Role of chloride, sulfate, and alkalinity on galvanic lead corrosion

Corrosion

Volumn 67, Issue 6, 2011, Pages

  Nguyen, C K ^a   Clark, B N ^a   Stone, K R ^a   Edwards, M A ^a  

^a State University   (United States)

Author keywords

Alkalinity; Chloride; Galvanic corrosion; Lead; pH; Solder; Sulfate

Indexed keywords

ANODE SURFACES; BUFFER PH; CHLORIDE; ELECTROCHEMICAL TEST; GALVANIC CELLS; GALVANIC CORROSION; HIGH CONCENTRATION; LEAD CORROSION; LEAD SOLDERS; LEAD WIRE; MASS RATIO; PH VALUE; SOLDER; SOLUBLE COMPLEXES; SULFATE; SULFATE TRANSPORT; TRANSPORT EQUATION;

ALKALINITY; CORROSION; LEAD; PH;

CHLORINE COMPOUNDS;

EID: 79960278067     PISSN: 00109312     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5006/1.3600449     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. R. J. Ollphant, "Summary Report on the Contamination of Potable Water by Lead from Soldered Joints" (Wiltshire, U. K.: Water Research Centre, November 1983).
2. R. Gregory, Water Environ. J. 4, 2(1990): p. 112.
3. American Water Works Association Research Foundation, "Internal Corrosion of Water Distribution Systems, Corporate Research Report" (Denver, CO: American Water Works Association, 1996).
4. S. Reiber, J. Am. Water Works Assn. 83, 7(1991): p. 83.
5. M. Edwards, S. Jacobs, D. Dodrill, J. Am. Water Works Assn. 91, 5(1999): p. 66.
6. M. Edwards, S. Triantafyllidou, J. Am. Water Works Assn. 99, 7(2007): p. 96.
7. A. Dudi, "Reconsidering Lead Corrosion In Drinking Water: Product Testing, Direct Chloramines Attack and Galvanic Corrosion" (Master's thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004).
8. C. K. Nguyen, K. R. Stone, M. A. Edwards, J. Am. Water Works Assn. 103, 1(2011): p. 81.
9. C. K. Nguyen, K. R. Stone, A. Dudi, M. A. Edwards, Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 18(2010): p. 7076.
10. M. K. DeSantls. M. M. Welch, M. R. Schock, "Mineralogical Evidence of Galvanic Corrosion in Domestic, Drinking Water Pipes", American Water Works Association Water Quality Technology Conf. (Denver, CO: American Water Works Association, 2009).
11. D. Lytle, M. Schock. "Stagnation Time. Composition, pH and Orthophosphate Effects on Metal Leaching from Brass", National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, EPA/600/R-96-103. 1996.
12. M. R. Schock, J. Am. Water Works Assn. 81, 7(1989): p. 88.
13. D. M. Dodrill, M. Edwards, J. Am Water Works Assn. 87, 7(1995): p. 74.
14. N. H. Lin, A. Torrents, A. P. Davis. M. Zelnali. F. A. Taylor. J. Environ. ScL Health.. Part A 32, 4(1997): p. 865.
15. B. P. Boffardi. A. M. Sherbondy, Corrosion 47, 12(1991): p. 966.
16. C. A. Chen, A. S. McAnally, S. Kumaraswamy, J. Environ. ScL Health., Part A 29, 8(1994): p. 1587.
17. A. Wilczak. D. R. Hokanson, R. Trussell, M. Boozarpour, A. F. Degraca, J. Am. Water Works Assn. 102, 3(2010): p. 52.
18. Y. S. Tarn, P. Elefsiniotis, J. Environ. ScL Health Part A Toxic/Hazard. Subst Environ. Eng. 44, 12(2009): p. 1251.
19. J. A. Pinto, A. S. McAnally, J. R. V. Flora, J. Environ. ScL Health, Part A 32, 1(1997): p. 31.
20. Y. J. Xie, Y. Wang, V. Singhal, D. E. Giammar, Environ. ScL TechnoL 44, 3(2010): p. 1093.
21. J. Bruno, W. Stumm, P. Wersln, F. Brandberg, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 3(1992): p. 1139.
22. M. R. Schock, M. C. Gardels, J. Am. Water Works Assn. 75, 2(1983): p. 87.
23. A. J. Bard, L. R. Faulkner, Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications (New York. NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1980), p. 64-68.
24. C. K. Nguyen, K. R. Stone, B. Clark, G. Gagnon, A. Knowles, M. A. Edwards. "Impact of Chloride: Sulfate Mass Ratio Changes on Lead Leaching in Potable Water" (Denver, CO: Water Research Foundation and U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010).
25. American Public Health Association (APHA), "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater" (Washington. DC: APHA, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation, 1998).
26. K. McCamley, N. A. Warner, M. M. Lamoureux, P. J. Scammells, R. D. Singer, Green Chem 6, 7(2004): p. 341.
27. K. Tagaml. S. Uchida. I. Hirai, H. Tsukada. H. Takeda, Anal Chim. Acta 570, 1(2006): p. 88-92.
28. H. L. Clever, F. J. Johnston, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 9, 3(1980): p. 751-784.
29. H. C. Helgeson, Am. J. Scl. 267, 7(1969): p. 729.
30. M. S. Little. G. H. Nancollas. Trans. Faraday Soc. 66(1970): p. 3103.
31. D. Sinadinovlc, Z. Kamberovic, A. Sutic, Hydrometallurgy 47, 1(1997): p. 137.
32. R. M. Garrels, F. T. Gucker, Chem Rev. 44. 1 (1949).
33. E. C. Righellato, C. W. Davles. Trans. Faraday Soc. 26 (1930).
34. W. D. Schecher, D. C. McAvoy, "MINEQL+: A Chemical Equilibrium Modeling System", ver. 4.0 for Windows (Hallowell, ME: Environmental Research Software, 1998).