The significance of festivals to regional economies: Measuring the economic value of the Grahamstown National Arts Festival in South Africa

Tourism Economics

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 603-624

  Saayman, Melville ^a   Rossouw, Riaan ^a,b  

^a NORTH WEST UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^b Eon Consulting   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Arts festivals; Events; Social accounting matrix; South Africa

Indexed keywords

CONFERENCE PROCEEDING; FESTIVAL; INVESTMENT; QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY; REGIONAL ECONOMY; TOURISM ECONOMICS;

EASTERN CAPE; GRAHAMSTOWN; SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 79959232907     PISSN: 13548166     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5367/te.2011.0049     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (51)

1. Ahlert, G. (2009), 'Estimating the economic impact of an increase in inbound tourism on the German economy using TSA results', Journal of Travel Research, Vol 47, No 3, pp 225-234.
2. Aruna, P. B., Cubbage, F., and Hamilton, R. (1998), Economic Impacts of Forestry on North Carolina, Department of Forestry, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
3. Bowitz, E., and Ibenholt, K. (2009), 'Economic impacts of cultural heritage - research and perspectives', Journal of Cultural Heritage, Vol 10, pp 1-8.
4. Brown, S., and Trimboli, D. (2007), 'Policy shift in the evaluation of South Australian festivals and events (http://dspace.flinders.edu.au/dspace/ handle/2328/12701, accessed 23 February 2011).
5. Cardenete, M. A., and Sancho, F. (2004), 'Reverse impact assessment using a regional social accounting matrix', Environment and Planning A, Vol 36, No 5, pp 937-945. (Pubitemid 38673253)
6. Chowdhury, A., and Kirkpatrick, C. (1994), Development Policy and Planning: An Introduction to Models and Techniques, Routledge, London.
7. Conningarth Consultants (2006a), Disaggregated Social Accounting Matrix for South Africa, North West Province Government Printer, Mafikeng.
8. Conningarth Consultants (2006b), Economic Multipliers for the North West Province, North West Province Government Printer, Mafikeng.
9. Cooper, D. R., and Emory, C. W. (1995), Research Methods, Irwin, Humewood, IL.
10. Crompton, J. (1999) 'Measuring economic impact', Working paper (http://rptsweb.tamu.edu/faculty/crompton.htm, accessed 13 July 2009).
11. Diakomihalis, M. N., and Lagos, D. G. (2008), 'Estimation of the economic impacts of yachting in Greece via the tourism satellite account', Tourism Economics, Vol 14, No 4, pp 871-887.
12. Dunham, J., and Associates (2009), The Meat and Poultry Industry Economic Contribution Study: 2009 (http://www.meatfuelsamerica.com/ Meat%20Impact%20Methodology.pdf, accessed 21 September 2009).
13. Fayos-Sola, E. (1997), 'The impact of mega-events', Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 25, No 1, pp 241-244.
14. Frechtling, D. C., and Horvath, E. (1999), 'Estimating the multiplier effects of tourism expenditures on a local economy through a regional input-output model', Journal of Travel Research, Vol 37, No 4, pp 324-332.
15. Gartner, W. C., and Holecek, D. F. (1983), 'Economic impact of an annual tourism industry exposition', Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 10, pp 199-212.
16. Gelan, A. (2003), 'Local economic impacts: the British Open', Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 30, No 2, pp 406-425. (Pubitemid 36421266)
17. Getzner, M., Spash, C. L., and Stagl, S. (2005), Alternative for Environmental Valuation, Routledge, New York.
18. Grado, S. C., and Lord, B. E. (1998), 'Economic impacts of conferences and conventions', Journal of Convention and Exhibition Management, Vol 1, No 1, pp 33-44.
19. Hajnovicova, V., and Lapisakova, J. (2002), Input-Output and SAM Multiplier Analysis: The Slovak Case, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Input-Output Techniques, 10-15 October, Montreal.
20. Hoyle, L. H. (2002), Event Marketing: How to Successfully Promote Events, Festivals, Conventions, and Expositions, John Wiley & sons Inc, New York.
21. Jackson, M. J., and O'Sullivan, D. (2002), 'Festival tourism: a contributor to sustainable local economic development?', Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol 10, No 4, pp 325-342. (Pubitemid 36175028)
22. Jago, L., and Dwyer, L. (2006), Economic Evaluation of Special Events: A Practitioner's Guide, Common Ground Publishing, Victoria.
23. Kang, Y. S., and Perdue, R. (1994), 'Long-term impact of a mega event on international tourism to the host country: a conceptual model and the case of the 1988 Seoul Olympics', Journal of International Consumer Marketing, Vol 6, No 3/4, pp 250-275.
24. Kim, C. W., Scott, D., Thigpen, J. F., and Kim, S. (1998), 'Economic impact of a birding festival', Festival Management and Event Tourism, Vol 5, pp 51-58.
25. Kottke, M. (1988), 'Estimating economic impacts of tourism', Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 15, pp 122-133.
26. Long, P. T., and Perdue, R. R. (1990), 'The economic impact of rural festivals and special events: assessing the spatial distribution of expenditures', Journal of Travel Research, Vol 28, No 4, pp 10-14.
27. Nijkamp, P. (2004) Environmental Economics and Evaluation, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Northampton, MA.
28. Oh, C. (2005), 'The contribution of tourism development to economic growth in the Korean economy', Tourism Management, Vol 26, No 1, pp 39-44. (Pubitemid 39428218)
29. PROVIDE (2006), 'Compiling national, multiregional and regional Social Accounting Matrices for South Africa', PROVIDE Technical Paper, 2006:1.
30. Pyatt, G., and Round, J. I. (1985), SAMs: A Basis for Planning, The World Bank, Washington, DC.
31. Raa, T. T., and Sahoo, A. (2005), 'Competitive pressure on the Indian household: a general equilibrium approach', Economic Systems Research, Vol 19, pp 57-71.
32. Randall, J. E., and Warf, B. (1996), 'Economic impacts of AAG conferences', Professional Geographer, Vol 48, No 3, pp 272-284.
33. Ritchie, J. R. B., and Goeldner, C. R. (1994), Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Research. A Handbook for Managers and Researchers, 2nd edn, Wiley, New York.
34. Rhodes, J. A. (2000), 'Economic implications of domestic tourist spending in the North West Province', unpublished M. Com dissertation, Potchefstroom University for CHE, Potchefstroom.
35. Ryan, C. (1998), 'Economic impacts of small events: estimates and determinants - a New Zealand example', Tourism Economics, Vol 4, No 4, pp 339-352. (Pubitemid 29221320)
36. Saayman, A., and Saayman, M. (1997), 'The economic impact of tourism on the South African economy', South African Journal for Economic and Management Science, Vol 21, pp 162-174.
37. Saayman, A., and Saayman, M. (2006), 'Does the location at arts festivals matter for economic impact?', Papers in Regional Science, Vol 85, No 4, pp 569-584. (Pubitemid 44942365)
38. Saayman, M. (2007), En Route with Tourism: An introductory Text, Leisure Consultants and Publications, Potchefstroom.
39. Saayman, M., and Rossouw, R. (2008), 'The economic value of the 2010 Soccer World Cup', Acta Commercii, Vol 8, pp 1-14.
40. Saayman, M., and Saayman, A. (2004), 'Economic impact of cultural events', South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, Vol 7, No 4, pp 629-641.
41. Saayman, M., and Saayman, A. (2008), Why Travel Motivation and Socio-demographics Matter in Managing a National Park, 1st QATEM (Quantitative approaches in Tourism Economics and Management), Perpignan.
42. Samuelson, P. A. (1970), Economics, Eighth Edition, McGraw-Hill Inc, Kogakusha.
43. Slabbert, E., Saayman, M., Saayman, A., Kruger, M., and Viviers, P. (2009), The Socio-economic Impact of Visitors to the ABSA KKNK in Oudtshoorn 2009, Institute for Tourism and Leisure Studies, Potchefstroom.
44. Smeral E. (2003), 'A structural view of tourism growth', Tourism Economics, Vol 9, No 1, pp 77-93.
45. Stynes, D. (1999) Approaches to Estimating the Economic Impacts of Tourism: Some Examples, Michigan State University Press, East Lansing, MI.
46. Van der Merwe, P., and Saayman, M. (2008), 'Travel motivations of tourists visiting Kruger National Park', Koedoe+, Vol 50, No 1, pp 154-159.
47. Van Heerden, A. (2003), 'The economic impact of the Aardklop National Arts Festival in Potchefstroom', M. Com Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, Potchefstroom, 105 p.
48. Wagner, J. E. (1997), 'Estimating the economic impacts of tourism', Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 24, pp 592-608. (Pubitemid 127424410)
49. Walpole, M. J., and Goodwin, H. J. (2000), 'Local economic impacts of dragon tourism in Indonesia', Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 27, No 3, pp 559-576. (Pubitemid 30228895)
50. Wing, I. S., and Anderson, W. P. (2004), 'Modelling small area economic change in conjunction with a multiregional CGE model', paper read at the session on spatial evolution and modelling at the World Conference of the Regional Science Association International, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, 14-16 April 2004.
51. Zhou, D., Yanagida, J. F., Chakravorty, U., and Lueng, P. (1997), 'Estimating economic impacts from tourism', Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 24, No 1, pp 76-89.