Contemporary treatment of western and chinese medicine for cardiac syndrome X

Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 314-320

  Bi, Ying Fei ^a   Mao, Jing Yuan ^a   Wang, Xian Liang ^a   Wang, Heng He ^a   Ge, Yong Bin ^a   Zhang, Zhen Peng ^b  

^a TIANJIN UNIVERSITY OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE   (China)

^b INSTITUTE OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA   (China)

Author keywords

Angina pectoris; Cardiac syndrome X; Chinese medicine; Western medicine

Indexed keywords

AMINOPHYLLINE; ANALGESIC AGENT; ARGININE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CHAIHU SHUGAN; DILTIAZEM; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE; GUALOU XIEBAI BANXIA; GUIZHI JIAGUI; HEART PROTECTING MUSK PILL; HERBACEOUS AGENT; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; IMIPRAMINE; ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE; NITRATE; PLANT MEDICINAL PRODUCT; PRAVASTATIN; SHENGMAI; SHUANSHI; SHUXIN; SHUXUENING; SHUXUETONG; TAOHONG SIWU; TONGXINLUO; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; XINXUEAN; XUEFU ZHUYU; XUEZHIKANG;

CHINESE MEDICINE; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); COUNTERPULSATION; DRUG EFFICACY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MENTAL DISEASE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RELAXATION TRAINING; REVIEW; SPINAL CORD STIMULATION; SYNDROME X; TRANSCUTANEOUS NERVE STIMULATION;

HUMANS; INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE; MEDICINE, CHINESE TRADITIONAL; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; QUALITY OF LIFE;

EID: 79960120296     PISSN: 16720415     EISSN: 19930402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11655-011-0714-2     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Likoff W, Seagal BL, Kasparin H. Paradox of normal elective coronary arteriogram in patients considered to have unmistakable coronary hert disease. N Eng J Med 1967;276:1063-1066.
2. Kemp HG. Left ventricular function in patients with the anginal syndrome and normal coronary arteriograms. Am J Cardiol 1976;32:375-376.
3. Cannon RO, Epstein SE. "Microvascular angina" as a cause of chest pain with angiographically normal coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol 1988;61:1338-1343.
4. Kaski JC, ed. Chest pain with normal coronary angiograms: Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management. London, UK: Kluwer Academic Publishers;1999:1-12.
5. Shmilovich H, Deutsch V, Roth A, Miller H, Keren G, George J. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with cardiac syndrome X. Heart 2007;93:1071-1076. (Pubitemid 47310985)
6. Huang PH, Chen YH, Chen YL, Wu TC, Chen JW, Lin SJ. Vascular endothelial function and circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with cardiac syndrome X. Heart 2007;93:1064-1070.
7. Johnson BD, Shaw LJ, Pepine CJ, Reis SE, Kelsey SF, Sopko G, et al. Persistent chest pain predicts cardiovascular events in women without obstructive coronary artery disease: Results from the NIH-NHLBI-sponsored Women's Ischaemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study. Eur Heart J 2006;27:1408-1415.
8. Lanza GA, Manzoli A, Bia E, Crea F, Maseri A. Acute effects of nitrates on exercise testing in patients with syndrome X. Clinical and pathophysiological implications. Circulation 1994;90:2695-2700.
9. Radice M, Giudici V, Pusineri E, Breghi L, Nicoli T, Peci P, et al. Different effects of acute administration of aminophylline and nitroglycerin on exercise capacity in patients with syndrome X. Am J Cardiol 1996;78:88-92.
10. Kaski JC, Aldama G, Cosín-Sales J. Cardiac syndrome X: Diagnosis, pathogenesis and management. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2004;4:179-194. (Pubitemid 38780004)
11. Bao ZY, Mao JL. Diagnosis and therapy of cardiac syndrome X. Adv Cardiovasc Dis (Chin) 2006;27:296-298.
12. Lanza GA, Colonna G, Pasceri V, Maseri A. Atenolol versus amlodipine versus isosorbide-5-mononitrate on anginal symptoms in syndrome X. Am J Cardiol 1999;84:854-856. (Pubitemid 29469799)
13. Sen N, Tavil Y, Erdamar H, Yazici HU, Cakir E, Akgül EO, et al. Nebivolol therapy improves endothelial function and increases exercise tolerance in patients with cardiac syndrome X. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2009;9:371-379.
14. Erdamar H, Sen N, Tavil Y, Yazici HU, Turfan M, Poyraz F, et al. The effect of nebivolol treatment on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in patients with cardiac syndrome-X. Coron Artery Dis 2009;20:238-244.
15. Kayikcioglu M, Payzin S, Yavuzgil O, Kultursay H, Can LH, Soydan I. Benefits of statin treatment in cardiac syndrome-X. Eur Heart J 2003;24:1999-2005. (Pubitemid 37420446)
16. Fábián E, Varga A. Effect of simvastatin therapy on endothelial function of hypercholesteremic patients with syndrome X. Orv Hetil 2002;143:2067-2071.
17. Fábián E, Varga A, Picano E, Vajo Z, Rónaszé ki A, Csanády M. Effect of simvastatin on endothelial function in cardiac syndrome X patients. Am J Cardiol 2004;94:652-655. (Pubitemid 39165850)
18. Arroyo-Espliguero R, Kaski J. Microvascular dysfunction in cardiac syndrome X: The role of infl ammation. Can Med Assoc J 2006;174:1833.
19. Pizzi C, Manfrini O, Fontana F, Bugiardini R. Angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in cardiac syndrome X. Circulation 2004;109:53-58. (Pubitemid 38056021)
20. Maseri A. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, American College of Cardiology Foundation. Women's Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation: Current status and future research directions: Report of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute workshop: October 2-4, 2002: Perspective: New frontiers in detection of ischemic heart disease in women. Circulation 2004;109:e62-e63.
21. Rosano GM, Peters NS, Lefroy D, Lindsay DC, Sarrel PM, Collins P, et al. 17-beta-estradiol therapy lessens angina in postmenopausal women with syndrome X. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:1500-1505. (Pubitemid 26391856)
22. Assali AR, Jabara Z, Shafer Z, Solodky A, Herz I, Sclarovsky E, et al. Insulin resistance is increased by transdermal estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women with cardiac syndrome X. Cardiology 2001;95:31-34. (Pubitemid 32506958)
23. Yesildag O, Yazici M, Yilmaz O, Uçar R, Sagkan O. The effect of aminophylline infusion on the exercise capacity in patients with syndrome X. Acta Cardiol 1999;54:335-337. (Pubitemid 30028654)
24. Elliott PM, Krzyzowska-Dickinson K, Calvino R, Hann C, Kaski JC. Effect of oral aminophylline in patients with angina and normal coronary arteriograms (cardiac syndrome X). Heart 1997;77:523-526. (Pubitemid 27294690)
25. Deng HQ. Pathogenesis and treatment of cardiac syndrome X. South China J Cardiovasc Dis (Chin)2008;14:390-391.
26. Lanza GA. Cardiac syndrome X: A critical overview and future perspectives. Heart 2007;93:159-166. (Pubitemid 46187697)
27. Sgueglia GA, Sestito A. Spinal cord stimulation: A new form of pain modulatory treatment in cardiac syndrome X. Am J Med 2007;120:e17. (Pubitemid 47313332)
28. Sgueglia GA, Sestito A, Spinelli A, Cioni B, Infusino F, Papacci F, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with cardiac syndrome X treated by spinal cord stimulation. Heart 2007;93:591-597. (Pubitemid 46707112)
29. Sestito A, Lanza GA, Le Pera D, De Armas L, Sgueglia GA, Infusino F, et al. Spinal cord stimulation normalizes abnormal cortical pain processing in patients with cardiac syndrome X. Pain 2008;139:82-89.
30. Spinelli A, Lanza GA, Calcagni ML, Sestito A, Sgueglia GA, Monaco AD, et al. Effect of spinal cord stimulation on cardiac adrenergic nerve function in patients with cardiac syndrome X. J Nucl Cardiol 2008;15:804-810.
31. Kisely S, Campbell LA, Skerritt P. Psychological interventions for symptomatic management of non-specifi c chest pain with normal coronary anatomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;(1):CD004101.
32. Tyni-Lenne R, Stryjan S, Eriksson B, Berglund M, Sylven C. Beneficial therapeutic effects of physical training and relaxation therapy in women with coronary syndrome X. Physiother Res Int 2002;7:35-43.
33. Kronhaus KD, Lawson WE. Enhanced external counterpulsation is an effective treatment for syndrome X. Int J Cardiol 2009;135:256-257.
34. Zhang MZ, Li XM. Syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine on microvascular angina. J Pract Med (Chin) 2001;17:177.
35. Xu LJ, Wang WY. Effects of quickening the blood and transforming stasis method on blood endothelin-1 level and endothelium-dependent vasodilatated function in patients with syndrom X. Chin Tradit Patent Med (Chin) 2002;24:519-521.
36. Lin N. Treatment of 11 cases with syndrome X by the method of invigorating qi and warming yangqi. J Pract Tradit Chin Intern Med (Chin) 2007;21(7):68-69.
37. Zhang XY. Clinical experience of treatment for 48 patients with cardiac syndrome X by soothing liver and regulating qi. J Emerg Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2008;17:1608-1609.
38. Wu HL, Hu LN. Therapeutic observation on the method of regulating the spleen to protect the heart in treating myocardial microvascular lesion. Henan Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2009;29(1):45-46.
39. Mao JY, Zhang ZP, Wang HH, Wang Q, Wang HL, Zhang Y, et al. Clinical analysis of 12 patients with cardiac syndrome X. J Emerg Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2005;14:368-369.
40. Mao JY, Wang HH, Ge YB, Wang Q, Zhang QM, Chang YP, et al. Analysis on the characteristics of Chinese medicine syndrome in 51 patients with cardiac syndrome X. J Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2007;48:1111-1112.
41. Mao JY, Ge YB, Wang HH, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Yu DL, et al. Summary of 32 patients with cardiac syndrome X treated by TCM therapy of regulating qi relieving chest stuffi ness and promoting blood circulation. Chin J Integr Med (Chin) 2007;13:17-21. (Pubitemid 46548475)
42. Wang XL, Mao JY, Wang HH, Yu KL, Wang Q, Zhang Y, et al. Clinical study on qi-regulating, chest-relaxing and bloodactivating therapy for cardiac syndrome X. Shanghai J Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2009;43:33-35.
43. Zhu XH, Jia YP. Clinical observation of decoction for removing blood stasis in the treatment of 30 cases of X-syndrome. J Henan Coll Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2003;18(2):59.
44. Zhang XH, Song QF. Taohong Siwu Decoction for the treatment of 20 patients with syndrome X. J Emerg Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2002;11:137.
45. Zhao XD. Treatment of 38 patients with cardiac syndrome X by classic formulae. Henan Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2003;23:10.
46. Liu H, Hu YC. The effect of Tongxinluo on the vascular endothelial function in patients with syndrome X. J Diffcult Complic Cases (Chin) 2003;4:218.
47. Bi XP, Cai XJ, Wei F. Clinical effect observation of Tongxinluo Capsule in treating patients with cardiac syndrome X. Hebei Med J (Chin) 2005;27:587.
48. Feng ZB, Li CM, Cheng RN, Yuan B. The clinical study of cardiac syndrome x treated with Tongxinluo Capsule. J Bethune Milit Med Coll (Chin) 2005;3:25-26.
49. Li SY, Tang Q. Clinical effect observation of Tongxinluo Capsule combined with Western medicine treatment in 36 cases with cardiac syndrome X. Yunnan J Tradit Chin Med Mater Med (Chin) 2009;30(11):15-16.
50. Wang LW, Wang XB, Hu YS, Gao CR. Research on Xuefu Zhuyu Capsules for the treatment of cardiac syndrome X. Beijing J Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2003;22(3):65.
51. Li B, Mao L, Chen RY. Efficacy of Heart-protecting Musk Pill on patients with cardiac syndrome X. Chin J Integr Med Cardio-/Cereb Dis (Chin) 2009;7(1):88-89.
52. Niu TF, Li J, Qi HX, Geng Q, Sun XH. Xinxuean Granular infusion for the treatment of 30 cases with cardiac syndrome X. Chin J Integr Med Cardio-/Cereb Dis (Chin) 2008;6:1025-1026.
53. Li JJ, Wang Y, Nie SP, Li Q, Li YS, Huang Y, et al. Xuezhikang, an extract of cholestin, decreases plasma infl ammatory markers and endothelin-1, improve exerciseinduced ischemia and subjective feelings in patients with cardiac syndrome X. Int J Cardiol (Chin) 2007;122:82-84. (Pubitemid 47503351)
54. Zhang YL, Liu BX. The clinical study on 40 patients with CSX by the integrative treatment of Western and traditional Chinese medicine. Jiangsu J Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2010;42(8):31-32.
55. Ji YM, Ren BJ. The clinical study on the efficacy of Shuxuetong Injection for CSX. Chin J Integr Med Cardio-/ Cereb Dis (Chin) 2009;7:1147-1148.
56. Wu LH, Sun JL, Wang CY. The clinical study on Shuxuetong Injection for CSX. Chin J Integr Med Cardio-/ Cerebr Dis (Chin) 2010;8:652-653.
57. Larsen W, Mandleco B. Chest pain with angiographic clear coronary arteries: A provider's approach to cardiac syndrome X. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 2009;21:371-376.
58. Johnson BD, Shaw LJ, Buchthal SD, Bairey Merz CN, Kim HW, Scott KN, et al. Prognosis in women with myocardial ischemia in the absence of obstructive coronary disease: Results from the National Institutes of Health-National. Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). Circulation 2004;109:2993-2999. (Pubitemid 38808322)
59. Halcox JP, Schenke WH, Zalos G, Mincemoyer R, Prasad A, Waclawiw MA, et al. Prognostic value of coronary vascular endothelial dysfunction. Circulation 2002;106:653-658. (Pubitemid 34851922)
60. Wu, YL. The related research and treatment of collaterals disease and vascular disease. J Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2006;47:163-165.