The potential for LOXL2 as a target for future cancer treatment

Future Oncology

Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 707-710

  Barker, Holly E ^a   Erler, Janine T ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF CANCER RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

epithelial mesenchymal transition; extracellular matrix; fibrosis; lysyl oxidase like 2; metastasis

Indexed keywords

3 AMINOPROPIONITRILE; AMINE OXIDASE (FLAVIN CONTAINING); COLLAGEN TYPE 1; CYSTEINE; FOCAL ADHESION KINASE; GELATINASE B; LOXL2 PROTEIN; MESSENGER RNA; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; PENICILLAMINE; PROTEIN; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR; SHORT HAIRPIN RNA; TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SNAIL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UVOMORULIN;

ADHERENT CELL; BILE DUCT CANCER; BONE METASTASIS; BREAST CANCER; CANCER CELL; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER INHIBITION; CANCER INVASION; CANCER SURVIVAL; CANCER THERAPY; CATALYSIS; CELL ADHESION; CELL DEATH; CELL MOTILITY; COLON CANCER; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENZYME ACTIVATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ESOPHAGUS CANCER; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; FIBROSIS; GENE SILENCING; HEAD AND NECK CANCER; HUMAN; HYPOXIA; LIVER FIBROSIS; LIVER METASTASIS; LUNG FIBROSIS; LUNG METASTASIS; METASTASIS; PANCREAS CANCER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; PROTEIN CROSS LINKING; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN MOTIF; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS REGULATION; PROTEIN TARGETING; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STOMACH CANCER; UPREGULATION;

AMINO ACID OXIDOREDUCTASES; ENZYME INHIBITORS; HUMANS; MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPY; NEOPLASMS;

EID: 79959393307     PISSN: 14796694     EISSN: 17448301     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/fon.11.46     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Steeg PS: Tumor metastasis: mechanistic insights and clinical challenges. Nat. Med. 12, 895-904 (2006) (Pubitemid 44175140)
2. Saito H, Papaconstantinou J, Sato H, Goldstein S: Regulation of a novel gene encoding a lysyl oxidase-related protein in cellular adhesion and senescence. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 8157-8160 (1997) (Pubitemid 27147766)
3. Molnar J, Fong KS, He QP et al.: Structural and functional diversity of lysyl oxidase and the LOX-like proteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1647, 220-224 (2003) (Pubitemid 38234659)
4. Kim YM, Kim EC, Kim Y: The human lysyl oxidase-like 2 protein functions as an amine oxidase toward collagen and elastin. Mol. Biol. Rep. 38, 145-149 (2011)
5. Vadasz Z, Kessler O, Akiri G et al.: Abnormal deposition of collagen around hepatocytes in Wilson's disease is associated with hepatocyte specific expression of lysyl oxidase and lysyl oxidase like protein-2 J. Hepatol. 43, 499-507 (2005) (Pubitemid 41111433)
6. Kagan HM, Li W: Lysyl oxidase: properties, specificity, and biological roles inside and outside of the cell. J. Cell. Biochem. 88, 660-672 (2003) (Pubitemid 36258816)
7. Barry-Hamilton V, Spangler R, Marshall D et al.: Allosteric inhibition of lysyl oxidase-like-2 impedes the development of a pathologic microenvironment. Nat. Med. 16, 1009-1017 (2010)
8. Rodriguez HM, Vaysberg M, Mikels A et al.: Modulation of lysyl oxidase-like 2 enzymatic activity by an allosteric antibody inhibitor. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 20964-20974 (2010)
9. Csiszar K: Lysyl oxidases: a novel multifunctional amine oxidase family. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 70, 1-32 (2001) (Pubitemid 33804681)
10. Schietke R, Warnecke C, Wacker I et al.: The lysyl oxidases LOX and LOXL2 are necessary and sufficient to repress E-cadherin in hypoxia: insights into cellular transformation processes mediated by HIF-1 J. Biol. Chem. 285, 6658-6669 (2010)
11. Sumual S, Saad S, Tang O et al.: Differential regulation of Snail by hypoxia and hyperglycemia in human proximal tubule cells. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 42, 1689-1697 (2010)
12. Peinado H, Del Carmen Iglesias-de la Cruz M, Olmeda D et al.: A molecular role for lysyl oxidase-like 2 enzyme in snail regulation and tumor progression. EMBO J. 24, 3446-3458 (2005) (Pubitemid 41486782)
13. Cano A, Perez-Moreno MA, Rodrigo I et al.: The transcription factor snail controls epithelial-mesenchymal transitions by repressing E-cadherin expression. Nat. Cell Biol. 2, 76-83 (2000)
14. Li T, Li D, Cheng L et al.: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by hepatitis C virus core protein in cholangiocarcinoma. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 17, 1937-1944 (2010)
15. Nakken KE, Nygard S, Haaland T et al.: Multiple inflammatory-, tissue remodelling-and fibrosis genes are differentially transcribed in the livers of Abcb4(-/-) mice harbouring chronic cholangitis. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 42, 1245-1255 (2007) (Pubitemid 47537083)
16. Kirschmann DA, Seftor EA, Fong SF et al.: A molecular role for lysyl oxidase in breast cancer invasion. Cancer Res. 62, 4478-4483 (2002) (Pubitemid 34827311)
17. Fong SF, Dietzsch E, Fong KS et al.: Lysyl oxidase-like 2 expression is increased in colon and esophageal tumors and associated with less differentiated colon tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 46, 644-655 (2007) (Pubitemid 46802331)
18. Sano M, Aoyagi K, Takahashi H et al.: Forkhead box A1 transcriptional pathway in KRT7-expressing esophageal squamous cell carcinomas with extensive lymph node metastasis. Int. J. Oncol. 36, 321-330 (2010)
19. Grutzmann R, Foerder M, Alldinger I et al.: Gene expression profiles of microdissected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Virchows Arch. 443, 508-517 (2003) (Pubitemid 37363377)
20. Peinado H, Moreno-Bueno G, Hardisson D et al.: Lysyl oxidase-like 2 as a new poor prognosis marker of squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Res. 68, 4541-4550 (2008)
21. Chung CH, Parker JS, Ely K et al.: Gene expression profiles identify epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and activation of nuclear factor-kB signaling as characteristics of a high-risk head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 66, 8210-8218 (2006) (Pubitemid 44299189)
22. Akiri G, Sabo E, Dafni H et al.: Lysyl oxidase-related protein-1 promotes tumor fibrosis and tumor progression in vivo. Cancer Res. 63, 1657-1666 (2003) (Pubitemid 36373659)
23. Kanazawa T, Watanabe T, Kazama S, Tada T, Koketsu S, Nagawa H: Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and mucinous carcinoma of the colon and rectum show higher rates of loss of heterozygosity and loss of E-cadherin expression due to methylation of promoter region. Int. J. Cancer 102, 225-229 (2002) (Pubitemid 35222288)
24. Peng L, Ran YL, Hu H et al.: Secreted LOXL2 is a novel therapeutic target that promotes gastric cancer metastasis via the Src/FAK pathway. Carcinogenesis 30, 1660-1669 (2009)
25. Sebban S, Davidson B, Reich R: Lysyl oxidase-like 4 is alternatively spliced in an anatomic site-specific manner in tumors involving the serosal cavities. Virchows Arch. 454, 71-79 (2009)
26. Barker HE, Chang J, Cox TR et al.: LOXL2-mediated matrix remodeling in metastasis and mammary gland involution. Cancer Res. 71(5), 1561-1572 (2011)
27. Brekhman V, Neufeld G: A novel asymmetric 3D in vitro assay for the study of tumor cell invasion. BMC Cancer 9, 415 (2009)
28. Ruckert F, Joensson P, Saeger HD, Grutzmann R, Pilarsky C: Functional analysis of LOXL2 in pancreatic carcinoma. Int. J. Colorectal Dis. 25, 303-311 (2010)
29. Hollosi P, Yakushiji JK, Fong KS, Csiszar K, Fong SF: Lysyl oxidase-like 2 promotes migration in noninvasive breast cancer cells but not in normal breast epithelial cells. Int. J. Cancer 125, 318-327 (2009)
30. Offenberg H, Brunner N, Mansilla F, Orntoft Torben F, Birkenkamp-Demtroder K: TIMP-1 expression in human colorectal cancer is associated with TGF-ß1, LOXL2, INHBA1, TNF-AIP6 and TIMP-2 transcript profiles. Mol. Oncol. 2, 233-240 (2008)
31. Colpaert C, Vermeulen P, Van Marck E, Dirix L: The presence of a fibrotic focus is an independent predictor of early metastasis in lymph node-negative breast cancer patients. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 25, 1557-1558 (2001) (Pubitemid 33096974)
32. Hasebe T, Mukai K, Tsuda H, Ochiai A: New prognostic histological parameter of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: clinicopathological significance of fibrotic focus. Pathol. Int. 50, 263-272 (2000) (Pubitemid 30441277)
33. Hasebe T, Imoto S, Yokose T, Ishii G, Iwasaki M, Wada N: Histopathologic factors significantly associated with initial organ-specific metastasis by invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: a prospective study. Hum. Pathol. 39, 681-693 (2008)
34. Colpaert C, Vermeulen P, Jeuris W et al.: Early distant relapse in node-negative' breast cancer patients is not predicted by occult axillary lymph node metastases, but by the features of the primary tumour. J. Pathol. 193, 442-449 (2001) (Pubitemid 32266812)
35. Colpaert C, Vermeulen P, van Beest P et al.: Intratumoral hypoxia resulting in the presence of a fibrotic focus is an independent predictor of early distant relapse in lymph node-negative breast cancer patients. Histopathology 39, 416-425 (2001) (Pubitemid 32990095)
36. Hasebe T, Tsuda H, Hirohashi S et al.: Fibrotic focus in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast: a significant histopathological prognostic parameter for predicting the long-term survival of the patients. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 49, 195-208 (1998) (Pubitemid 28416785)
37. Ellenrieder V, Alber B, Lacher U et al.: Role of MT-MMPs and MMP-2 in pancreatic cancer progression. Int. J. Cancer 85, 14-20 (2000)
38. Nishimura R, Hasebe T, Tsubono Y et al.: The fibrotic focus in advanced colorectal carcinoma: a hitherto unrecognized histological predictor for liver metastasis. Virchows Arch. 433, 517-522 (1998) (Pubitemid 28561183)
39. Okamoto T, Tsuburaya A, Kameda Y et al.: Prognostic value of extracapsular invasion and fibrotic focus in single lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 11, 160-167 (2008)
40. Sawada S, Murakami K, Murata J, Tsukada K, Saiki I: Accumulation of extracellular matrix in the liver induces high metastatic potential of hepatocellular carcinoma to the lung. Int. J. Oncol. 19, 65-70 (2001)
41. Watanabe I, Hasebe T, Sasaki S et al.: Advanced pancreatic ductal cancer: fibrotic focus and b-catenin expression correlate with outcome. Pancreas 26, 326-333 (2003) (Pubitemid 36529956)
42. Ingber DE: Can cancer be reversed by engineering the tumor microenvironment? Semin. Cancer Biol. 18, 356-364 (2008)
43. Tsang IK, Patterson CA, Stein HB, Robinson HS, Ford DK: d-penicillamine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 20, 666-670 (1977)
44. Epstein O, Jain S, Lee RG et al.: d-penicillamine treatment improves survival in primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 1, 1275-1277 (1981) (Pubitemid 11111349)
45. Van Caillie-Bertrand M, Degenhart HJ, Luijendijk I, Bouquet J, Sinaasappel M: Wilson's disease: assessment of d-penicillamine treatment. Arch. Dis. Child. 60, 652-655 (1985) (Pubitemid 15006929)
46. Halperin EC, Thier SO, Rosenberg LE: The use of d-penicillamine in cystinuria: efficacy and untoward reactions. Yale J. Biol. Med. 54, 439-446 (1981) (Pubitemid 12119519)
47. Kean WF, Dwosh IL, Anastassiades TP, Ford PM, Kelly HG: The toxicity pattern of d-penicillamine therapy. A guide to its use in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 23, 158-164 (1980) (Pubitemid 10164321)
48. Stein HB, Chalmers A, Schroeder ML, Dillon A: Selected adverse reactions of d-penicillamine. Clin. Invest. Med. 7, 73-76 (1984). (Pubitemid 14113754)