A 35-year longitudinal assessment of cognition and midlife depression symptoms: The vietnam era twin study of aging

American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

Volumn 19, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 559-570

  Franz, Carol E ^a   Lyons, Michael J ^b,c   O'Brien, Robert ^a   Panizzon, Matthew S ^a   Kim, Kathleen ^a,e   Bhat, Reshma ^a,e   Grant, Michael D ^c   Toomey, Rosemary ^c   Eisen, Seth ^d   Xian, Hong ^d   Kremen, William S ^a,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e VA SAN DIEGO HEALTHCARE SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

aging; Cognition; depressive symptoms; neuropsychological testing; twin studies

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGING; ARTICLE; COGNITION; DEPRESSION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; HEREDITY; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PREDICTION; RISK FACTOR; SYMPTOM; TWINS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 79958851435     PISSN: 10647481     EISSN: 15457214     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181ef79f1     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Gale CR, Deary IJ, Boyle SH, et al: Cognitive ability in early adulthood and risk of 5 specific psychiatric disorders in middle age: the Vietnam experience study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008; 65:1410-1418
2. Zammit S, Allebeck P, David AS, et al: A longitudinal study of premorbid IQ Score and risk of developing schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, severe depression, and other nonaffective psychoses. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004; 61:354-360 (Pubitemid 38451544)
3. Koenen KC, Moffitt TE, Roberts AL, et al: Childhood IQ and adult mental disorders: a test of the cognitive reserve hypothesis. Am J Psychiatry 2009; 166:50-57
4. Airaksinen E, Larsson M, Lundberg I, et al: Cognitive functions in depressive disorders: evidence from a population-based study. Psychol Med 2004; 34:83-91 (Pubitemid 38139443)
5. Herrmann LL, Goodwin GM, Ebmeier KP: The cognitive neuro-psychology of depression in the elderly. Psychol Med 2007; 37:1693-1702
6. Cui X, Lyness JM, Tu X, et al: Does depression precede or follow executive dysfunction? Outcomes in older primary care patients. Am J Psychiatry 2007; 164:1221-1228 (Pubitemid 47292411)
7. Kindermann SS, Brown GG: Depression and memory in the elderly: a meta-analysis. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1997; 19:625-642 (Pubitemid 28005005)
8. Reppermund S, Ising M, Lucae S, et al: Cognitive impairment in unipolar depression is persistent and non-specific: further evidence for the final common pathway disorder hypothesis. Psychol Med 2009; 39:603-614
9. Simons CJ, Jacobs N, Derom C, et al: Cognition as predictor of current and follow-up depressive symptoms in the general population. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2009; 120:45-52
10. Baune BT, Suslow T, Arolt V, et al: The relationship between psychological dimensions of depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning in the elderly\the MEMO-Study. J Psychiatr Res 2007; 41:247-254 (Pubitemid 44854993)
11. Dotson VM, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB: Differential association of concurrent, baseline, and average depressive symptoms with cognitive decline in older adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008; 16:318-330
12. Rabbitt P, Lunn M, Ibrahim S, et al: Unhappiness, health and cognitive ability in old age. Psychol Med 2008; 38:229-236 (Pubitemid 351156597)
13. Lessov-Schlaggar CN, Swan GE, Reed T, et al: Longitudinal genetic analysis of executive function in elderly men. Neurobiol Aging 2007; 28:1759-1768 (Pubitemid 47384953)
14. Christensen MV, Kyvik KO, Kessing LV: Cognitive function in unaffected twins discordant for affective disorder. Psychol Med 2006; 36:1119-1129 (Pubitemid 44084015)
15. Gatz M, Mortimer JA, Fratiglioni L, et al: Accounting for the relationship between low education and dementia: a twin study. Physiol Behav 2007; 92:232-237 (Pubitemid 47374243)
16. Alexopoulos GS, Kiosses DN, Heo M, et al: Executive dysfunction and the course of geriatric depression. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 58:204-210 (Pubitemid 41112268)
17. Butters MA, Young JB, Lopez O, et al: Pathways linking late-life depression to persistent cognitive impairment and dementia. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2008; 10:345-357
18. Kiosses DN, Klimstra S, Murphy C, et al: Executive dysfunction and disability in elderly patients with major depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001; 9:269-274 (Pubitemid 32642978)
19. Gualtieri CT, Johnson LG: Age-related cognitive decline in patients with mood disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:962-967 (Pubitemid 351622089)
20. Ownby RL, Crocco E, Acevedo A, et al: Depression and risk for Alzheimer disease: systematic review, meta-analysis, and metare-gression analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006; 63:530538
21. Eisen SA, True WR, Goldberg J, et al: The Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry: method of construction. Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) 1987; 36:61-66
22. Henderson WG, Eisen SE, Goldberg J, et al: The Vietnam Era Twin Registry: a resource for medical research. Public Health Rep 1990; 105:368-373 (Pubitemid 20264620)
23. Eisen SA, Neuman R, Goldberg J, et al: Determining zygosity in the Vietnam Era Twin Registry: an approach using questionnaires. Clin Genet 1989; 35:423-432 (Pubitemid 19149831)
24. Tsuang MT, Bar JL, Harley RM, et al: The Harvard Twin Study of Substance Abuse: what we have learned. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2001; 9:267-279 (Pubitemid 33010369)
25. Kremen WS, Thompson-Brenner H, Leung YM, et al: Genes, environment, and time: The Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA). Twin Res Hum Genet 2006; 9:1009-1022 (Pubitemid 46093794)
26. Radloff LS: The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Measur 1977; 1:385-401
27. Rush A, Pincus H, First M, et al: Handbook of Psychiatric Measures. Washington, American Psychiatric Association, 2000
28. Uhlaner JE: Development of the Armed Forces Qualification Test and predecessor army screening tests, 1946-1950. PRB Report 1952
29. Orme DR, Brehm W, Ree MJ: Armed Forces Qualification Test as a measure of premorbid intelligence. Mil Psychol 2001; 13:187-197 (Pubitemid 33688146)
30. Wechsler D: Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. 3rd ed. San Antinio, TX, Psychological Corporation, 1997
31. Delis DC, Kaplan E, Kramer JH: Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Technical Manual. San Antonio, TX, Psychological Corporation, 2001
32. Golden CJ: Stroop Color and Word Test: A Manual for Clinical and Experimental Uses. Chicago, IL, Skoelting, 1978
33. Stroop JR: Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J Exp Psychol 1935; 18:643-662
34. Delis DC, Kramer JH, Kaplan E, et al: California Verbal Learning Test. 2nd ed. San Antonio, TX, Psychological Corporation, 2000
35. Wechsler D: Manual for the Wechsler Memory Scale. 3rd ed. San Antonio, TX, Psychological Corporation, 1997
36. Thurstone LL: A Factorial Study of Perception. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1944
37. Ekstrom RB, French JW, Harmon HH: Manual for Kit of Factor-Referenced Cognitive Tests. Princeton, NJ, Educational Testing Service, 1976
38. Paul CA, Au R, Fredman L, et al: Association of alcohol consumption with brain volume in the Framingham study. Arch Neurol 2008; 65:1363-1367
39. Barnes DE, Alexopoulos GS, Lopez OL, et al: Depressive symptoms, vascular disease, and mild cognitive impairment: findings from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006; 63:273-279
40. Elwood PC, Gallacher JE, Hopkinson CA, et al: Smoking, drinking, and other life style factors and cognitive function in men in the Caerphilly cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health 1999; 53: 9-14 (Pubitemid 29012344)
41. Batty GD, Shipley MJ, Dundas R, et al: Does IQ explain socioeco-nomic differentials in total and cardiovascular disease mortality? Comparison with the explanatory power of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Vietnam Experience Study. Eur Heart J 2009; 30:1903-1909
42. Chobanian A, Bakris G, Black H, et al: Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2003; 42:12061252
43. Carmelli D, Selby JV, Quiroga J, et al: 16-year incidence of isch-emic heart disease in the NHLBI twin study. A classification of subjects into high and low-risk groups. Ann Epidemiol 1994; 4:198-204 (Pubitemid 24154298)
44. SAS Version 9.2. Cary, NC, The SAS Institute, Inc., 2002
45. Neale MC, Boker SM, Maes HH: Mx: Structural Modeling. 6th ed. Richmond, VA, Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychiatry, 2002
46. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Health Data for All Ages. National Center for Health Statistics. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ health data for all ages.htm. Accessed April 20, 2007
47. National Center for Disease Statistics: Prevalence of Selected Chronic Conditions by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: United States, 1997-2004. NHIS, 2004
48. Lyons MJ, York TP, Franz CE, et al: Genes determine stability and the environment determines change in cognitive ability during 35 years of adulthood. Psychol Sci 2009; 20: 1146-1152
49. Franz CE, Pannizon M, Lyons MJ, et al: Male depression and adult attachment styles: genetic and environmental influences [Abstract]. Am J Med Genet (Neuropsychiatr Genet) 2006; 141B:742
50. Cohen J: Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2 ed. Hillsdale, NY, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988
51. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Ridder EM: Show me the child at seven. II. Childhood intelligence and later outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2005; 46:850-858 (Pubitemid 41633091)
52. Hatch SL, Jones PB, Kuh D, et al: Childhood cognitive ability and adult mental health in the British 1946 birth cohort. Soc Sci Med 2007; 64:2285-2296 (Pubitemid 46678581)
53. Gatz M, Pedersen NL, Plomin R, et al: Importance of shared genes and shared environments for symptoms of depression in older adults. J Abnorm Psychol 1992; 101:701-708
54. Gale CR, Batty GD, Deary IJ: Locus of control at age 10 years and health outcomes and behaviors at age 30 years: the 1970 British Cohort Study. Psychosom Med 2008; 70:397-403
55. Weiss A, Gale CR, Batty GD, et al: Emotionally stable, intelligent men live longer: the Vietnam Experience Study cohort. Psychosom Med 2009; 71:385-394
56. Bosma H, van Boxtel MP, Kempen GI, et al: To what extent does IQ "explain" socio-economic variations in function? BMC Public Health 2007; 7:179
57. Groffen DA, Bosma H, van den Akker M, et al: Material deprivation and health-related dysfunction in older Dutch people: findings from the SMILE study. Eur J Public Health 2008; 18:258-263 (Pubitemid 351786634)
58. Hotez PJ: Neglected diseases and poverty in "The Other America": The greatest health disparity in the United States? PLoS: Neglected Tropical Diseases 2007; 1:e149
59. Judd LL, Rapaport MH, Paulus MP, et al: Subsyndromal symptomatic depression: a new mood disorder? J Clin Psychiatry 1994; 55(suppl):18-28 (Pubitemid 24135964)