Episodic uplift and exhumation along North Atlantic passive margins: Implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity

Petroleum Geology Conference Proceedings

Volumn 7, Issue 0, 2010, Pages 979-1004

  Japsen, P ^a   Green, P F ^b   Bonow, J M ^a   Rasmussen, E S ^a   Chalmers, J A ^a   Kjennerud, T ^c  

^a GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GREENLAND   (Denmark)

^b Pty Ltd   (Australia)

^c Exploro Geoservices   (Norway)

Author keywords

Erosion; Exhumation; Greenland; Hydrocarbons; Landscape; North Atlantic; Scandinavia; Uplift

Indexed keywords

EID: 79959526225     PISSN: 20479921     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1144/0070979     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (119)

1. Ahlmann, H. W. 1941. Studies in North-East Greenland 1939-1940. Geografiska Annaler, 23, 145-209.
2. Backman, J., Jakobsson, M. et al. 2008. Age model and core-seismic integration for the Cenozoic Arctic Coring Expedition sediments from the Lomonosov Ridge. Paleoceanography, 23, 1-15; doi: 10.1029/ 2007PA001476.
3. Bonow, J. M. 2005. Re-exposed basement landforms in the Disko region, West Greenland - disregarded data for estimation of glacial erosion and uplift modelling. Geomorphology, 72, 106-127. (Pubitemid 41754582)
4. Bonow, J. M., Japsen, P., Lidmar-Bergström, K., Chalmers, J. A. & Pedersen, A. K. 2006a. Cenozoic uplift of Nuussuaq and Disko, West Greenland - elevated erosion surfaces as uplift markers of a passive margin. Geomorphology, 80, 325-337. (Pubitemid 44426566)
5. Bonow, J. M., Lidmar-Bergström, K. & Japsen, P. 2006b. Palaeosurfaces in central West Greenland as reference for identification of tectonic movements and estimation of erosion. Global and Planetary Change, 50, 161-183. (Pubitemid 43673888)
6. Bonow, J. M., Lidmar-Bergström, K., Japsen, P., Chalmers, J. A. & Green, P. F. 2007. Elevated erosion surfaces in southern Norway and West Greenland: their significance in studies of uplift and tectonic events. Norwegian Journal of Geology, 87, 181-196.
7. Bray, R., Green, P. F. & Duddy, I. R. 1992. Thermal history reconstruction in sedimentary basins using apatite fission track analysis and vitrinite reflectance: a case study from the east Midlands of England and the Southern North Sea. In: Hardman, R. F. P. (ed.) Exploration Britain: Into the Next Decade. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 67, 3-25. (Pubitemid 23387050)
8. Brooks, C. K. 1985. Vertical crustal movements in the Tertiary of central East Greenland: a continental margin at a hot-spot. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 54, 101-117.
9. Brown, R., Summerfield, M. A. & Gleadow, A. J. W. 2002. Denudational history along a transect across the Drakensberg Escarpment of southern Africa derived from apatite fission track analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 2350-2367.
10. Chalmers, J. A. 2000. Offshore evidence for Neogene uplift in central West Greenland. Global and Planetary Change, 24, 311-318. (Pubitemid 30387870)
11. Chalmers, J. A. & Pulvertaft, T. C. R. 2001. Development of the continental margins of the Labrador Sea: a review. In: Wilson, R. C. L., Withmarsh, R. B., Taylor, B. & Froitzheim, N. (eds) Non-volcanic Rifting of Continental Margins: A Comparison of Evidence from Land and Sea. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 187, 77-105. (Pubitemid 34189108)
12. Chalmers, J. A., Pulvertaft, T. C. R., Marcussen, C. & Pedersen, A. K. 1999. New insight into the structure of the Nuussuaq Basin, central West Greenland. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 16, 197-224. (Pubitemid 29312239)
13. Christiansen, F. G., Piasecki, S. & Stemmerik, L. 1990. Thermal maturity history of the Upper Permian succession in the Wegener Halvø area, East Greenland. Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse, 148, 109-114.
14. Christiansen, F. G., Larsen, H. C. et al. 1992. Uplift study of the Jameson Land Basin, East Greenland. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 72, 291-294.
15. Christiansen, F. G., Bojesen-Koefoed, J. A. et al. 2001. Petroleum geological activities in West Greenland in 2000. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 189, 24-33.
16. Clausen, O. R., Gregersen, U., Michelsen, O. & Sørensen, J. C. 1999. Factors controlling the Cenozoic sequence development in the eastern parts of the North Sea. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 156, 809-816. (Pubitemid 29496971)
17. Cobbold, P. R., Meisling, K. E. & Mount, V. S. 2001. Reactivation of an obliquely rifted margin, Campos and Santos basins, southeastern Brazil. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 85, 1925-1944. (Pubitemid 33124724)
18. Corcoran, D. V. & Doré, A. G. 2005. A review of techniques for the estimation of magnitude and timing of exhumation in offshore basins. Earth Science Reviews, 72, 129-168. (Pubitemid 41511743)
19. Dalhoff, F., Larsen, L. M. et al. 2006. Continental crust in the Davis Strait: new evidence from seabed sampling. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Survey Bulletin, 10, 33-36. (Pubitemid 46210810)
20. Dam, G., Larsen, M. & Sørensen, J. C. 1998. Sedimentary response to mantle plumes: implications from Paleocene onshore successions, West and East Greenland. Geology, 26, 207-210.
21. Doré, A. G., Corcoran, D. V. & Scotchman, I. C. 2002. Prediction of the hydrocarbon system in exhumed basins, and application to the NW European margin. In: Doré, A. G., Cartwright, J. A., Stoker, M. S., Turner, J. & White, N. (eds) Exhumation of the North Atlantic Margin: Timing, Mechanisms and Implications for Petroleum Explorations. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 196, 401-429. (Pubitemid 35400094)
22. Doré, A. G., Lundin, E., Kusznir, N. J. & Pascal, C. 2008. Potential mechanisms for the genesis of Cenozoic domal structures on the NE Atlantic margin: pros and cons and some new ideas. In: Johnson, H., Doré, A. G., Gatliff, R. W., Holdsworth, R. E., Lundin, E. & Ritchie, J. D. (eds) The Nature and Origin of Compression in Passive Margins. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 306, 1-26.
23. Eldholm, O., Thiede, J. & Taylor, E. 1989. Evolution of the Vøring volcanic margin. In: Eldholm, O., Thiede, J. & Taylor, E. (eds) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), Scientific Results, College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 104, 39-68.
24. Fabricius, I. L., Gommesen, L., Krogsbøll, A. & Olsen, D. 2008. Chalk porosity and sonic velocity versus burial depth: influence of fluid pressure, hydrocarbons, and mineralogy. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 92, 201-223. (Pubitemid 351410825)
25. Faleide, J. I., Kyrkejbø, R. et al. 2002. Tectonic impact on sedimentary processes during Cenozoic evolution of the northern North Sea and surrounding areas. In: Doré, A. G., Cartwright, J. A., Stoker, M. S., Turner, J. P. & Whites, N. (eds) Exhumation of the North Atlantic Margin: Timing, Mechanisms and Implications for Petroleum Exploration. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 196, 235-269. (Pubitemid 35391764)
26. Funder, S. 1989. Quaternary geology of the icefree areas and adjacent shelves of Greenland. In: Fulton, J. R. (ed.) Quaternary Geology of Canada and Greenland. The Geology of North America. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, 741-792.
27. Gaina, C., Gernigon, L. & Ball, P. 2009. Palaeocene-Recent plate boundaries in the NE Atlantic and the formation of the Jan Mayen microcontinent. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 166, 601-616.
28. Gallagher, K. & Brown, R. 1999. The Mesozoic denudation history of the Atlantic margins of southern Africa and southeast Brazil and the relationship to offshore sedimentation. In: Cameron,N. R., Bate, R.H. & Clure, V. S. (eds) The Oil and Gas Habitats of the South Atlantic. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153, 41-53. (Pubitemid 30025172)
29. Gallagher, K., Hawkesworth, C. J. & Mantovani, M. 1996. The denudation history of the onshore continental margin of SE Brazil inferred from apatite fission track data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 18117-18145.
30. Gleadow, A. J.W. & Brooks, C. K. 1979. Fission-track dating, thermal histories and tectonics of igneous intrusions in East Greenland. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 71, 45-60.
31. GLOBE Task Team and others (Hastings, D. A., Dunbar, P. K. et al., eds) 1999. The Global Land One-kilometer Base Elevation (GLOBE) Digital Elevation Model, Version 1.0. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, CO. Digital database on the World Wide Web http://www.ngdc. noaa.gov/mgg/topo/globe.html and CD-ROMs.
32. Green, P. F. & Duddy, I. 2010. Synchronous exhumation events around the Arctic including examples from Barents Sea, Alaska North Slope. In: Vining, B. A. & Pickering, S. C. (eds) Petroleum Geology: From Mature Basins to New Frontiers - Proceedings of the 7th Petroleum Geology Conference. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 633-644; doi: 10.1144/0070633.
33. Green, P. F., Duddy, I. R., Gleadow, A. J.W. & Lovering, J. F. 1989. Apatite fission track analysis as a palaeotemperature indicator for hydrocarbon exploration. In: Naeser, N. D. & McCulloh, T. (eds) Thermal History of Sedimentary Basins - Methods and Case Histories. Springer, New York, 181-195.
34. Green, P. F., Duddy, I. R. & Hegarty, K. A. 2002. Quantifying exhumation from apatite fission-track analysis and vitrinite reflectance data: precision, accuracy and latest results from the Atlantic margin of NW Europe. In: Doré, A. G., Cartwright, J. A., Stoker, M. S., Turner, J. P. & Whites, N. (eds) Exhumation of the North Atlantic Margin: Timing, Mechanisms and Implications for Petroleum Exploration. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 196, 331-354. (Pubitemid 35400092)
35. Green, P. F., Crowhurst, P. V. & Duddy, I. R. 2004. Integration of AFTA and (U-Th)/He thermochronology to enhance the resolution and precision of thermal history reconstruction in the Anglesea-1 well, Otway Basin, SE Australia. In: Boult, P. J., Johns, D. R. & Lang, S. C. (eds) Eastern Australian Basins Symposium II. Petroleum Exploration Society of Australia, 117-131.
36. Green, P. F., Crowhurst, P. V., Duddy, I. R., Japsen, P. & Holford, S. P. 2006. Conflicting (U-Th)/He and fission track ages in apatite: enhanced He retention, not anomalous annealing behaviour. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 250, 407-427. (Pubitemid 44509740)
37. Hamann, N. E., Whittaker, R. C. & Stemmerik, L. 2005. Geological development of the Northeast Greenland Shelf. In: Doré, A. G. & Vining, B. A. (eds) Petroleum Geology: North-West Europe and Global Perspectives: Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology. Geological Society, London, 887-902; doi: 10.1144/0060887.
38. Hansen, K. 1988. Preliminary report of fission track studies in the Jameson Land basin, East Greenland. Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse, 140, 85-89.
39. Hansen, K. 1992. Post-orogenic tectonic and thermal history of a rifted continental: the Scoresby Sund area, east Greenland. Tectonophysics, 216, 309-326. (Pubitemid 23389546)
40. Hansen, K. 1996. Thermo-tectonic evolution of a rifted continental margin: fission track evidence from the Kangerlussuaq area, SE Greenland. Terra Nova, 8, 458-469.
41. Hansen, K., Bergman, S. C. & Henk, B. 2001. The Jameson Land basin (east Greenland): a fission track study of the tectonic and thermal evolution in the Cenozoic North Atlantic spreading regime. Tectonophysics, 331, 307-339. (Pubitemid 32430823)
42. Harrison, J. C., Mayr, U. et al. 1999. Correlation of Cenozoic sequences of the Canadian Arctic region and Greenland; implications for the tectonic history of North America. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 47, 223-254.
43. Heilmann-Clausen, C., Nielsen, O. B. & Gersner, F. 1985. Lithostratigraphy and depositional environments in the upper Palaeocene and Eocene of Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 33, 287-323.
44. Henriksen, N. 2008. Geological History of Greenland. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen.
45. Henriksen, N., Higgins, A. K., Kalsbeek, F. & Pulvertaft, T. C. R. 2000. Greenland from Archaean to Quaternary. Descriptive Text to the Geological Map of Greenland 1:2 500 000. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletins, 185.
46. Hillis, R. R. 1995. Quantification of tertiary exhumation in the United Kingdom southern North Sea using sonic velocity data. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 79, 130-152.
47. Holliday, D. W. 1993. Mesozoic cover over northern England: interpretation of apatite fissiontrack data. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 150, 657-660. (Pubitemid 23393771)
48. Japsen, P. 1998. Regional velocity-depth anomalies, North Sea Chalk: a record of overpressure and Neogene uplift and erosion. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 82, 2031-2074. (Pubitemid 29089648)
49. Japsen, P. 1999. Overpressured Cenozoic shale mapped from velocity anomalies relative to a baseline for marine shale, North Sea. Petroleum Geoscience, 5, 321-336. (Pubitemid 30063578)
50. Japsen, P. 2000. Investigation of multi-phase erosion using reconstructed shale trends based on sonic data. Sole Pit axis, North Sea. Global and Planetary Change, 24, 189-210. (Pubitemid 30387863)
51. Japsen, P. & Bidstrup, T. 1999. Quantification of late Cenozoic erosion in Denmark based on sonic data and basin modelling. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 46, 79-99.
52. Japsen, P. & Chalmers, J. A. 2000. Neogene uplift and tectonics around the North Atlantic: overview. Global and Planetary Change, 24, 165-173. (Pubitemid 30387861)
53. Japsen, P., Bidstrup, T. & Lidmar-Bergström, K. 2002. Neogene uplift and erosion of southern Scandinavia induced by the rise of the South Swedish Dome. In: Doré, A. G., Cartwright, J., Stoker, M. S., Turner, J. P. & White, N. (eds) Exhumation of the North Atlantic Margin: Timing, Mechanisms and Implications for Petroleum Exploration. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 196, 183-207. (Pubitemid 35400091)
54. Japsen, P., Mavko, G. et al. 2005a. Chalk background velocity: influence of effective stress and texture. EAGE 67th Conference & Exhibition, Madrid, 13-16 June.
55. Japsen, P., Green, P. F. & Chalmers, J. A. 2005b. Separation of Palaeogene and Neogene uplift on Nuussuaq, West Greenland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 162, 299-314. (Pubitemid 40398643)
56. Japsen, P., Bonow, J. M., Green, P. F., Chalmers, J. A. & Lidmar-Bergström, K. 2006. Elevated, passive continental margins: long-term highs or Neogene uplifts. New evidence from West Greenland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 248, 315-324. (Pubitemid 44138527)
57. Japsen, P., Green, P. F., Nielsen, L. H., Rasmussen, E. S. & Bidstrup, T. 2007a. Mesozoic-Cenozoic exhumation in the eastern North Sea Basin: a multi-disciplinary study based on palaeo-thermal, palaeoburial, stratigraphic and seismic data. Basin Research, 19, 451-490. (Pubitemid 350213837)
58. Japsen, P., Mukerji, T. & Mavko, G. 2007b. Constraints on velocity-depth trends from rock physics models. Geophysical Prospecting, 55, 135-154. (Pubitemid 46351467)
59. Japsen, P., Rasmussen, E. S., Green, P. F., Nielsen, L. H. & Bidstrup, T. 2008. Cenozoic palaeogeography and isochores before Neogene exhumation in the eastern North Sea Basin. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin, 15, 25-28.
60. Japsen, P., Bonow, J. M., Green, P. F., Chalmers, J. A. & Lidmar-Bergström, K. 2009. Formation, uplift and destruction of planation surfaces at passive continental margins. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 34, 683-699.
61. Johnson, K. & Gallagher, K. 2000. A preliminary Mesozoic and Cenozoic denudation history of the North East Greenland onshore margin. Global and Planetary Change, 24, 303-309.
62. King, L. C. 1967. The Morphology of the Earth (2nd edn). Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh.
63. King, S. D. & Anderson, D. L. 1998. Edge-driven convection. Earth Planetary Science Letters, 160, 289-296. (Pubitemid 29105700)
64. Kohn, B. P., Gleadow, A. J.W. & Cox, S. J. D. 1999. Denudation history of the Snowy Mountains: constraints from apatite fission track analysis. Australian Journal of Earth Science, 46, 181-198. (Pubitemid 29285807)
65. Larsen, L. M. 2006. Mesozoic to Palaeogene Dyke Swarms in West Greenland and their Significance for the Formation of the Labrador Sea and the Davis Strait. Danmarks og Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport 2006/34.
66. Larsen, R. B. & Tegner, C. 2006. Pressure conditions for the solidification of the Skaergaard intrusion: eruption of East Greenland flood basalts in less than 300 000 years. Lithos, 92, 181-19.
67. Larsen, L. M., Watt, W. S. & Watt, M. 1989. Geology and petrology of the Lower Tertiary plateau basalts of the Scoresby Sund region, East Greenland. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Bulletin, 157, 164.
68. Larsen, M., Heilmann-Clausen, C., Piasecki, S. & Stemmerik, L. 2005. At the edge of a new ocean: post-volcanic evolution of the Palaeogene Kap Dalton Group, East Greenland. In: Doré, A. G. & Vining, B. A. (eds) Petroleum Geology: North-West Europe and Global Perspectives: Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference. Geological Society, London, 923-932; doi: 10.1144/0060923.
69. Laxon, S. & McAdoo, D. 1998. Satellites provide new insights into polar geophysics. EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 79, 72-73.
70. Letréguilly, A., Huybrechts, P. & Reeh, N. 1991. Steady-state characteristics of the Greenland ice sheet under different climates. Journal of Glaciology, 37, 149-157.
71. Lidmar-Bergström, K. 1996. Long term morphotectonic evolution in Sweden. Geomorphology, 16, 33-59.
72. Lidmar-Bergström, K., Ollier, C. D. & Sulebak, J. C. 2000. Landforms and uplift history of southern Norway. Global and Planetary Change, 24, 211-231. (Pubitemid 30387864)
73. Lidmar-Bergström, K., Näslund, J.-O., Ebert, K., Neubeck, T. & Bonow, J. M. 2007. Cenozoic landscape development on the passive margin of northern Scandinavia. Norwegian Journal of Geology, 87, 181-196.
74. Mathiesen, A., Christiansen, F. G., Bidstrup, T., Marcussen, C., Dam, G., Piasecki, S. & Stemmerik, L. 1995. Modelling of hydrocarbon generation in the Jameson Land Basin, East Greenland. First Break, 13, 329-341. (Pubitemid 26457900)
75. Mathiesen, A., Bidstrup, T. & Christiansen, F. G. 2000. Denudation and uplift history of the Jameson Land Basin, East Greenland - constrained from maturity and apatite fission track data. Global and Planetary Change, 24, 303-309.
76. McKenzie, D. 1978. Some remarks on the development of sedimentary basins. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 40, 25-32.
77. Medvedev, S., Hartz, E. H. & Podladchikov, Y. Y. 2008. Vertical motions of the fjord regions of central East Greenland: impact of glacial erosion, deposition, and isostasy. Geology, 36, 539-542.
78. Michelsen, O., Thomsen, E., Danielsen, M., Heilmann-Clausen, C., Jordt, H. & Laursen, G. 1998. Cenozoic sequence stratigraphy in the eastern North Sea. In: de Graciansky, P.-C. et al. (eds) Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publications, 60, 91-118.
79. Miller, K. G., Kominz, M. A. et al. 2005. The phanerozoic record of global sea-level change. Science, 310, 1293-1298. (Pubitemid 41698854)
80. Nielsen, L. H. 2003. Late Triassic-Jurassic development of the Danish Basin and Fennoscandian Border Zone, southern Scandinavia. In: Ineson, J. & Surlyk, F. (eds) The Jurassic of Denmark and Greenland. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin, 1, 459-526. (Pubitemid 38472996)
81. Nøhr-Hansen, H. 2003. Dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy of the Palaeogene strata from the Hellefisk-1, Ikermiut-1, Kangâmiut-1, Nukik-1, Nukik-2 and Qulleq-1 wells, offshore West Greenland. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 20, 987-1016. (Pubitemid 38127102)
82. Ollier, C. D. 1985. Morphotectonics of passive continental margins: introduction. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Neue Folge, Suppl., 54, 1-9.
83. O'Sullivan, P. B., Kohn, B. P., Foster, D. A. & Gleadow, A. J. W. 1995. Fission track data from the Bathurst batholith: evidence for rapid mid-Cretaceous uplift and erosion within the eastern highlands of Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 42, 597-607. (Pubitemid 26460950)
84. Partridge, T. C. & Maud, R. R. 1987. Geomorphic evolution of southern Africa since the Mesozoic. South African Journal of Geology, 90, 179-208.
85. Pedersen, A. K., Larsen, L. M., Riisager, P. & Dueholm, K. S. 2002. Rates of volcanic deposition, facies changes and movements in a dynamic basin: the Nuussuaq Basin, West Greenland, around the C27n-C26r transition. In: Jolley, D. W. & Bell, B. R. (eds) The North Atlantic Igneous Province. Stratigraphy, Tectonic, Volcanic and Magmatic Processes. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 197, 157-181.
86. Pedersen, A. K., Pedersen, G. K. & Larsen, L. M. 2006. Geologien. In: Bruun, L., Nielsen, N., Pedersen, G. K. & Pedersen, P. M. (eds) Arktisk Station, 1906-2006. Arktisk Station, Københavns Universitet with Forlaget Rhodos, Copenhagen, 17-32.
87. Persano, C., Stuart, F. M., Bishop, P. & Barfod, D. N. 2002. Apatite (U-Th)/He age constraints on the development of the Great Escarpment on the southeastern Australian passive margin. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 219, 1-12.
88. Piasecki, S. 2003. Neogene dinoflagellate cysts from Davis Strait, offshore West Greenland. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 20, 1075-1088. (Pubitemid 38127106)
89. Poore, H. R. N., White, N. & Jones, S. 2009. A Neogene chronology of Iceland plume activity from V-shaped ridges. Earth & Planetary Science Letters, 283, 1-13; doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.02.028.
90. Praeg, D., Stoker, M. S., Shannon, P. M., Ceramicola, S., Hjelstuen, B. O., Laberg, J. S. & Mathiesen, A. 2005. Episodic Cenozoic tectonism and the development of the NW European 'passive' continental margin. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 22, 977-1005.
91. Price, S. P. & Whitham, A. G. 1997. Exhumed hydrocarbon traps in east Greenland: analogs for the lower-middle Jurassic play of northwest Europe. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 81, 196-221.
92. Price, S. P., Brodie, J. A., Whitham, A. G. & Kent, R. 1997. Mid-Tertiary rifting and magmatism in the Traill Ø region, East Greenland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 154, 419-434.
93. Raab, M. J., Brown, R. W., Gallagher, K., Webber, K. & Gleadow, A. J.W. 2005. Denudational and thermal history of the Early Cretaceous Brandberg and Okenyenya igneous complexes on Namibia's passive margin. Tectonics, 24, TC3006.
94. Rasmussen, E. S. 2004. The interplay between true eustatic sea-level changes, tectonics, and climatical changes: what is the dominating factor in sequence formation of the Upper Oligocene-Miocene succession in the eastern North Sea Basin, Denmark? Global and Planetary Change, 41, 15-30. (Pubitemid 38225315)
95. Rasmussen, E. S. 2005. The geology of the upper Middle-Upper Miocene Gram Formation in the Danish area. Palaeontos, 7, 5-18.
96. Rasmussen, E. S. 2009a. Detailed mapping of marine erosional surfaces and the geometry of clinoforms on seismic data: a tool to identify the thickest reservoir sand. Basin Research, 21, 721-737.
97. Rasmussen, E. S. 2009b. Neogene inversion of the Central Graben and Ringkøbing-Fyn High, Denmark. Tectonophysics, 465, 84-97.
98. Rowley, R. & White, N. 1998. Inverse modeling of extension and denudation in the East Irish Sea and surrounding areas. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 161, 57-71. (Pubitemid 29105745)
99. Sandwell, D. T. & Smith, W. H. E. 1992. Global Marine Gravity Field from ERS-1, Geosat and Seasat. Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA.
100. Sanford, B. V. & Grant, A. C. 2000. Geological framework of the Ordovician system in the Southeast Arctic Platform, Nunavut. In: McCracken, A. D. & Bolton, T. E. (eds) Geology and Paleontology of the Southeast Arctic Platform and Southern Baffin Island, Nunavut. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletins, 557, 13-38.
101. Sangiorgi, F., Brumsack, H. J. et al. 2008. A 26 million year gap in the central Arctic record at the greenhouse-icehouse transition: looking for clues. Paleoceanography, 23, 1-13; doi: 10.1029/ 2007PA001477. (Pubitemid 351850833)
102. Schiøler, P., Andsbjerg, J. et al. 2007. Lithostratigraphy of the Palaeogene - Lower Neogene Succession of the Danish North Sea. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Bulletins, 12.
103. Schmidt, A. G., Riisager, P., Abrahamsen, N., Riisager, J., Pedersen, A. K. & van der Voe, R. 2005. Palaeomagnetism of Eocene Talerua Member lavas on Hareøen, West Greenland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 52, 27-39.
104. Sclater, J. G. & Christie, P. A. F. 1980. Continental stretching; an explanation of the post-Mid-Cretaceous subsidence of the central North Sea basin. Journal of Geophysical Research, 85, 3711-3739.
105. Shuster, D. L., Flowers, R. M. & Farley, K. A. 2006. The influence of natural radiation damage on helium diffusion kinetics in apatite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 249, 148-161. (Pubitemid 44463994)
106. Skogseid, J., Planke, S., Faleide, J. I., Pedersen, T., Eldholm, O. & Neverdal, F. 2000. NE Atlantic continental rifting and volcanic margin formation. In: Nøttvedt, A. (ed.) Dynamics of the Norwegian Margin. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 167, 295-326. (Pubitemid 30334670)
107. Sønderholm, M., Nøhr-Hansen, H., Bojesen-Koefoed, J. A., Dalhoff, F. & Rasmussen, J. A. 2003. Regional Correlation of Mesozoic- Palaeogene Sequences across the Greenland-Canada Boundary. Danmarks og Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport 2003/25.
108. Sørensen, A. B. 2006. Stratigraphy, structure and petroleum potential of the Lady Franklin and Maniitsoq Basins, offshore southern West Greenland. Petroleum Geoscience, 12, 221-234. (Pubitemid 44323627)
109. Steenfelt, A., Hollis, J. A. & Secher, K. 2006. The Tikiusaaq carbonatite: a new Mesozoic intrusive complex in southern West Greenland. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin, 10, 41-44. (Pubitemid 46210812)
110. Stoker, M. S., Praeg, D. et al. 2005. Neogene evolution of the Atlantic continental margin of NW Europe Lofoten Islands to SW Ireland: anything but passive. In: Doré, A. G. & Vining, B. A. (eds) Petroleum Geology: North-West Europe and Global Perspectives: Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference. Geological Society, London, 1057-1076; doi: 10.1144/0061057.
111. 39Ar geochronology of the West Greenland Tertiary volcanic province. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 160, 569-586. (Pubitemid 29105721)
112. Stouge, S. & Peel, J. S. 1979. Ordovician conodonts from the Precambrian shield of southern West Greenland. Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse, 91, 105-109.
113. Swift, D. A., Persano, C., Stuart, F. M., Gallagher, K. & Whitham, A. 2008. A reassessment of the role of ice sheet glaciation in the long-term evolution of the East Greenland fjord region. Geomorphology, 97, 109-125.
114. Thomson, K., Green, P. F., Whitham, A. G., Price, S. P. & Underhill, J. R. 1999. New constraints on the thermal history of North-East Greenland from apatite fission-track analysis. GSA Bulletin, 111, 1054-1068.
115. Tissot, B. P. & Welte, D. H. 1984. Petroleum Formation and Occurrence. Springer, Berlin.
116. Utescher, T., Mosbrugger, V., Ivanov, D. & Dilcher, D. L. 2009. Presentday climatic equivalents of European Cenozoic climates. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 284, 544-552.
117. van der Beek, P., Summerfield, M. A., Braun, J., Brown, R. W. & Fleming, A. 2002. Modelling postbreakup landscape development and denudational history across the southeast African (Drakensberg Escarpment) margin. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 2351; doi: 10.1029/ 2001JB000744.
118. White, N. & McKenzie, D. 1988. Formation of the steers head geometry of sedimentary basins by differential stretching of the crust and the mantle. Geology, 16, 250-253.
119. Ziegler, P. A. 1990. Geological Atlas of Western and Central Europe (2nd edn). Elsevier for Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij, Amsterdam.