Comparison of PCDD/F and dl-PCB levels in Turkish foodstuffs: Industrial versus rural, local versus supermarket products, and assessment of dietary intake

Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A

Volumn 28, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 913-924

  Kilic, Devrim ^a   Çakiroǧullari, Gül Çelik ^a   Uçar, Yunus ^a   Theelen, Rob ^b   Traag, Wim ^c  

^a Plant Protection Research Institute   (Turkey)

^b WVA Voedsel en Waren Autoriteit Office for Risk Assessment   (Netherlands)

^c WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Animal products; Dioxins; Eggs; Environmental contaminants; Extraction; GC MS; Market basket survey; Meat; Milk; Oils and fats; PCBs; Risk assessment; TEQs

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOMETRY; CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION; DAIRIES; DAIRY PRODUCTS; EXTRACTION; FISH; MEATS; NUTRITION; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; PETROLEUM INDUSTRY; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; RISK ASSESSMENT;

ANIMAL PRODUCTS; DIOXINS; EGGS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANT; GC/MS; MARKET BASKET; MILK; TEQS;

OILS AND FATS;

DIBENZOFURAN; EDIBLE OIL; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXIN; 2,3,7,8 TETRACHLORODIBENZO PARA DIOXIN; BENZOFURAN DERIVATIVE; POLLUTANT; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURAN; POLYCHLORODIBENZO-4-DIOXIN; POLYMER;

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DAIRY PRODUCT; DIETARY INTAKE; EGG; FISH; INDUSTRIAL AREA; MEAT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RURAL AREA; TURKEY (BIRD); ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE; ANALOGS AND DERIVATIVES; ANALYSIS; ANIMAL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EATING; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD INDUSTRY; FOOD SAFETY; HUMAN; MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION; POLLUTANT; RISK ASSESSMENT; RURAL POPULATION; TOXICITY; TURKEY;

ANIMALIA;

ANIMALS; BENZOFURANS; EATING; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD INDUSTRY; FOOD SAFETY; HUMANS; MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; POLYMERS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RURAL POPULATION; TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXIN; TURKEY;

EID: 79960307365     PISSN: 19440049     EISSN: 14645122     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.565482     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Ahlborg UG, Becking GC, Birnbaum LS, Brouwer A, Derks HJGM, Feely M, Golor G, Hanberg A, Larsen JC, Liem AKD, et al. 1994. Toxic equivalency factors for dioxin-like PCBs. Chemosphere. 28:1049-1067.
2. Arnich N, Tard A, Leblanc J-C, Le Bizec B, Narbonne J-F, Maximilien R. 2009. Dietary intake of non-dioxin-like PCBs (NDL-PCBs) in France, impact of maximum levels in some foodstuffs. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 54:287-293.
3. Babu-Rajendran R, Imagawa T, Tao H, Ramesh R. 2005. Distribution of PCBs, HCHs and DDTs, and their ecotoxicological implications in Bay of Bengal, India. Environ Int. 31:503-512.
4. Bayarri S, Baldassari LT, Iacovella N, Ferrara F, di Domenico A. 2001. PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and DDE in edible marine species from the Adriatic Sea. Chemosphere. 43:601-610.
5. Beck H, Eckart K, Mathar W, Wittkowski R. 1989. PCDD and PCDF body burden from food intake in the Federal republic of Germany. Chemosphere. 18:417-424.
6. Çaki{dotless}roǧullari{dotless} GC, Ki{dotless}li{dotless}ç D, Uçar Y. 2010. Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzo-p-furans and polychlorinated biphenyls in farmed Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) from Turkey. Food Control. 21:1245-1249.
7. Çaki{dotless}roǧullari{dotless} GC, Uçar Y, Oymael B, Bozkurt EN, Ki{dotless}li{dotless}ç D. 2010. PCDD/F, dl-PCB and indicator PCBs in whiting, horse-mackerel and anchovy in Black Sea in Turkey. Turk J Fish Aquat Sci. 10:357-362.
8. Çaki{dotless}roǧullari{dotless} GC, Uçar Y, Ki{dotless}li{dotless}ç D. 2010. PCDD/F and PCB contamination in Atherina boyeri (Risso, 1810) from Turkey. Food Control. 22:67-71.
9. Coelhan M, Strohmeier J, Barlas H. 2006. Organochlorine levels in edible fish from the Marmara Sea, Turkey. Environ Int. 32:775-780.
10. De Mul A, Bakker MI, Zeilmaker MJ, Traag WA, van Leeuwen SPJ, Hoogenboom RLAP, Boon PE, van Klaveren JD. 2008. Dietary exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in The Netherlands anno 2004. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 51:278-287.
11. EC. 2006a. European Commission recommendation on the monitoring of bakground levels of dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and non-dioxin-like PCBs in foodstuffs. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/food/chemicalsafety/contaminants/dioxins_en.htm
12. EC. 2006b. European Commision Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Off J Eur Commun. L364: 5-24.
13. EC. 2006c. European Commision Directive 2006/13/EC of 3 February 2006 amending Annexes I and II to Directive 2002/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on undesirable substances in animal feeds as regards dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs. Off J Eur Commun. L32: 44-53.
14. Focant J-F, Eppe G, Pirard C, Massart A-C, Andre J-E, De Pauw E. 2002. Levels and congener distributions of PCDDs, PCDFs and non-ortho PCBs in Belgian foodstuffs. Assessment of dietary intake. Chemosphere. 48:167-179.
15. Focant JF, Pirard C, Massart AC, Scholl G, Eppe G, De Pauw E. 2005. Integrated PLE-multi step automated clean-up and fractionation for the measurement of dioxins and PCBs in food and feed. Organohalogen Compd. 67:261.
16. Fries GF. 1995. A review of the significance of animal food products as potential pathways of human exposure to dioxins. J Anim Sci. 73:1639-1650.
17. Fürst P, Beck H, Theelen R. 1992. Assessment of human intake of PCDDs and PCDFs from different environmental sources. Toxicol Subst. 12:133-150.
18. Hoogenboom R, Traag W. 2006. Session E: Food safety and residues. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 29(Suppl 1):129-180.
19. Kodavanti PR, Ward TR, Derr-Yellin EC, Mundy WR, Casey AC, Bush B, Tilson HA. 1998. Congener-specific distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in brain regions, blood, liver, and fat of adult rats following repeated exposure to Aroclor 1254. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 153(2):199-210.
20. Köksal, O. 1977. Türkiye 1974 Beslenme-Saǧli{dotless}k ve Gi{dotless}da Tüketimi Aras ti{dotless}rmasi{dotless}. Ankara: Aydi{dotless}n Matbaasi{dotless}.
21. Liem AK D, Fürst P, Rappe C. 2000. Exposure of populations to dioxins and related compounds. Food Addit Contam A. 17:241-259.
22. Llobet JM, Domingo JL, Bocio A, Casas C, Teixido A, Müler L. 2003. Human exposure to dioxins through the diet in Catalonia, Spain: carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. Chemosphere. 50:1193-1200.
23. Okay OS, Karaci{dotless}k B, Basak S, Henkelmann B, Bernhöft S, Schramm KW. 2009. PCBs and PCDD/F in sediments and mussels of the Istanbul strait (Turkey). Chemosphere. 76:159-166.
24. Papadopoulos A, Vassiliadou I, Costopoulou D, Papanicolaou C, Leondiadis L. 2004. Levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food samples on the Greek market. Chemosphere. 57:413-419.
25. Safe S. 1992. Development validation and limitations of toxic equivalency factors. Chemosphere. 25:61-64.
26. SCF. 2001. European Commission, Scientific Committee on Food. Opinion on the Risk Assessment of Dioxins and Dioxin-like PCBs in food; 22 November 2000. Brussels: SCF. Available from: http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sc/scf/out78_en.pdf
27. Smedes F, Thomasen TK. 1996. Evaluation of the bligh and dyer lipid determination method. Mar Pollut Bull. 32:681-688.
28. Taioli E, Marabelli R, Scortichini G, Migliorati G, Pedotti P, Cigliano A, Caporale V, on behalf of GLEV. 2005. Human exposure to dioxins through diet in Italy. Chemosphere. 61:1672-1676.
29. Tanabe S, Madhusree B, Öztürk AA, Tatsukawa R, Miyazaki N, Özdamar E, Aral O, Samsun O, Öztürk B. 1997a. Isomer-specific analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) from the Black Sea. Mar Pollut Bull. 34(9):712-720.
30. Tanabe S, Madhusree B, Öztürk AA, Tatsukawa R, Miyazaki N, Özdamar E, Aral O, Samsun O, Öztürk B. 1997b. Persistent organochlorine residues in harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) from the Black Sea. Mar Pollut Bull. 34:338-347.
31. Telli-Karakoç F, Tolun L, Henkelmann B, Klimm C, Okay O, Schramm KW. 2002. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) distributions in the Bay of Marmara Sea: Izmit Bay. Environ Pollut. 119:383-397.
32. Tolun L, Telli-Karakoc F, Henkelmann B, Schramm KW, Okay OS. 2007. PCB pollution of Izmit Bay (Marmara Sea) mussels after the earthquake. In: Mehmetli E, Koumanova B, editors. NATO science for peace and security series c: environmental security. The fate of persistent organic pollutants in the environment. Berlin: Springer. p. 127-139.
33. Traag WA, Kan CA, Zeilmaker MA, Hoogenboom LAP. 2003. Carry-over of dioxins and PCBs at low levels from feed to egg. Organohalogen Compd. 61:381-384.
34. Traag WA, Immerzeel J, Onstek C, Kraats C, Lee MK, Van der Weg G, Mol H, Hoogenboom LAP. 2008. Automation of chemical analysis of PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs, indicator PCBs and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in food and feed. Organohalogen Compd. 70:54-57.
35. Turkish Legislation. 2000. Legislation about raw and heat treated drinking milks. Paper No: 2000/6. Official Gazette 14.02.2000-23964 (in Turkish). Turkish Legislation. 2005. Legislation about butter. Paper No: 2005/19. Official Gazette 12.04.2005-25784 (in Turkish).
36. Turkish Legislation. 2006. Turkish Standard about white cheese. TS 591. March 2006. ICS 67.100.30. Turkish Standards Institute (in Turkish).
37. Turkish Legislation. 2008a. Legislation about the maximum residue levels of contaminats in foodstuffs. Turkish Food Codex. 17.05.2008-26879. Legislation no: 2008/26 (in Turkish).
38. Turkish Legislation. 2008b. Legislation about the undesirable substances in feedingstuffs. Feed Legislation 1734. 11.06.2008-26903. Legislation no: 2005/3 (in Turkish).
39. Turkish Legislation. 2009. Legislation about fermented dairy products. Paper no: 2009/25. Official Gazette 16.02.2009-27143 (in Turkish).
40. USEPA. 1994. Method 1613. Tetra-through octa-chlorinated dioxins and furans by isotope dilution HRGC/HRMS. Washington (DC): United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water (4303). 86 p.
41. USEPA. 1999. Method 1668. Revision A: Chlorinated biphenyl congeners in water, soil, sediment and tissue by HRGC/HRMS. EPA No. EPA-821-R-00-002. Washington (DC): United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water (4303). 127 p.
42. USEPA. 2000. Exposure and human health reassessment of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related compounds. Draft final. Washington (DC): National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency.
43. Van den Berg M, Birnbaum L, Bosveld ATC, Brünstrom B, Cook P, Feeley M, Giesy JP, Hanberg A, Hasegawa R, Kennedy SW, et al. 1998. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife. Environ Health Perspect. 106:775-792.
44. Voorspoels S, Covaci A, Neels H. 2008. Dietary PCB intake in Belgium. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 25:179-182.
45. WHO. 1999. PCDD/Fs and their effects on human health. Fact sheet No. 225. Geneva: World Health Organization.
46. WHO/FAO. 2005. Dietary Exposure Assessment of Chemicals in Food. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Consultation Annapolis, MA, USA, 2-6 May 2005. Rome: WHO/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 88 p.