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1
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79955601866
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United States Life Tables, 2006
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28 June
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E. Arias, United States Life Tables, 2006. National Vital Statistics Report Volume 58 (28 June 2010). http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr58/ nvsr58-21.pdf.
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Arias, E.1
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2
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79959784702
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Data available at
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Data available at www.fda.gov/downloads/AboutFDA/Transparency/Basics/ UCM247465.pdf.
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5
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79959800610
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note
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Aranesp (darbepoetin alpha, Amgen), Neulasta (pegfilgrastim, Amgen), Zocor (simvastatin, Merck & Co), Eloxatin (oxaliplatin, Sanofi), PegIntron (peginterferon alpha- 2b, Merck & Co), Humalog (recombinant insulin lispro, Eli Lilly), Augmentin (amoxicillin + clavulanate potassium, GlaxoSmithKline).
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6
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79959802839
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How to avert biopharma's R&D crisis
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1 March
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B. Munos, How to avert biopharma's R&D crisis. In Vivo (1 March 2011). http://sis.windhover.com/buy/abstract.php?id=2011800050&utm-source= rss.
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(2011)
In Vivo
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Munos, B.1
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8
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60449110894
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Managing technological transitions through R&D alliances
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M. Riccaboni, R. Moliterni, Managing technological transitions through R&D alliances. R & D Manag. 39, 124-135 (2009).
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Riccaboni, M.1
Moliterni, R.2
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9
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79959780865
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This figure breaks down into about $95 billion for the top 20 pharmas (annual reports, JP Morgan), $35 billion for small pharma and biotech companies (Burrill & Company), and $31 billion for NIH
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This figure breaks down into about $95 billion for the top 20 pharmas (annual reports, JP Morgan), $35 billion for small pharma and biotech companies (Burrill & Company), and $31 billion for NIH (www.nih.gov/about/budget.htm).
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10
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79959796805
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Changing pharma's innovation DNA
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13 August
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N. Behnke, N. Hueltenschmidt, Changing pharma's innovation DNA. Bain & Company (13 August 2010). http://www.bain.com/bainweb/Publications/ article-detail.asp?id=27923&menu-url=articles.asp&origin= bainweb-homepage&origin=bainweb-homepage.
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(2010)
Bain & Company
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Behnke, N.1
Hueltenschmidt, N.2
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11
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79551575056
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Trial watch: Phase III and submission failures: 2007-2010
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J. Arrowsmith, Trial watch: Phase III and submission failures: 2007-2010. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 10, 87 (2011).
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Arrowsmith, J.1
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12
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79959804475
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Why products fail in phase III
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quoted in M. Gordian, N. Singh, R. Zemmel, T. Elias, 1 April Eichler is the Senior Medical Officer at the European Medicines Agency
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H. G. Eichler, quoted in M. Gordian, N. Singh, R. Zemmel, T. Elias, Why products fail in phase III. In Vivo (1 April 2006). http://sis.windhover.com/ buy/abstract.php?id=2006800066. Eichler is the Senior Medical Officer at the European Medicines Agency.
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(2006)
In Vivo
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Eichler, H.G.1
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13
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79959777041
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Data from show big pharma routinely sponsors dozens of phase III trials (as many as 60 in some cases) to support its best-selling drugs
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Data from www.clinicaltrials.gov show big pharma routinely sponsors dozens of phase III trials (as many as 60 in some cases) to support its best-selling drugs.
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14
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79959787984
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UK pharma czar sees new "innovation ecosystem" R&D model emerge
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2 June
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J. Carroll, UK pharma czar sees new "innovation ecosystem" R&D model emerge. FierceBiotech (2 June 2011). http://www.fiercebiotech.com/ story/uk-pharma-czar-seesnew-innovation-ecosystem-rd-model-emerge/2011-06-02? utm-medium=nl&utm-source=internal.
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Carroll, J.1
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15
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12144268237
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Macro trends in pharmaceutical innovation
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F. J. Cohen, Macro trends in pharmaceutical innovation. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 4, 78-84 (2005).
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Cohen, F.J.1
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17
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79959781587
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Eli Lilly PD2, https://pd2.lilly.com/pd2Web.
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Eli Lilly PD2
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79953240661
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The precompetitive space: Time to move the yardsticks
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T. Norman, A. Edwards, C. Bountra, S. Friend, The precompetitive space: Time to move the yardsticks. Sci. Transl. Med. 3, 76cm10 (2011).
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Leveraging crowdsourcing to facilitate the discovery of new medicines
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T. C. Norman, C. Bountra, A. M. Edwards, K. R. Yamamoto, S. H. Friend, Leveraging crowdsourcing to facilitate the discovery of new medicines. Sci. Transl. Med. 3, 88mr1 (2011).
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Norman, T.C.1
Bountra, C.2
Edwards, A.M.3
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20
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Open access consortium
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Strauss, S.N.1
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21
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73449101512
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Lessons from 60 years of pharmaceutical innovation
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B. Munos, Lessons from 60 years of pharmaceutical innovation. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 8, 959-968 (2009).
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Munos, B.1
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22
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79959787750
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note
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This is because the highly skewed distribution of drug sales grossly violates the normality assumption that underpins the model and invalidates it. Under such conditions, the law of large numbers - in which the model is grounded - breaks down. Some degree of risk mitigation can be achieved by portfolio management but far too little to be an effective tool. For a mathematical treatment of blockbuster economics, see (27).
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23
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0001093103
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Technology policy for a world of skew-distributed outcomes
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F. M. Scherer, D. Harhoff, Technology policy for a world of skew-distributed outcomes. Res. Policy 29, 559-566 (2000).
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79959806727
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Research and Develop
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22 November
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A. Witty, Research and Develop, The Economist (22 November 2010). http://www.economist.com/node/17493432.
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The Economist
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Witty, A.1
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25
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79959773181
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Eli Lilly funds aim to share research costs
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13 February
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A. Jack, Eli Lilly funds aim to share research costs. Financial Times (13 February 2011). http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4a7f55aa-379f-11e0-b91a-00144feabdc0. html#axzz1PvdMQZIA.
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(2011)
Financial Times
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Jack, A.1
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26
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77953638156
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A call for sharing: Adapting pharmaceutical research to new realities
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B. H. Munos, W. W. Chin, A call for sharing: Adapting pharmaceutical research to new realities. Sci. Transl. Med. 1, 9cm8 (2009).
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Munos, B.H.1
Chin, W.W.2
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28
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79959772345
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note
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Competing interests: The authors are recent former employees of Eli Lilly
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