Pharmacol. Bull., 17:296-298.