Femtosecond laser fabrication of birefringent directional couplers as polarization beam splitters in fused silica

Optics Express

Volumn 19, Issue 13, 2011, Pages 11992-11999

  Fernandes, Lúis A ^a,b   Grenier, Jason R ^a   Herman, Peter R ^a   Aitchison, J Stewart ^a   Marques, Paulo V S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PORTO   (Portugal)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIREFRINGENCE; DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS; GLASS LASERS; OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS; POLARIZATION; PRISMS; ULTRASHORT PULSES;

EXTINCTION RATIOS; FEMTO-SECOND LASER; FEMTOSECOND LASER WRITING; INTEGRATED POLARIZATION BEAM SPLITTER; POLARIZATION BEAM SPLITTERS; POLARIZATION SPLITTINGS; POLARIZED MODES; PROPAGATION LOSS; SPECTRAL SPLITTING;

FUSED SILICA;

GLASS FIBER; SILICON DIOXIDE;

ARTICLE; BIREFRINGENCE; CHEMISTRY; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; INSTRUMENTATION; LASER; OPTICS; THEORETICAL MODEL;

BIREFRINGENCE; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; LASERS; MODELS, THEORETICAL; OPTICAL FIBERS; OPTICS AND PHOTONICS; SILICON DIOXIDE;

EID: 79959487687     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.19.011992     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. K. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, "Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser," Opt. Lett. 21, 1729-1731 (1996). (Pubitemid 126569133)
2. S. Eaton, W. Chen, H. Zhang, R. Iyer, J. Li, M. Ng, S. Ho, J. S. Aitchison, and P. R. Herman, "Spectral loss characterization of femtosecond laser written waveguides in glass with application to demultiplexing of 1300 and 1550 nm wavelengths," J. Lightwave Technol. 27, 1079-1085 (2009).
3. H. Zhang, S. Eaton, and P. R. Herman, "Single-step writing of Bragg grating waveguides in fused silica with an externally modulated femtosecond fiber laser," Opt. Lett. 32, 2559-2561 (2007). (Pubitemid 351302985)
4. R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Valle, S. Taccheo, R. Ramponi, G. Cerullo, A.r Killi, U. Morgner, M. Lederer, and D. Kopf, "Optical waveguide writing with a diode-pumped femtosecond oscillator," Opt. Lett. 29, 1900-1902 (2004).
5. M. Ams, P. Dekker, G. D. Marshall, and M. J. Withford, "Monolithic 100 mW Yb waveguide laser fabricated using the femtosecond-laser direct-write technique," Opt. Lett. 34, 247-249 (2009).
6. S. Nolte, M. Will, J. Burghoff, and A. Tuennermann, "Femtosecond waveguide writing: a new avenue to threedimensional integrated optics," Appl. Phys. A 77, 109-111 (2003).
7. A. M. Kowalevicz, V. Sharma, E. P. Ippen, J. G. Fujimoto, and K. Minoshima, "Three-dimensional photonic devices fabricated in glass by use of a femtosecond laser oscillator," Opt. Lett. 30, 1060-1062 (2005). (Pubitemid 40749280)
8. K. Suzuki, V. Sharma, J. Fujimoto, E. Ippen, and Y. Nasu, "Characterization of symmetric [3 × 3] directional couplers fabricated by direct writing with a femtosecond laser oscillator," Opt. Express 14, 2335-2343 (2006).
9. S. Eaton, H. Zhang, M. Ng, J. Li, W. Chen, S. Ho, and P. R. Herman, "Transition from thermal diffusion to heat accumulation in high repetition rate femtosecond laser writing of buried optical waveguides," Opt. Express 16, 9443-9458 (2008).
10. Y. Bellouard, T. Colomb, C. Depeursinge, M. Dugan, A. Said, and P. Bado, "Nanoindentation and birefringence measurements on fused silica specimen exposed to low-energy femtosecond pulses," Opt. Express 14, 8360-8366 (2006) (Pubitemid 44331054)
11. V. R. Bhardwaj, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, E. Simova, and R. S. Taylor, "Stress in femtosecondlaser-written waveguides in fused silica," Opt. Lett. 29, 1312-1314 (2004).
12. P. Yang, G. R. Burns, J. Guo, T. S. Luk, and G. A. Vawter, "Femtosecond laser-pulse-induced birefringence in optically isotropic glass", J. Appl. Phys. 95, 5280 (2004).
13. E. Bricchi, B. Klappauf, and P. Kazansky, "Form birefringence and negative index change created by femtosecond direct writing in transparent materials," Opt. Lett. 29, 119-121 (2004).
14. R. Taylor, C. Hnatovsky, E. Simova, P. Rajeev, D. Rayner and P. Corkum, "Femtosecond laser erasing and rewriting of self-organized planar nanocracks in fused silica glass," Opt. Lett. 32, 2888-2890 (2007). (Pubitemid 351302909)
15. W. Cai, A. R. Libertun, and R. Piestun, "Polarization selective computer-generated holograms realized in glass by femtosecond laser induced nanogratings," Opt. Express 14, 3785-3791 (2006).
16. D. Papazoglou and M. Loulakis, "Embedded birefringent computer-generated holograms fabricated by femtosecond laser pulses," Opt. Lett. 31, 1441-1443 (2006). (Pubitemid 44014462)
17. M. Beresna and P. G. Kazansky, "Polarization diffraction grating produced by femtosecond laser nanostructuring in glass," Opt. Lett. 35, 1662-1664 (2010).
18. L. Ramirez, M. Heinrich, S. Richter, F. Dreisow, R. Keil, A. Korovin, U. Peschel, S. Nolte, and A. Tunnermann, "Tuning the structural properties of femtosecond-laser-induced nanogratings," Appl. Phys. A 100, 1-6 (2010).
19. G. Marshall, A. Politi, J. Matthews, P. Dekker, M. Ams, M. Withford, and J. O'Brien, "Laser written waveguide photonic quantum circuits," Opt. Express 17, 12546-12554 (2009).
20. L. Sansoni, F. Sciarrino, G. Vallone, P. Mataloni, A. Crespi, R. Ramponi, and R. Osellame, "Polarization entangled state measurement on a chip," Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 200503 (2010).
21. C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard, "Quantum cryptography: public key distribution and coin tossing," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing, Bangalore, India, 1984 (IEEE, New York,1984), 175-179
22. C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard, "Quantum cryptography: public key distribution and coin tossing," in IBM Tech. Discl. Bull. 28, 31533163 (1985).
23. S. Betti, G. De Marchis, and E. Iannone, "Polarization modulated direct detection optical transmission systems," J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 1985-1997 (1992).
24. L. Shah, A. Arai, S. Eaton, and P. R. Herman, "Waveguide writing in fused silica with a femtosecond fiber laser at 522 nm and 1 MHz repetition rate," Opt. Express 13, 1999-2006 (2005). (Pubitemid 40548760)
25. W. Chen, S. Eaton, H. Zhang, and P. R. Herman, "Broadband directional couplers fabricated in bulk glass with high repetition rate femtosecond laser pulses," Opt. Express 16, 11470-11480 (2008).
26. R. Hereth, and G. Schiffner, "Broad-band optical directional couplers and polarization splitters," J. Lightwave Technol. 7, 925-930 (1989).
27. L. Zhang, C. Yang, C. Yu, T. Luo, and A. Willner, "PCF-based polarization splitters with simplified structures," J. Lightwave Technol. 23, 3558- (2005).
28. Y. Yue, L. Zhang, J. Yang, R. Beausoleil, and A. Willner, "Silicon-on-insulator polarization splitter using two horizontally slotted waveguides," Opt. Lett. 35, 1364-1366 (2010).