Antiprotozoal compounds: State of the art and new developments

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

Volumn 38, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 118-124

  Astelbauer, F ^a   Walochnik, J ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

Author keywords

Amoebiasis; Chagas disease; Chemotherapy; Leishmaniasis; Malaria; Sleeping sickness

Indexed keywords

AMODIAQUINE; AMPHOTERICIN B DEOXYCHOLATE; AMPHOTERICIN B LIPID COMPLEX; ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENT; ARTEMETHER PLUS BENFLUMETOL; ARTESUNATE; ATOVAQUONE PLUS PROGUANIL; AZITHROMYCIN; AZITHROMYCIN PLUS CHLOROQUINE; BENZNIDAZOLE; CHLORPHENOTANE; CLINDAMYCIN; DILOXANIDE FUROATE; DOXYCYCLINE; EURARTESIM; MALARIA VACCINE; MEFLOQUINE; MEGLUMINE ANTIMONATE; METRONIDAZOLE; MILTEFOSINE; NIFURTIMOX; PENTAMIDINE; PENTAMIDINE ISETHIONATE; PYRIMETHAMINE; PYRIMETHAMINE PLUS SULFADOXINE; QUININE; STIBOGLUCONATE SODIUM; SULFADOXINE; SURAMIN; TAFENOQUINE; TETRACYCLINE; TINIDAZOLE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ABDOMINAL CRAMP; ABDOMINAL PAIN; AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS; AGRANULOCYTOSIS; AMEBIASIS; ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK; ANAPHYLAXIS; ANEMIA; ANOREXIA; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIMALARIAL DRUG RESISTANCE; ARTHRALGIA; BED NET; BONE MARROW DEPRESSION; CARDIOGENIC SHOCK; CHAGAS DISEASE; CHILL; COLIC; DERMATITIS; DIARRHEA; DIZZINESS; DRUG ERUPTION; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG INDUSTRY; DRUG RESEARCH; DYSPNEA; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; FATIGUE; FEVER; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; FLATULENCE; GIARDIA DUODENALIS; GIARDIASIS; HEADACHE; HEART DISEASE; HUMAN; HYPOTENSION; LEISHMANIA; LEISHMANIASIS; LEUKOPENIA; LYMPHADENOPATHY; MALAISE; MALARIA; MALARIA CONTROL; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; MOTION SICKNESS; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; MYALGIA; NAUSEA; NEURITIS; PANCREATITIS; PARESTHESIA; PHLEBITIS; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; PLASMODIUM OVALE; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; POLYNEUROPATHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRURITUS; PSYCHOSIS; RASH; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; SKIN LEISHMANIASIS; SOMNOLENCE; STOMACH DISEASE; SYNCOPE; TACHYCARDIA; TACHYPNEA; TASTE DISORDER; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA; TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; TRICHOMONIASIS; TROPICS; TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI; TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI; URINARY TRACT DISEASE; URTICARIA; VECTOR CONTROL; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; VOMITING; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 79959738612     PISSN: 09248579     EISSN: 18727913     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.03.004     Document Type: Short Survey

References (83)

1. World Health Organization World malaria report 2009 2009 WHO Geneva, Switzerland
2. J.W. Mak, P.K. Lim, M.A. Tan, P.L. Lam, A. Noor Rain, and G.D. Selvadurai Parasitological and serological surveys for malaria among the inhabitants of an aborigine village and an adjacent Malay village Acta Trop 44 1987 83 89 (Pubitemid 17042232)
3. B. Singh, L. Kim Sung, A. Matusop, A. Radhakrishnan, S.S. Shamsul, and J. Cox-Singh A large focus of naturally acquired Plasmodium knowlesi infections in human beings Lancet 363 2004 1017 1024 (Pubitemid 38410774)
4. D.A. Warrel, and H.M. Gilles Essential malariology 4 ed. 2002 Edward Arnold London, UK
5. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention The history of malaria, an ancient disease 2004 CDC Atlanta, GA http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/history/index. htm [accessed 23 March 2011]
6. B.M. Greenwood, K. Bojang, C.J. Whitty, and G.A. Targett Malaria Lancet 365 2005 1487 1498 (Pubitemid 40591695)
7. D.L. Gardiner, J.S. McCarthy, and K.R. Trenholme Malaria in the post-genomics era: light at the end of the tunnel or just another train? Postgrad Med J 81 2005 505 509 (Pubitemid 41160593)
8. P. Trouiller, and P.L. Olliaro Drug development output from 1975 to 1996: what proportion for tropical diseases? Int J Infect Dis 3 1998 61 63 (Pubitemid 29219818)
9. G.A. Gale, K. Kirtikara, P. Pittayakhajonwut, S. Sivichai, Y. Thebtaranonth, and C. Thongpanchang In search of cyclooxygenase inhibitors, anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis and anti-malarial drugs from Thai flora and microbes Pharmacol Ther 115 2007 307 351 (Pubitemid 47381334)
10. H. Noedl, Y. Se, K. Schaecher, B.L. Smith, D. Socheat, and M.M. Fukuda Evidence of artemisinin-resistant malaria in western Cambodia N Engl J Med 359 2008 2619 2620
11. H. Noedl, D. Socheat, and W. Satimai Artemisinin-resistant malaria in Asia N Engl J Med 361 2009 540 541
12. A.M. Dondorp, F. Nosten, P. Yi, D. Das, A.P. Phyo, and J. Tarning Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria N Engl J Med 361 2009 455 467
13. J.G. Breman Eradicating malaria Sci Prog 92 2009 1 38
14. S. Adams, H. Brown, and G. Turner Breaking down the blood-brain barrier: signaling a path to cerebral malaria? Trends Parasitol 18 2002 360 366
15. World Health Organization Guidelines for the treatment of malaria 2010 WHO Geneva, Switzerland
16. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines for treatment of malaria in the United States 2009 CDC Atlanta, GA
17. Pfizer pipeline as of September 27, 2010. Groton, CT: Pfizer Inc., CT; 2010. http://media.pfizer.com/files/research/pipeline/2010-0927/pipeline-2010- 0927.pdf [accessed 23 March 2011].
18. R.M. Chico, R. Pittrof, B. Greenwood, and D. Chandramohan Azithromycin-chloroquine and the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy Malar J 7 2008 255
19. Pfizer and Medicines for Malaria Venture seek to expand fight against malaria with intermittent preventive treatment option for pregnant women. Geneva, Switzerland: Medicines for Malaria Venture; 2010. http://www.mmv.org/ sites/default/files/uploads/docs/press-releases/Pfizer-and-MMV.pdf [accessed 23 March 2011].
20. T. Harinasuta, P. Suntharasamai, and C. Viravan Chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in Thailand Lancet 2 1965 657 660
21. World Health Organization Malaria in the Greater Mekong subregion: regional and country profiles 2008 Ministry of Public Health, Department of Disease Control Bangkok, Thailand
22. C. Wongsrichanalai, and S.R. Meshnick Declining artesunate-mefloquine efficacy against falciparum malaria on the Cambodia-Thailand border Emerg Infect Dis 14 2008 716 719 (Pubitemid 351838633)
23. R.G. Ridley, and Medical need scientific opportunity and the drive for antimalarial drugs Nature 415 2002 686 693 (Pubitemid 34136402)
24. N.J. White, and J.G. Brenan Malaria A.S. Fauci, E. Braunwald, D.L. Kasper, S.L. Hauser, D.L. Longo, J.L. Jameson, Harrison's principles of internal medicine 17 ed. 2008 McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division New York, NY 1280 1293
25. P.A. Phillips-Howard, and D. Wood The safety of antimalarial drugs in pregnancy Drug Saf 14 1996 131 145 (Pubitemid 26086050)
26. P.A. Phillips-Howard, R. Steffen, L. Kerr, B. Vanhauwere, J. Schildknecht, and E. Fuchs Safety of mefloquine and other antimalarial agents in the first trimester of pregnancy J Travel Med 5 1998 121 126 (Pubitemid 28447572)
27. B. Pradines, M.M. Mamfoumbi, A. Tall, C. Sokhna, J.L. Koeck, and T. Fusai In vitro activity of tafenoquine against the asexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Gabon, Senegal, and Djibouti Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50 2006 3225 3226 (Pubitemid 44396447)
28. P.E. Nasveld, M.D. Edstein, M. Reid, L. Brennan, I.E. Harris, and S.J. Kitchener Randomized, double-blind study of the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of tafenoquine versus mefloquine for malaria prophylaxis in nonimmune subjects Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54 2010 792 798
29. M. Rottmann, C. McNamara, B.K. Yeung, M.C. Lee, B. Zou, and B. Russell Spiroindolones, a potent compound class for the treatment of malaria Science 329 2010 1175 1180
30. B.K. Yeung, B. Zou, M. Rottmann, S.B. Lakshminarayana, S.H. Ang, and S.Y. Leong Spirotetrahydro β-carbolines (spiroindolones): a new class of potent and orally efficacious compounds for the treatment of malaria J Med Chem 53 2010 5155 5164
31. Medicines for Malaria Venture Research and development portfolio 2010 MMV Geneva, Switzerland http://www.mmv.org/research-development/project-portfolio/ phase-i [accessed 23 March 2011]
32. W.A. Krotoski, W.E. Collins, R.S. Bray, P.C. Garnham, F.B. Cogswell, and R.W. Gwadz Demonstration of hypnozoites in sporozoite-transmitted Plasmodium vivax infection Am J Trop Med Hyg 31 1982 1291 1293 (Pubitemid 13203888)
33. J.F. Meis, J.P. Verhave, P.H. Jap, R.E. Sinden, and J.H. Meuwissen Malaria parasites - discovery of the early liver form Nature 302 1983 424 426 (Pubitemid 13164327)
34. W.A. Krotoski, P.C. Garnham, R.S. Bray, D.M. Krotoski, R. Killick-Kendrick, and C.C. Draper Observations on early and late post-sporozoite tissue stages in primate malaria I. Discovery of a new latent form of Plasmodium cynomolgi (the hypnozoite), and failure to detect hepatic forms within the first 24 hours after infection Am J Trop Med Hyg 31 1982 24 35 (Pubitemid 12179895)
35. R.D. Cooper, and K.H. Rieckmann Efficacy of amodiaquine against a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium vivax Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84 1990 473
36. S. Pukrittayakamee, A. Chantra, J.A. Simpson, S. Vanijanonta, R. Clemens, and S. Looareesuwan Therapeutic responses to different antimalarial drugs in vivax malaria Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44 2000 1680 1685 (Pubitemid 30340814)
37. W.R. Taylor, H. Widjaja, T.L. Richie, H. Basri, C. Ohrt, and Tjitra Chloroquine/doxycycline combination versus chloroquine alone, and doxycycline alone for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria in northeastern Irian Jaya, Indonesia Am J Trop Med Hyg 64 2001 223 228
38. World Health Organization The use of antimalarial drugs. Report of an informal consultation 2001 WHO Geneva, Switzerland
39. S. Kitchener, P. Nasveld, and M.D. Edstein Tafenoquine for the treatment of recurrent Plasmodium vivax malaria Am J Trop Med Hyg 76 2007 494 496 (Pubitemid 351627742)
40. P.E. Duffy, and T.K. Mutabingwa Drug combinations for malaria: time to ACT? Lancet 363 2004 3 4 (Pubitemid 38076914)
41. C.P. Thakur, J.P. Dedet, S. Narain, and F. Pratlong Leishmania species, drug unresponsiveness and visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar, India Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95 2001 187 189 (Pubitemid 34947385)
42. S. Dey, B. Papadopoulou, A. Haimeur, G. Roy, K. Grondin, and D. Dou High level arsenite resistance in Leishmania tarentolae is mediated by an active extrusion system Mol Biochem Parasitol 67 1994 49 57 (Pubitemid 24287310)
43. V reducing activity correlates with antimony susceptibility in Leishmania donovani J Biol Chem 276 2001 3971 3976
44. A. Haimeur, and M. Ouellette Gene amplification in Leishmania tarentolae selected for resistance to sodium stibogluconate Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42 1998 1689 1694 (Pubitemid 28311563)
45. A.C. Saldanha, G.A. Romero, C. Guerra, E. Merchan-Hamann, and O. Macedo Vde Comparative study between sodium stibogluconate BP 88 and meglumine antimoniate in cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment II. Biochemical and cardiac toxicity Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 33 2000 383 388 [in Portuguese] (Pubitemid 30604786)
46. S. Rijal, F. Chappuis, R. Singh, M. Boelaert, L. Loutan, and S. Koirala Sodium stibogluconate cardiotoxicity and safety of generics Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97 2003 597 598 (Pubitemid 40590103)
47. J. Delgado, J. Macías, J.A. Pineda, J.E. Corzo, M.P. González-Moreno, and R. de la Rosa High frequency of serious side effects from meglumine antimoniate given without an upper limit dose for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus type-1-infected patients Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 1999 766 769
48. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Drugs for parasitic infections 2010 CDC Atlanta, GA
49. P.M. Loiseau, N. Mbongo, C. Bories, Y. Boulard, and D.G. Craciunescu In vivo antileishmanial action of Ir-(COD)-pentamidine tetraphenylborate on Leishmania donovani and Leishmania major mouse models Parasite 7 2000 103 108
50. T.P. Waalkes, and D.R. Makulu Pharmacologic aspects of pentamidine Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 43 1976 171 177 (Pubitemid 8046835)
51. J. Brajtburg, and J. Bolard Carrier effects on biological activity of amphotericin B Clin Microbiol Rev 9 1996 512 531 (Pubitemid 26366536)
52. C. Di Giorgio, F. Faraut-Gambarelli, A. Imbert, P. Minodier, M. Gasquet, and H. Dumon Flow cytometric assessment of amphotericin B susceptibility in Leishmania infantum isolates from patients with visceral leishmaniasis J Antimicrob Chemother 44 1999 71 76 (Pubitemid 29353684)
53. AmBisome. Astellas Pharma US; 2010. http://www.ambisome.com/index2.php? section=about&page=overview [accessed 23 March 2011].
54. C. Bern, J. Adler-Moore, J. Berenguer, M. Boelaert, M. den Boer, and R.N. Davidson Liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis Clin Infect Dis 43 2006 917 924 (Pubitemid 44435523)
55. A. Meyerhoff U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of AmBisome (liposomal amphotericin B) for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis Clin Infect Dis 28 1999 42 48 [discussion 49-51] (Pubitemid 29246123)
56. S. Sundar, T.K. Jha, C.P. Thakur, J. Engel, H. Sindermann, and C. Fischer Oral miltefosine for Indian visceral leishmaniasis N Engl J Med 347 2002 1739 1746 (Pubitemid 35375612)
57. P.L. Olliaro, P.J. Guerin, S. Gerstl, A.A. Haaskjold, J.A. Rottingen, and S. Sundar Treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review of clinical studies done in India, 1980-2004 Lancet Infect Dis 5 2005 763 774 (Pubitemid 41688981)
58. K. Seifert, S. Matu, F. Javier Perez-Victoria, S. Castanys, F. Gamarro, and S.L. Croft Characterisation of Leishmania donovani promastigotes resistant to hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) Int J Antimicrob Agents 22 2003 380 387 (Pubitemid 37163727)
59. F.J. Perez-Victoria, S. Castanys, and F. Gamarro Leishmania donovani resistance to miltefosine involves a defective inward translocation of the drug Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47 2003 2397 2403 (Pubitemid 36919436)
60. J. Soto, and P. Soto Miltefosine: oral treatment of leishmaniasis Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 4 2006 177 185
61. J. El-On Current status and perspectives of the immunotherapy of leishmaniasis Isr Med Assoc J 11 2009 623 628
62. H.M. Al-Abdely, J.R. Graybill, D. Loebenberg, and P.C. Melby Efficacy of the triazole SCH 56592 against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania donovani in experimental murine cutaneous and visceral leishmaniases Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43 1999 2910 2914
63. B. Nare, S. Wring, C. Bacchi, B. Beaudet, T. Bowling, and R. Brun Discovery of novel orally bioavailable oxaborole 6-carboxamides that demonstrate cure in a murine model of late-stage central nervous system African trypanosomiasis Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54 2010 4379 4388
64. V. Yardley, F. Gamarro, and S.L. Croft Antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities of the 8-aminoquinoline tafenoquine Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54 2010 5356 5358
65. R. Sen, S. Ganguly, P. Saha, and M. Chatterjee Efficacy of artemisinin in experimental visceral leishmaniasis Int J Antimicrob Agents 36 2010 43 49
66. J. Rodriques Coura, and S.L. de Castro A critical review on Chagas disease chemotherapy Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 97 2002 3 24 (Pubitemid 135746197)
67. S.B. Blanco, E.L. Segura, E.N. Cura, R. Chuit, L. Tulián, and I. Flores Congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi: an operational outline for detecting and treating infected infants in north-western Argentina Trop Med Int Health 5 2000 293 301 (Pubitemid 30316804)
68. S. Sosa-Estani, E. Cura, E. Velazquez, C. Yampotis, and E.L. Segura Etiological treatment of young women infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, and prevention of congenital transmission Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 42 2009 484 487
69. World Health Organization Update of American trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis control and research: final report 2007 WHO Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
70. R. Viotti, C. Vigliano, H. Armenti, and E. Segura Treatment of chronic Chagas' disease with benznidazole: clinical and serologic evolution of patients with long-term follow-up Am Heart J 127 1994 151 162 (Pubitemid 24040442)
71. S.L. de-Castro, M.N. Soeiro, K.O. Higashi, and M.N. Meirelles Differential effect of amphotericin B on the three evolutive stages of Trypanosoma cruzi and on the host cell-parasite interaction Braz J Med Biol Res 26 1993 1219 1229 (Pubitemid 23355029)
72. F.S. Cruz, J.J. Marr, and R.L. Berens Prevention of transfusion-induced Chagas' disease by amphotericin B Am J Trop Med Hyg 29 1980 761 765
73. Bioral® amphotericin B. Raleigh, NC: BioDelivery Sciences International, Inc.; 2010. http://www.biodeliverysciences.com/Bioral- Amphotericin-B.php [accessed 23 March 2011].
74. M.J. Pinazo, G. Espinosa, M. Gallego, P.L. Lopez-Chejade, J.A. Urbina, and J. Gascon Successful treatment with posaconazole of a patient with chronic Chagas disease and systemic lupus erythematosus Am J Trop Med Hyg 82 2010 583 587
75. DNDi Press release: Eisai and DNDi enter into a collaboration and license agreement to develop a new drug for Chagas disease 2009 DNDi Geneva: Switzerland http://www.dndi.org/press-releases/2009/532-eisai-and-dndi-enter- into-a-collaboration.html [accessed 2 March 2011]
76. E. Torreele, B. Bourdin Trunz, D. Tweats, M. Kaiser, R. Brun, and G. Mazué Fexinidazole - a new oral nitroimidazole drug candidate entering clinical development for the treatment of sleeping sickness PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4 2010 e923
77. Al-Saffer R, Ridge AL. Overview of the evidence for safety and efficacy of medicines for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases in children. WHO Documents 2010. https://www.who.int/selection-medicines/committees/expert/18/ applications/ReviewNTDMedicines.pdf [accessed 23 March 2011].
78. J.A. Balmer Treatment of vaginal infections with intravaginal pentamycin in clinical practice Internat J Gynecol Obstet 2009 11
79. M.L. Gonzales, L.F. Dans, and E.G. Martinez Antiamoebic drugs for treating amoebic colitis Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009 CD006085
80. M. Lalle Giardiasis in the post genomic era: treatment, drug resistance and novel therapeutic perspectives Infect Disord Drug Targets 10 2010 283 294
81. J.M. Salles, M.J. Salles, L.A. Moraes, and M.C. Silva Invasive amebiasis: an update on diagnosis and management Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 5 2007 893 901 (Pubitemid 47610951)
82. J.W. Krashin, E.H. Koumans, A.C. Bradshaw-Sydnor, J.R. Braxton, W. Evan Secor, and M.K. Sawyer Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence, incidence, risk factors and antibiotic-resistance in an adolescent population Sex Transm Dis 37 2010 440 444
83. D. Bansal, N. Malla, and R.C. Mahajan Drug resistance in amoebiasis Indian J Med Res 123 2006 115 118