Learning Adinkra symbols: The effect of testing

Journal of Cognitive Psychology

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 351-357

  Coppens, Leonora C ^a   Verkoeijen, Peter P J L ^a   Rikers, Remy M J P ^a  

^a ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Learning; Memory; Testing

Indexed keywords

ADINKRA; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INFORMATION; LEARNING; LONG TERM MEMORY; MALE; MEMORY CONSOLIDATION; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; MENTAL TEST; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SYMBOLISM; WORD RECOGNITION; ADINKRA SYMBOL; MEMORY; NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION; TASK PERFORMANCE;

EID: 79959328818     PISSN: 20445911     EISSN: 2044592X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2011.507188     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Baayen, R. H., Piepenbrock, R., & van Rijn, H. (1993). The CELEX lexical database [CD-ROM]. Philadelphia, PA: Linguistic Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania.
2. Bangert-Drowns, R. L., Kulik, J. A., & Kulik, C. C. (1991). Effects of frequent classroom testing. Journal of Educational Research, 85, 89-99.
3. Butler, A. C., & Roediger, H. L. (2007). Testing improves long-term retention in a simulated classroom setting. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 19, 514-527. (Pubitemid 47026997)
4. Carpenter, S. K., & DeLosh, E. L. (2005). Application of the testing and spacing effects to name learning. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 19, 619-636. (Pubitemid 41051435)
5. Carpenter, S. K., & Pashler, H. (2007). Testing beyond words: Using tests to enhance visuospatial map learning. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 14, 474-478.
6. Carpenter, S. K., Pashler, H., Wixted, J. T., & Vul, E. (2008). The effects of tests on learning and forgetting. Memory and Cognition, 36, 438-448. (Pubitemid 351928210)
7. Chan, J. C. K., McDermott, K. B., & Roediger, H. L. (2006). Retrieval-induced facilitation: Initially nontested material can benefit from prior testing of related material. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 135, 553-571. (Pubitemid 44706759)
8. Gates, A. I. (1917). Recitation as a factor in memorizing. Archives of Psychology, 40, 1-104.
9. Johnson, C. I., & Mayer, R. E. (2009). A testing effect with multimedia learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101, 621-629.
10. Kang, S. H. K. (2009, November). Enhancing visuospatial learning: The benefit of retrieval practice. Poster presented at the 50th annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Boston.
11. Landauer, T. K., & Bjork, R. A. (1978). Optimum rehearsal patterns and name learning. In Practical aspects of memory (pp. 625-632). London, UK: Academic Press.
12. MacDonald, J. (2001). West African wisdom: Adinkra symbols and meanings. In Adinkra Symbols of West Africa. Retrieved 29 July 2009, from http://www.adinkra.org
13. McDaniel, M. A., Anderson, J. L., Derbish, M. H., & Morrisette, N. (2007). Testing the testing effect in the classroom. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 19, 494-513. (Pubitemid 47026993)
14. Pashler, H., Rohrer, D., Cepeda, N. J., & Carpenter, S. K. (2007). Enhancing learning and retarding forgetting: Choices and consequences. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 14, 187-193.
15. Pyc, M. A., & Rawson, K. A. (2009). Testing the retrieval effort hypothesis: Does greater difficulty correctly recalling information lead to higher levels of memory? Journal of Memory and Language, 60, 437-447.
16. Roediger, H. L., & Karpicke, J. D. (2006a). The power of testing memory: Basic research and implications for educational practice. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1, 181-210.
17. Roediger, H. L., & Karpicke, J. D. (2006b). Test-enhanced learning: Taking memory tests improves long-term retention. Psychological Science, 17, 249-255.
18. Slamecka, N. J., & Katsaiti, L. T. (1987). The generation effect as an artifact of selective displaced rehearsal. Journal of Memory and Language, 26, 589-607.
19. Toppino, T. C., & Cohen, M. S. (2009). The testing effect and the retention interval: Questions and answers. Experimental Psychology, 56, 252-257.
20. Vanderplas, J. M., & Garvin, E. A. (1959). The association value of random shapes. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57, 147-154.