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Volumn 27, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 45-54

Murphy on mercy: A prudential reconsideration

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EID: 79959744520     PISSN: 0731129X     EISSN: 19375948     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0731129X.2008.9992242     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (9)

References (67)
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    • (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
    • Jeffrie G. Murphy and Jean Hampton, Forgiveness and Mercy (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988). 8 Id., 162-186.
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    • 0043085055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repentance, punishment, and mercy
    • ed. Amitai Etzioni and David E. Carney (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield
    • Jeffrie G. Murphy, Repentance, Punishment, and Mercy, in Repentance: A Comparative Perspective, ed. Amitai Etzioni and David E. Carney (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1997)
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    • Quoted In Murphy
    • available online at
    • Proslogium IX, available online at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/anselm-proslogium.html, quoted in Murphy, Forgiveness and Mercy, 168.
    • Forgiveness and Mercy , pp. 168
    • Proslogium, I.X.1
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    • Murphy purports to reconsider this claim when faced with a hypothetical polity that unanimously wishes to forgo punishment (177-179)
    • However, this narrow exception-a unanimous vote of all members of a community authorizing a judge or other public official to forgo punishment-is so unlikely ever to occur, and so unlikely to be recognized as what we commonly mean by, (rather than outright exoneration), that it does not meaningfully qualify Murphy's rejection of mercy as a public virtue
    • Murphy purports to reconsider this claim when faced with a hypothetical polity that unanimously wishes to forgo punishment (177-179). However, this narrow exception-a unanimous vote of all members of a community authorizing a judge or other public official to forgo punishment-is so unlikely ever to occur, and so unlikely to be recognized as what we commonly mean by mercy, (rather than outright exoneration), that it does not meaningfully qualify Murphy's rejection of mercy as a public virtue.
    • Mercy
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    • Murphy purports to reconsider this claim when faced with a hypothetical polity that unanimously wishes to forgo punishment (177-179)
    • However, this narrow exception-a unanimous vote of all members of a community authorizing a judge or other public official to forgo punishment-is so unlikely ever to occur, and so unlikely to be recognized as what we commonly mean by, (rather than outright exoneration), that it does not meaningfully qualify Murphy's rejection of mercy as a public virtue
    • Id., 183 n20.
    • Mercy , vol.20 , pp. 183
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    • Repentance, punishment, and mercy
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    • Equity and mercy
    • See, e.g.,(discussing the Greek term epiekeia, which is translated as both equity and mercy)
    • See, e.g., Martha C. Nussbaum, Equity and Mercy, Philosophy and Public Affairs 22 (1993): 85-86 (discussing the Greek term epiekeia, which is translated as both equity and mercy)
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    • (drawing on the Anglo-American tradition of equity)
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    • Ann, C.1    Johnson, H.2
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    • See, e.g., H. Scott Hestevold, Disjunctive Desert, American Philosophical Quarterly 20 (1983): 357, 360-362.
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    • Some naive thoughts about justice and mercy
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    • This is the position that Murphy's co-author, takes
    • This is the position that Murphy's co-author, Jean Hampton, takes.
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    • Justice, mercy, and forgiveness
    • See also, (Summer/Fall, (agreeing that we should resist the temptation to suppose that life cannot confront us (cannot be allowed to confront us) with such irresoluble conflicts between incommensurable values)
    • See also R. A. Duff, Justice, Mercy, and Forgiveness, Criminal Justice Ethics 9 (Summer/Fall 1990): 51-63 (agreeing that we should resist the temptation to suppose that life cannot confront us (cannot be allowed to confront us) with such irresoluble conflicts between incommensurable values).
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    • Tempering or tampering? mercy and the administration of criminal justice
    • For a sketch of some of the issues these responses raise, see, ed. Austin Sarat and Nasser Hussain (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
    • For a sketch of some of the issues these responses raise, see Carol S. Steiker, Tempering or Tampering? Mercy and the Administration of Criminal Justice, in Forgiveness, Mercy, and Clemency, ed. Austin Sarat and Nasser Hussain (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2007), 16-35.
    • (2007) Forgiveness, Mercy, and Clemency , pp. 16-35
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    • Figures are from the United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Corrections Statistics, available at
    • Figures are from the United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Corrections Statistics, available at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/correct.htm.
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    • U.S. prison population projected to soar by 200,000 in five Years
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    • Associated Press, U.S. Prison Population Projected to Soar by 200,000 in Five Years, International Herald Tribune, February 14, 2007.
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    • See, (reviewing Martha C. Nussbaum, Hiding From Humanity: Disgust, Shame and the Law) (The trick, of course, is figuring out how to keep the retributive emotions from degenerating into vengefulness.)
    • See James Q. Whitman, Making Happy Punishers, Harvard Law Review 118 (2005): 2698 (reviewing Martha C. Nussbaum, Hiding From Humanity: Disgust, Shame and the Law) (The trick, of course, is figuring out how to keep the retributive emotions from degenerating into vengefulness.)
    • (2005) Harvard Law Review , vol.118 , pp. 2698
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    • (Marshall, J., concurring) (arguing that the Eighth Amendment itself was adopted to prevent punishment from becoming synonymous with vengeance)
    • Furman V. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238-343 (Marshall, J., concurring) (arguing that the Eighth Amendment itself was adopted to prevent punishment from becoming synonymous with vengeance).
    • , vol.408 , pp. 238-343
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    • The urge to punish cheats: It isn't merely vengeance
    • See, January 22, (reporting a study that found that people under experimental conditions will punish a cheater even when it is costly to them and offers no material benefit)
    • See Natalie Angier, The Urge to Punish Cheats: It Isn't Merely Vengeance, New York Times, January 22, 2002 (reporting a study that found that people under experimental conditions will punish a cheater even when it is costly to them and offers no material benefit)
    • (2002) New York Times
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    • See, e.g., David B. Wexler and Bruce J. Winick, Therapeutic Jurisprudence and the Criminal Courts, William & Mary Law Review 35 (1996): 279.
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    • The voice of the community: A case for grand jury independence
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    • For some suggestive examples, see Susan V. Brenner, The Voice of the Community: A Case for Grand Jury Independence, Virginia Journal of Social Policy and Law 3 (1995): 67.
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    • Note
    • Compare the different guidance on charging policy given to federal prosecutors by Attorney General Richard Thornburgh under the first President Bush and Attorney General Janet Reno under President Bill Clinton: the Thornburgh Memorandum instructed prosecutors to charge the most serious offense that is consistent with the nature of the defendant's conduct, whereas the Reno Bluesheet instructed prosecutors to make an individualized assessment of the extent to which particular charges fit the circumstances of the case, are consistent with the purpose of the federal criminal code, and maximize the impact of federal resources on crime.
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    • See, e.g., United States, 2d Cir., (explaining why the Court of Appeals issued a writ of mandamus prohibiting District Court Judge Gerard Lynch from instructing the trial jury on the mandatory minimum 10-year sentence that would be imposed on the 18-year-old defendant if convicted of advertising the distribution of child pornography)
    • See, e.g., United States V. Pabon-Cruz, 391 F.3d 86 (2d Cir. 2004) (explaining why the Court of Appeals issued a writ of mandamus prohibiting District Court Judge Gerard Lynch from instructing the trial jury on the mandatory minimum 10-year sentence that would be imposed on the 18-year-old defendant if convicted of advertising the distribution of child pornography)
    • (2004) , vol.3 , Issue.86 , pp. 391
    • Pabon-Cruz, V.1
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    • United States, (explaining at great length why District Court Judge Jack Weinstein overturned a jury conviction for receiving child pornography on the ground that he, the judge, had failed to inform the jury of the 5-year mandatory minimum sentence; distinguishing Pabon-Cruz)
    • United States V. Polizzi, 549 F. Supp. 2d 308 (E.D.N.Y. 2008) (explaining at great length why District Court Judge Jack Weinstein overturned a jury conviction for receiving child pornography on the ground that he, the judge, had failed to inform the jury of the 5-year mandatory minimum sentence; distinguishing Pabon-Cruz).
    • (2008) , vol.2 , Issue.308 , pp. 549
    • Polizzi, V.1
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    • The discussion of the supreme court's recent decisions
    • See
    • See the discussion of the Supreme Court's recent decisions in the Kimbrough and Gall cases, infra.
    • The Kimbrough and Gall Cases, Infra
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    • State sentencing guidelines: Diversity, consensus, and unresolved policy issues
    • See generally, (describing how limiting prison growth has become a formal goal of most states' sentencing guidelines systems)
    • See generally, Richard S. Frase, State Sentencing Guidelines: Diversity, Consensus, and Unresolved Policy Issues, Columbia Law Review 105 (2005): 1190-1205 (describing how limiting prison growth has become a formal goal of most states' sentencing guidelines systems).
    • (2005) Columbia Law Review , vol.105 , pp. 1190-1205
    • Frase, R.S.1
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    • 33750483456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to grant clemency in unforgiving times
    • For some suggestive examples, see
    • For some suggestive examples, see Daniel T. Kobil, How to Grant Clemency in Unforgiving Times, Capital University Law Review 31 (2003): 219
    • (2003) Capital University Law Review , vol.31 , pp. 219
    • Kobil, D.T.1
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    • Of pardons, politics and collar buttons: Reflections on the president's duty to be merciful
    • Margaret Colgate Love
    • Margaret Colgate Love, Of Pardons, Politics and Collar Buttons: Reflections on the President's Duty to be Merciful, Fordham Urban Law Journal 27 (2000): 1483.
    • (2000) Fordham Urban Law Journal , vol.27 , pp. 1483
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    • 128 S. Ct. 586
    • 128 S. Ct. 586 (2007).
    • (2007)
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    • 128 S. Ct. 558
    • 128 S. Ct. 558 (2007).
    • (2007)
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    • 128 S. Ct. 558
    • Id., 565.
    • (2007) , pp. 565
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    • Unequal justice
    • See, (citing national statistics)
    • See William J. Stuntz, Unequal Justice, Harvard Law Review 121 (2008): 1969, 1970-1971 (citing national statistics).
    • (2008) Harvard Law Review , vol.121 , pp. 1970-1971
    • Stuntz, W.J.1
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    • Repentance, punishment, and mercy
    • Murphy, Repentance, Punishment, and Mercy, in Getting Even, 45.
    • Getting Even , pp. 45
    • Murphy1
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    • Repentance, punishment, and mercy
    • Murphy, Repentance, Punishment, and Mercy, in Getting Even, 54.
    • Getting Even , pp. 54
    • Murphy1


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