Reliability of macroscopic grading of intervertebral disk degeneration in dogs by use of the Thompson system and comparison with low-field magnetic resonance imaging findings

American Journal of Veterinary Research

Volumn 72, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 899-904

  Bergknut, Niklas ^a   Grinwis, Guy ^a   Pickee, Emile ^a   Auriemma, Edoardo ^a   Lagerstedt, Anne Sofie ^b   Hagman, Ragnvi ^b   Hazewinkel, Herman A W ^a   Meij, Björn P ^a  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGE; ARTICLE; BREED; CADAVER; DOG; FEMALE; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DEGENERATION; MALE; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PFIRRMANN SYSTEM; PHOTOGRAPHY; RELIABILITY; SCORING SYSTEM; SPINE; THOMPSON SYSTEM;

AGE FACTORS; ANIMALS; CADAVER; DOG DISEASES; DOGS; FEMALE; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DEGENERATION; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; OBSERVER VARIATION; PEDIGREE; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SPINE;

CANIS FAMILIARIS;

EID: 79960187480     PISSN: 00029645     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.7.899     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Frymoyer JW, Cats-Baril WL. An overview of the incidences and costs of low back pain. Orthop Clin North Am 1991;22:263-271.
2. Maniadakis N, Gray A. The economic burden of back pain in the UK. Pain 2000;84:95-103.
3. Hoerlein BF. Intervertebral disc protrusions in the dog. I. Incidence and pathological lesions. Am J Vet Res 1953;14:260-269.
4. Gage ED. Incidence of clinical disc disease in the dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1975;135:135-138.
5. Freburger JK, Holmes GM, Agans RP, et al. The rising prevalence of chronic low back pain. Arch Intern Med 2009;169:251-258.
6. Fossum TW. Chapter 39, surgery of the thoracolumbar spine. Small animal surgery. 3rd ed. St Louis: Elsevier, 2007;1470.
7. Suwankong N, Voorhout G, Hazewinkel HA, et al. Agreement between computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and surgical findings in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006;229:1924-1929.
8. Hansen HJ. A pathologic-anatomical study on disc degeneration in dog, with special reference to the so-called enchondrosis intervertebralis. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 1952;11:1-117.
9. Jones JC, Inzana KD. Subclinical CT abnormalities in the lumbosacral spine of older large-breed dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2000;41:19-26.
10. da Costa RC, Parent JM, Partlow G, et al. Morphologic and morphometric magnetic resonance imaging features of Doberman Pinschers with and without clinical signs of cervical spondylomyelopathy. Am J Vet Res 2006;67:1601-1612.
11. Zimmerman MC, Vuono-Hawkins M, Parsons JR, et al. The mechanical properties of the canine lumbar disc and motion segment. Spine 1992;17:213-220.
12. Bray JP, Burbidge HM. The canine intervertebral disk: part one: structure and function. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1998;34:55-63.
13. Lotz JC. Animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration: lessons learned. Spine 2004;29:2742-2750.
14. Hansen HJ. A pathologic-anatomical interpretation of disc degeneration in dogs. Acta Orthop Scand 1951;20:280-293.
15. An HS, Masuda K. Relevance of in vitro and in vivo models for intervertebral disc degeneration. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006;88(suppl 2):88-94.
16. Singh K, Masuda K, An HS. Animal models for human disc degeneration. Spine J 2005;5:267S-279S.
17. Bray JP, Burbidge HM. The canine intervertebral disk. Part two: degenerative changes-nonchondrodystrophoid versus chondrodystrophoid disks. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1998;34:135-144.
18. Alini M, Eisenstein SM, Ito K, et al. Are animal models useful for studying human disc disorders/degeneration? Eur Spine J 2008;17:2-19.
19. Boos N, Weissbach S, Rohrbach H, et al. Classification of agerelated changes in lumbar intervertebral discs: 2002 Volvo Award in basic science. Spine 2002;27:2631-2644.
20. Lane NE, Nevitt MC, Genant HK, et al. Reliability of new indices of radiographic osteoarthritis of the hand and hip and lumbar disc degeneration. J Rheumatol 1993;20:1911-1918.
21. Thompson JP, Pearce RH, Schechter MT, et al. Preliminary evaluation of a scheme for grading the gross morphology of the human intervertebral disc. Spine 1990;15:411-415.
22. Pfirrmann CW, Metzdorf A, Zanetti M, et al. Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine 2001;26:1873-1878.
23. Griffith JF, Wang YX, Antonio GE, et al. Modified Pfirrmann grading system for lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine 2007;32:E708-E712.
24. Rajasekaran S, Venkatadass K, Naresh Babu J, et al. Pharmacological enhancement of disc diffusion and differentiation of healthy, ageing and degenerated discs: results from in-vivo serial post-contrast MRI studies in 365 human lumbar discs. Eur Spine J 2008;17:626-643.
25. Scuderi GJ, Brusovanik GV, Golish SR, et al. A critical evaluation of discography in patients with lumbar intervertebral disc disease. Spine J 2008;8:624-629.
26. Seiler G, Hani H, Scheidegger J, et al. Staging of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in nonchondrodystrophic dogs using low-field magnetic resonance imaging. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2003;44:179-184.
27. Sether LA, Nguyen C, Yu SN, et al. Canine intervertebral disks: correlation of anatomy and MR imaging. Radiology 1990;175:207-211.
28. Coates JR. Intervertebral disk disease. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2000;30:77-110.
29. Bergknut N, Auriemma E, Wijsman S, et al. Evaluation of intervertebral disk degeneration in chondrodystrophic and nonchondrodystrophic dogs by use of Pfirrmann grading of images obtained with low-field magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Vet Res 2011;72:899-904.
30. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 1977;33:159-174.
31. Landis JR, Koch GG. An application of hierarchical kappa-type statistics in the assessment of majority agreement among multiple observers. Biometrics 1977;33:363-374.
32. Koch GG, Landis JR, Freeman JL, et al. A general methodology for the analysis of experiments with repeated measurement of categorical data. Biometrics 1977;33:133-158.
33. Singh K, Masuda K, Thonar EJ, et al. Age-related changes in the extracellular matrix of nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus of human intervertebral disc. Spine 2009;34:10-16.
34. Patel KP, Sandy JD, Akeda K, et al. Aggrecanases and aggrecanasegenerated fragments in the human intervertebral disc at early and advanced stages of disc degeneration. Spine 2007;32:2596-2603
35. Rutges J, Kummer J, Oner F, et al. Increased MMP-2 activity during intervertebral disc degeneration is correlated to MMP-14 levels. J Pathol 2008;214:523-530.
36. Ghosh P, Taylor TK, Braund KG. Variation of the glycosaminoglycans of the intervertebral disc with ageing. II. Non-chondrodystrophoid breed. Gerontology 1977;23:99-109.
37. Ghosh P, Taylor TK, Braund KG. The variation of the glycosaminoglycans of the canine intervertebral disc with ageing. I. Chondrodystrophoid breed. Gerontology 1977;23:87-98.
38. Nguyen AM, Johannessen W, Yoder JH, et al. Noninvasive quantification of human nucleus pulposus pressure with use of T1rho-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008;90:796-802.
39. Gruber HE, Ingram J, Hanley EN Jr. An improved staining method for intervertebral disc tissue. Biotech Histochem 2002;77:81-83.
40. Adams MA, Roughley PJ. What is intervertebral disc degeneration, and what causes it? Spine 2006;31:2151-2161.
41. Wright JA. Spondylosis deformans of the lumbo-sacral joint in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 1980;21:45-58.
42. Levine GJ, Levine JM, Walker MA, et al. Evaluation of the association between spondylosis deformans and clinical signs of intervertebral disk disease in dogs: 172 cases (1999-2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006;228:96-100.
43. Cihangiroglu M, Yildirim H, Bozgeyik Z, et al. Observer variability based on the strength of MR scanners in the assessment of lumbar degenerative disc disease. Eur J Radiol 2004;51:202-208.
44. Nijeholt GJ, Bergers E, Kamphorst W, et al. Post-mortem highresolution MRI of the spinal cord in multiple sclerosis: a correlative study with conventional MRI, histopathology and clinical phenotype. Brain 2001;124:154-166.
45. Pearce RH, Thompson JP, Bebault GM, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging reflects the chemical changes of aging degeneration in the human intervertebral disk. J Rheumatol Suppl 1991;27:42-43.
46. Reicher MA, Gold RH, Halbach VV, et al. MR imaging of the lumbar spine: anatomic correlations and the effects of technical variations. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1986;147:891-898.
47. Seeger LL. Physical principles of magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1989;244:7-16.