What is a (global) polity?

Review of International Studies

Volumn 36, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2010, Pages 157-180

  Corry, Olaf ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79960180132     PISSN: 02602105     EISSN: 14699044     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0260210510000975     Document Type: Article

References (149)

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10. John Ruggie, Constructing a World Polity. Thus, Algeria was termed a 'broken polity'.
11. See, Hugh Roberts, The Battlefield Algeria 1988-2002. Studies in a Broken Polity (London: Verso, 2003).
12. Israel an 'overburdened polity'. See, Dan Horowitz and Moshe Lissak, Trouble in Utopia. The Overburdened Polity of Israel (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989);
13. pre-Maoist China a weak polity, see, Julia C Strauss, Strong Institutions in Weak Polities: State Building in Republican China, 1927-1940 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998);
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16. See, for example, Chris Ansell, 'The Networked Polity: Regional Development in Western Europe', Governance, 13 (2000), pp. 303-33;
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25. Hansen is an exception pointing out that Otherness can be articulated in relation to geographical as well as political representations. The examples she lists are however group identities such as "'nations', 'tribes', 'terrorists', 'women'" (Lene Hansen Security as Practice (Abingdon: Routledge, 2006) p. 7)
26. which again implies that identity is assumed to be forged in relation to other subjectivities rather than objects.
27. See, for example, Iver Neumann, Uses of the Other. 'The East' in European Identity Formation (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 1998).
28. See, for example, Alexander Wendt who includes both (pre-social) corporate and (relationally acquired) social identity.
29. See, Alexander Wendt, Social Theory of International Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 182.
30. Gary Marks, 'Structural policy and Multi-level governance in the EC', in A. Cafurny and G. Rosenthal (eds), The State of the European Community: The Maastricht Debate and Beyond (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1993), pp. 391-411.
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32. Rosenau, Along the Domestic-Foreign Frontier;
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37. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica this term was 'formerly applied to any object outside the solar system that had a diffuse appearance and could not be resolved telescopically into a point-like image'. (EB Online).
38. O'Brien et al., Contesting Global Governance.
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40. Rosenau, Along the Domestic-Foreign Frontier, p. 4.
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44. Nigel Thrift, 'The Place of Complexity', Theory, Culture and Society, 16 (1999), pp. 31-69;
45. John Urry Global Complexity (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2003);
46. Robert Axelrod & Michael D Cohen, Harnessing Complexity. Organizational Implications of a Scientific Frontier (New York: The Free Press, 1999).
47. Higgott and Ougaard, Towards a Global Polity.
48. Global polity writers are not alone in trying to move beyond the state system-model but their idea is explored here as the most theoretically conscious attempt to go beyond the post-international perspective.
49. Ougaard and Higgott Towards, p. 30.
50. See, for example,Yale H Ferguson. and Richard Mansbach, Polities. Authority, Identities and Change (Colombia: University of South Carolina University Press, 1996). p. 12;
51. Ronnie Lipschutz, After Authority (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000).
52. Martin Coward, 'International Relations in a Post-Globalisation Era', in Politics, 26 (2006), pp. 54-61.
53. Morphology refers to 'the shape of constituent parts and their arrangement into a whole', p. 56. Coward, 'Post-Globalisation Era'.
54. Shaw, Theory of a Global State, p. 81.
55. David Held, Anthony McGrew, David Goldblatt and Jonathan Perraton (eds), Global Transforma tions (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1999).
56. Paul Hirst, 'Book review of Martin Shaw, Theory of the Global State in International Affairs, 77 (2001), pp. 407-76.
57. Michael Shapiro, 'Michael Shapiro' Theory Talk #36, available at: {http://www.theory-talks.org/2010/02/theory-talk-36.html}.
58. See, for example, Claudio Cioffi-Revilla, and Todd Landman, 'Evolution of Maya Polities in the Ancient Mesoamerican System', International Studies Quarterly, 43 (1999), pp. 559-98. (Pubitemid 30074142)
59. See, for example, Morten Hajer, 'Policy without Polity', Policy Sciences, 36 (2003), pp. 175-95.
60. See, Gearoid O Touthail, Andrew Herod and Susan Roberts, 'Negotiating Unruly Problematics', in Andrew Herod, Gearoid O Touthail, Susan M Roberts. (eds), An Unruly World. Globalization, Governance and Geography (London: Routledge, 1998).
61. See, for example, David Held, Democracy and the Global Order: From the Modern State to Cosmopolitan Governance, or James Bohman, 'From Demos to Demoi: Democracy across Borders', Ratio Juris, 18 (1995), pp. 293-314.
62. See, for example, Christian Brütsch and Dirk Lehmkuhl (eds), Law and Legalization in Transnational Relations (London and New York: Routledge, 2007).
63. Ougaard and Higgott, Towards a Global Polity, pp. 9-10.
64. Ferguson and Mansbach, Polities;
65. John Gerrard Ruggie, Constructing a World Polity. Essays on International Institutionalization (London: Routledge 1998);
66. Hajer, Policy without Polities;
67. Seyom Brown, International Relations in a Changing Global System. Toward a Theory of the World Polity (Oxford: Westview Press, 1996).
68. Ougaard and Higgott, Towards a Global Polity, p. 12.
69. Ougaard, Political Globalisation, p. 4.
70. Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics (Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill, 1979), p. 116.
71. Waltz Theory, p. 116.
72. John G. Ruggie, Constructing the World Polity;
73. Heikko Patomäki, After International Relations: Critical Realism and the (Re)Construction of World Politics (London: Routledge, 2002);
74. Barry Buzan, Charles Jones and Richard Little, The Logic of Anarchy: Neoralism to Structural Realism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993).
75. Hall (2004) argues with some justification that the core-periphery model makes up another basic morphology or picture of political structure, but this is ultimately a version of hierarchy, based on the relative autonomy or dependence of one set of actors in relation to another only with other units than states.
76. See, Martin Hall, 'On the morphology of international systems', CFS Working paper, University of Lund (2004).
77. Ole Wæver, 'Waltz's Theory of Theory'. Paper presented at the conference 'The King of Thought: Theory, The Subject and Waltz', Aberystwyth (15-17 September 2008).
78. Waltz Theory, p. 8.
79. Kenneth Waltz, 'Neorealism: Confusions and Criticisms', in Journal of Politics & Society, XV (2004), pp. 2-6.
80. Ruggie, Constructing, pp. 23-4. See also Nicholas Onuf &
81. Frank F Klink, 'Anarchy, Authority, Rule', International Studies Quarterly, 33 (1989), pp. 149-73.
82. C. Crumley, 'Heterarchy and the analysis of complex societies', pp. 1-6
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84. Jurgen Neyer, 'Discourse and Order in the EU', Journal of Common Market Studies. 41 (2003), pp. 687-706, 689.
85. Ruggie, Constructing, p. 149.
86. Neyer, Discourse and Order, p. 689.
87. Manuel Castells, The Rise of the Network Society (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996);
88. Margaret E. Keck. & Kathryn Sikkink, Activists Beyond Borders (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998);
89. Anne-Marie Slaughter, A New World Order (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004);
90. Mette Eilstrup- Sangiovanni and Calvert Jones 'Assessing the Dangers of Illicit Networks. Why Al-Qaeda May be Less Threatening Than Many Think', International Security, 33 (2008), pp. 7-44;
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92. Walter Powell, 'Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization', Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12 (1990), pp. 295-96.
93. Higgott and Ougaard, Towards a Global Polity, p. 30.
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95. Castells, Network Society, p. 501.
96. Keck and Sikkink, Activists Beyond Borders, p. 8.
97. Sassen, Territory, Authority, Rights, p. 3.
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99. See, Mathias Albert, 'Globalization Theory. Yesterday's fad or more lively than ever?', in International Political Sociology (2007), p. 171.
100. Waltz, Theory (1979), p. 81;
101. Ferguson and Mansbach, Polities, p. 34;
102. Meyer, 'The World Polity'.
103. Rosenau, Along the Domesti-foreign Frontier, p. 171.
104. Ferguson & Mansbach, Polities, p. 34.
105. Claudio Cioffi-Revilla and Todd Landman, 'Evolution of Maya Polities in the Ancient Meso- american System', in International Studies Quarterly, 43 (1999), pp. 559-98. (Pubitemid 30074142)
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109. Aristotle like others at that time used 'democracy' to refer to rule by the poor in their exclusive interests. (Aristotle the Politics, IV).
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115. This is similar to the Copenhagen School securitisation theory that theorises securitised objects as socially constructed rather than objectively threatened or subjectively invented (see Buzan, Barry, Ole Wæver and Jaap de Wilde, Security: A New Framework for Analysis (London and Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1998).
116. Social identity theory emphasises that what distinguishes social beings from isolated information processing machines is variable identity: 'the fact that we can vary our perspective on reality from the singular to the collective and between different social positions at each level'.
117. See, Penelope Oakes, 'Psychological Groups and Political Psychology: A Response to Huddy's "Critical Exami nation of Social Identity Theory"', Political Psychology, 23 (2002), p. 814.
118. This is referred to as 'identity salience' in Social Identity Theory. See, Oakes, 'A Response', p. 815.
119. Martin Wight, Systems of States, ed. Hedley Bull (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1977), p. 135. This approximates James Rosenau's generic term for a hierarchy, namely 'Sphere of Authority'.
120. See, for example, Ferguson and Mansbach, Polities.
121. Buzan, From International to World Society?, p. 111.
122. Stephen D. Krasner, 'Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variable', International Organization, 36 (1982), pp. 185-205, at p. 185.
123. Waltz, Theory, p. 9.
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125. Roland Robertson, Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1992), p. 8.
126. Martin Shaw, 'Contesting Globalisation', pp. 159-73 in Martin Shaw (ed.), Politics and Globaliza tions (London: Routledge, 1999), p. 160.
127. John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldridge, A Future Perfect. The Challenge and Hidden Promise of Globalization (London: William Heinemann, 2000);
128. The Economist Globalisation, (London: Profile Books, 2001);
129. Tomas Larsson, The Race to the Top. The Real Story of Globalization (Washington: Cato Institute, 2001).
130. Jens Bartelson, 'Three Concepts of Globalization', International Sociology, 15 (2000), pp. 180-96, 191.
131. Jean-François Thibault, 'As if the World Were a Virtual Global Polity: The Political Philosophy of Global Governance' (2000). Available at: {http://www.theglobalsite.ac.uk/press/108thibault.htm}.
132. Anthony Giddens, 'A talk with Anthony Giddens: The Second Globalisation Debate' (2001). Available at: {http://www.edge.org/documents/archive/edge81. html} accessed on 2 December 2007.
133. Paul J. Cruzen, 'Geology of mankind', Nature, 415 (2002), p. 23.
134. Shaw, Theory of the Global State, p. 89.
135. Shaw, Theory of a Global State, p. 199.
136. Shaw, Theory of a Global Polity, p. 202.
137. Ougaard, Political Globalization, p. 5.
138. Hirst, book review.
139. Oliver Roy, Globalized Islam. The Search for a New Ummah (Columbia University Press, 2007).
140. Ougaard & Higgott, Towards a Global Polity, p. 3.
141. Shaw, Theory of a Global State, p. 12.
142. Seyom Brown, International Relations in a Changing Global System. Toward a Theory of the World Polity (Oxford: Westward View, 1996).
143. Shaw, Theory of a Global Polity 2000, p. 201.
144. Justin Rosenberg, 'Globalization. A Post-Morten', International Politics, 42 (2005) pp. 2-74.
145. Alexander Wendt, 'Why a World State is Inevitable', European Journal of International Relations, 9 (2003) pp. 491-542.
146. John Keane, Global Civil Society? (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
147. Richard Price, 'Transnational Civil Society and Advocacy in World Politics', in World politics, 55 (2003), pp. 579-606.
148. Mary Kaldor, Global Civil Society: An Answer to War? (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2003).
149. Brown, International Relations, p. 6.