Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with recently diagnosed diabetes mellitus

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

Volumn 94, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 371-375

  Lee, Ka Man Carmen ^a   Sum, Wing Man Rita ^a  

^a HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Diabetes; Diagnosis; Hypertension; Prevalence; Retinopathy; Smoking

Indexed keywords

EID: 79959720270     PISSN: 08164622     EISSN: 14440938     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2010.00574.x     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Woo J, Swaminathan R, Cockram C, Pang CP, Mak YT, Au SY, Vallance-Owen J. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and an assessment of methods of detection among a community of elderly Chinese in Hong Kong. Diabetologia 1987; 30: 863-868.
2. Janus ED, Watt NMS, Lam KSL, Cockram CS, Siu STS, Liu LJ, Lam TH. The prevalence of diabetes, association with cardiovascular risk factors and implications of diagnostic criteria (ADA 1997 and WHO 1998) in a 1996 community-based population study in Hong Kong Chinese. Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Steering Committee. American Diabetes Association. Diabet Med 2000; 17: 741-745.
3. Early photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS report number 9. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Ophthalmology 1991; 98: 766-785.
4. Chew EY, Ferris FL 3rd, Csaky KG, Murphy RP, Agron E, Thompson DJ, Reed GF etal. The long-term effects of laser photocoagulation treatment in patients with diabetic retinopathy: the early treatment diabetic retinopathy follow-up study. Ophthalmology 2003; 110: 1683-1689.
5. Focal photocoagulation treatment of diabetic macular edema. Relationship of treatment effect to fluorescein angiographic and other retinal characteristics at baseline: ETDRS report no. 19. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Arch Ophthalmol 1995; 113: 1144-1155.
6. Tam TK, Lau CM, Tsang LC, Ng KK, Ho KS, Lai TC. Epidemiological study of diabetic retinopathy in a primary care setting in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2005; 11: 438-444.
7. Hu HY, Lu B, Zhang ZY, Mao LY, Song XY, Dong XH, Yang YH etal. [An epidemiological study on diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients in Shanghai]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2007; 28: 838-840.
8. Tam VH, Lam EP, Chu BC, Tse KK, Fung LM. Incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in Hong Kong Chinese with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2009; 23: 185-193.
9. Rodriguez-Villalobos E, Cervantes-Aguayo F, Vargas-Salado E, Avalos-Munoz ME, Juarez-Becerril DM, Ramirez-Barba EJ. [Diabetic retinopathy: twelve-year incidence and progression]. Cir Cir 2005; 73: 79-84.
10. Dasbach EJ, Fryback DG, Newcomb PA, Klein R, Klein BE. Cost-effectiveness of strategies for detecting diabetic retinopathy. Med Care 1991; 29: 20-39.
11. Lairson DR, Pugh JA, Kapadia AS, Lorimor RJ, Jacobson J, Velez R. Cost-effectiveness of alternative methods for diabetic retinopathy screening. Diabetes Care 1992; 15: 1369-1377.
12. Lau HC, Voo YO, Yeo KT, Ling SL, Jap A. Mass screening for diabetic retinopathy-a report on diabetic retinal screening in primary care clinics in Singapore. Singapore Med J 1995; 36: 510-513.
13. Siu SC, Ko TC, Wong KW, Chan WN. Effectiveness of non-mydriatic retinal photography and direct ophthalmoscopy in detecting diabetic retinopathy. Hong Kong Med J 1998; 4: 367-370.
14. Hutchinson A, McIntosh A, Peters J, O'Keeffe C, Khunti K, Baker R, Booth A. Effectiveness of screening and monitoring tests for diabetic retinopathy-a systematic review. Diabet Med 2000; 17: 495-506.
15. Care of the Patient with Diabetes Mellitus. American Optometric Association; 2009 [cited 2010 Oct 30]. Available from:
16. Ong KL, Cheung BM, Wong LY, Wat NM, Tan KC, Lam KS. Prevalence, treatment and control of diagnosed diabetes in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004. Ann Epidemiol 2008; 18: 222-229.
17. Chan JC, Malik V, Jia W, Kadowaki T, Yajnik CS, Yoon KH, Hu FB. Diabetes in Asia: epidemiology, risk factors and pathophysiology. JAMA 2009; 301: 2129-2140.
18. Kempf K, Rathmann W, Herder C. Impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2008; 24: 427-437.
19. Ma RC, Chan JC. Pregnancy and diabetes scenario around the world: China. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009; 104 (Suppl 1): S42-S45.
20. Andreassi MG. Metabolic syndrome, diabetes and atherosclerosis: influence of gene-environment interaction. Mutat Res 2009; 667: 35-43.
21. Porta M, Bandello F. Diabetic retinopathy. A clinical update. Diabetologia 2002; 45: 1617-1634.
22. Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Etya'ale D, Kocur I, Pararajasegaram R, Pokharel GP, Mariotti SP. Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 844-851.
23. Subedi S, Subedi KU, Badhu BP. Doctor's role in early detection of diabetic retinopathy and prevention of blindness from its complications. J Nepal Med Assoc 2005; 44: 26-30.
24. Hann CE, Revie JA, Hewett D, Chase JG, Shaw GM. Screening for diabetic retinopathy using computer vision and physiological markers. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2009; 3: 819-834.
25. McKay R, McCarty CA, Taylor HR. Diabetic retinopathy in Victoria, Australia: the Visual Impairment Project. Br J Ophthalmol 2000; 84: 865-870.
26. Wong TY, Klein R, Islam FM, Cotch MF, Folsom AR, Klein BE, Sharrett AR etal. Diabetic retinopathy in a multi-ethnic cohort in the United States. Am J Ophthalmol 2006; 141: 446-455.
27. Wong TY, Cheung N, Tay WT, Wang JJ, Aung T, Saw SM, Lim SC etal. Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: the Singapore Malay Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2008; 115: 1869-1875.
28. Xie XW, Xu L, Jonas JB, Wang YX. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among subjects with known diabetes in China: the Beijing Eye Study. Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 91-99.
29. Raman R, Rani PK, Reddi Rachepalle S, Gnanamoorthy P, Uthra S, Kumaramanickavel G, Sharma T. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in India: Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology and Molecular Genetics Study report 2. Ophthalmology 2009; 116: 311-318.
30. Sanchez-Thorin JC. The epidemiology of diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy. Int Ophthalmol Clin 1998; 38: 11-18.
31. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of diabetic retinopathy. XIV. Ten-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 1994; 112: 1217-1228.
32. Chew EY, Ambrosius WT, Davis MD, Danis RP, Gangaputra S, Greven CM, Hubbard L etal. Effects of medical therapies on retinopathy progression in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 233-244.
33. Kohner EM. Microvascular disease: what does the UKPDS tell us about diabetic retinopathy? Diabet Med 2008; 25 (Suppl 2): 20-24.
34. Matthews DR, Stratton IM, Aldington SJ, Holman RR, Kohner EM. Risks of progression of retinopathy and vision loss related to tight blood pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: UKPDS 69. Arch Ophthalmol 2004; 122: 1631-1640.
35. Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BE. Cigarette smoking and ten-year progression of diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology 1996; 103: 1438-1442.
36. Sawicki PT, Muhlhauser I, Bender R, Pethke W, Heinemann L, Berger M. Effects of smoking on blood pressure and proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy. J Intern Med 1996; 239: 345-352.
37. Segato T, Midena E, Grigoletto F, Zucchetto M, Fedele D, Piermarocchi S, Crepaldi G. The epidemiology and prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the Veneto region of north east Italy. Veneto Group for Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabet Med 1991; 8 Spec No: S11-S16.