메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 92, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 517-526

Effects of environmental variability and breeding experience on northern elephant seal demography

Author keywords

climate; El Ni o; El Ni o Southern Oscillation (ENSO); mammal; Mirounga angustirostris; Phocidae; reproductive success; survival

Indexed keywords

BREEDING; CLIMATE CHANGE; DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS; PINNIPED; PROBABILITY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SURVIVAL; TEMPORAL VARIATION;

EID: 79958847870     PISSN: 00222372     EISSN: 15451542     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1644/10-MAMM-A-042.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (9)

References (77)
  • 2
    • 15244361323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental conditions and breeding experience affect costs of reproduction in Blue Petrels
    • BARBRAUD, C., AND H. WEIMERSKIRCH. 2005. Environmental conditions and breeding experience affect costs of reproduction in blue petrels. Ecology 86:682-692. (Pubitemid 40383866)
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , Issue.3 , pp. 682-692
    • Barbraud, C.1    Weimerskirch, H.2
  • 3
    • 4644251219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • At-sea distribution of female southern elephant seals relative to variation in ocean surface properties
    • DOI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.07.012, PII S1054313904001183
    • BRADSHAW, C. J. A., J. HIGGINS, K. J. MICHAEL, S. J. WOTHERSPOON, AND M. A. HINDELL. 2004. At-sea distribution of female southern elephant seals relative to variation in ocean surface properties. ICES Journal of Marine Science 61:1014-1027. (Pubitemid 39301136)
    • (2004) ICES Journal of Marine Science , vol.61 , Issue.6 , pp. 1014-1027
    • Bradshaw, C.J.A.1    Higgins, J.2    Michael, K.J.3    Wotherspoon, S.J.4    Hindell, M.A.5
  • 4
    • 20444406135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are age-related variations in breeding performance greatest when food availability is limited?
    • DOI 10.1017/S0952836905006734
    • BUNCE, A., S. J. WARD, AND F. I. NORMAN. 2005. Are age-related variations in breeding performance greatest when food availability is limited? Journal of Zoology (London) 266:163-169. (Pubitemid 40802172)
    • (2005) Journal of Zoology , vol.266 , Issue.2 , pp. 163-169
    • Bunce, A.1    Ward, S.J.2    Norman, F.I.3
  • 6
    • 0034122549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apparent inferiority of first-time breeders in the kittiwake: The role of heterogeneity among age classes
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00400.x
    • CAM, E., AND J.-Y. MONNAT. 2000. Apparent inferiority of first-time breeders in the kittiwake: the role of heterogeneity among age class. Journal of Animal Ecology 69:380-394. (Pubitemid 30354665)
    • (2000) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.69 , Issue.3 , pp. 380-394
    • Cam, E.1    Monnat, J.-Y.2
  • 8
    • 0028980863 scopus 로고
    • Body condition and seabird reproductive performance: A study of three petrel species
    • CHASTEL, O., H. WEIMERSKIRCH, AND P. JOUVENTIN. 1995. Body condition and seabird reproductive performance: a study of three petrel species. Ecology 76:2240-2246. (Pubitemid 26449315)
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , Issue.7 , pp. 2240-2246
    • Chastel, O.1    Weimerskirch, H.2    Jouventin, P.3
  • 9
    • 0028161017 scopus 로고
    • The estimation of age-specific breeding probabilities from recaptures or resightings in vertebrate populations: II. Longitudinal models
    • DOI 10.2307/2533381
    • CLOBERT, J., J.-D. LEBRETON, D. ALLAINE, AND J. M. GAILLARD. 1994. The estimation of age-specific breeding probabilities from recaptures or resightings in vertebrate populations: II. Longitudinal models. Biometrics 50:375-387. (Pubitemid 24230618)
    • (1994) Biometrics , vol.50 , Issue.2 , pp. 375-387
    • Clobert, J.1    Lebreton, J.-D.2    Allaine, D.3    Gaillard, J.M.4
  • 11
  • 12
    • 0002487574 scopus 로고
    • The influence of the pair bond and age on the breeding biology of the kittiwake gull, Rissa tridactyla
    • COULSON, J. C. 1966. The influence of the pair bond and age on the breeding biology of the kittiwake gull, Rissa tridactyla. Journal of Animal Ecology 35:269-279.
    • (1966) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.35 , pp. 269-279
    • Coulson, J.C.1
  • 15
    • 0026301299 scopus 로고
    • Population regulation of seabirds: Implications of their demography for conservation
    • (C. M. Perrins, J.-D. Lebreton, and G. J. M. Hiron, eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom
    • CROXALL, J. P., AND P. ROTHERY. 1991. Population regulation of seabirds: implications of their demography for conservation. Pp. 272-296 in Bird population studies: their relevance to conservation and management (C. M. Perrins, J.-D. Lebreton, and G. J. M. Hiron, eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom.
    • (1991) Bird Population Studies: Their Relevance to Conservation and Management , pp. 272-296
    • Croxall, J.P.1    Rothery, P.2
  • 16
    • 0037199937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental change and Antarctic seabird populations
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1071987
    • CROXALL, J. P., P. N. TRATHAN, AND E. J. MURRAY. 2002. Environmental change and Antarctic seabird populations. Science 297:1510-1514. (Pubitemid 34970990)
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , Issue.5586 , pp. 1510-1514
    • Croxall, J.P.1    Trathan, P.N.2    Murphy, E.J.3
  • 17
    • 0020903748 scopus 로고
    • Why do young birds reproduce less well?
    • CURIO, E. 1983. Why do young birds reproduce less well? Ibis 125:400-404. (Pubitemid 15275957)
    • (1983) Ibis , vol.125 , Issue.3 , pp. 400-404
    • Curio, E.1
  • 19
    • 85178332603 scopus 로고
    • Sex and age-related variation in reproductive effort of northern elephant seals
    • (B. J. Le Boeuf and R. M. Laws, eds.). University of California Press, Berkeley
    • DEUTSCH, C. J., D. E. CROCKER, D. P. COSTA, AND B. J. LE BOEUF. 1994. Sex and age-related variation in reproductive effort of northern elephant seals. Pp. 169-210 in Elephant seals: population ecology, behavior and physiology (B. J. Le Boeuf and R. M. Laws, eds.). University of California Press, Berkeley.
    • (1994) Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behavior and Physiology , pp. 169-210
    • Deutsch, C.J.1    Crocker, D.E.2    Costa, D.P.3    Boeuf, B.J.L.E.4
  • 21
    • 0031853276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the cost of reproduction in long-lived birds: The influence of environmental variability
    • ERIKSTAD, K. E., P. FAUCHALD, T. TVERRA, AND H. STEEN. 1998. On the cost of reproduction in long-lived birds: the influence of environmental variability. Ecology 79:1781-1788. (Pubitemid 28382449)
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , Issue.5 , pp. 1781-1788
    • Erikstad, K.E.1    Fauchald, P.2    Tveraa, T.3    Steen, H.4
  • 22
    • 0028975975 scopus 로고
    • Age and reproduction in birds- hypotheses and tests
    • FORSLUND, P., AND T. PÄRT. 1995. Age and reproduction in birds- hypotheses and tests. Trends in Evolution & Ecology 10:374-378.
    • (1995) Trends in Evolution & Ecology , vol.10 , pp. 374-378
    • Forslund, P.1    Pärt, T.2
  • 23
    • 0001870672 scopus 로고
    • Interannual shifting of the subarctic boundary and some of the biotic effects on juvenile salmonids
    • (W. S. Wooster and D. L. Fluharty, eds.). Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington, Seattle
    • FULTON, J. D., AND R. J. LEBRASSEUR. 1985. Interannual shifting of the subarctic boundary and some of the biotic effects on juvenile salmonids. Pp. 237-252 in El Niño north (W. S. Wooster and D. L. Fluharty, eds.). Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington, Seattle.
    • (1985) El Niño North , pp. 237-252
    • Fulton, J.D.1    Lebrasseur, R.J.2
  • 25
    • 0031916185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of large herbivores: Variable recruitment with constant adult survival
    • DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01237-8
    • GAILLARD, J.-M., M. FESTA-BIANCHET, AND N. G. YOCCOZ. 1998. Population dynamics of large herbivores: variable recruitment with constant adult survival. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 13:58-63. (Pubitemid 28081008)
    • (1998) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 58-63
    • Gaillard, J.-M.1    Festa-Bianchet, M.2    Yoccoz, N.G.3
  • 28
    • 0000958777 scopus 로고
    • Age-related differences in foraging success in the herring gull (Larus argentatus)
    • GREIG, S. A., J. C. COULSON, AND P. MONAGHAN. 1983. Age-related differences in foraging success in the herring gull (Larus argentatus). Animal Behaviour 31:1237-1243.
    • (1983) Animal Behaviour , vol.31 , pp. 1237-1243
    • Greig, S.A.1    Coulson, J.C.2    Monaghan, P.3
  • 29
    • 34047106768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of maternal characteristics and oceanographic conditions on survival and recruitment probabilities of Weddell seals
    • DOI 10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.15528.x
    • HADLEY, G. L., J. J. ROTELLA, AND R. A. GARROTT. 2007. Influence of maternal characteristics and oceanographic conditions on survival and recruitment probabilities of Weddell seals. Oikos 116:601-613. (Pubitemid 46525300)
    • (2007) Oikos , vol.116 , Issue.4 , pp. 601-613
    • Hadley, G.L.1    Rotella, J.J.2    Garrott, R.A.3
  • 30
    • 79958865456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stock assessment of Pacific hake, Merluccius productus, (a.k.a. whiting) in U.S. and Canadian waters in 2008
    • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington
    • HELSER, T. E., I. J. STEWART, AND O. S. HAMEL. 2008. Stock assessment of Pacific hake, Merluccius productus, (a.k.a. whiting) in U.S. and Canadian waters in 2008. Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington.
    • (2008) Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service
    • Helser, T.E.1    Stewart, I.J.2    Hamel, O.S.3
  • 31
    • 3242673520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem monitoring: Are seals a potential tool for monitoring change in marine systems?
    • (N J. Gales, M. A. Hindell, and R. Kirkwood, eds.). CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia
    • HINDELL, M. A., C. J. A. BRADSHAW, R. G. HARCOURT, AND C. GUINET. 2003. Ecosystem monitoring: are seals a potential tool for monitoring change in marine systems? Pp. 330-343 in Marine mammals fisheries, tourism and management issues (N. J. Gales, M. A. Hindell, and R. Kirkwood, eds.). CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia.
    • (2003) Marine Mammals Fisheries, Tourism and Management Issues , pp. 330-343
    • Hindell, M.A.1    Bradshaw, C.J.A.2    Harcourt, R.G.3    Guinet, C.4
  • 32
    • 0023516457 scopus 로고
    • Natality and weaning success in relation to age of first reproduction in northern elephant seals
    • HUBER, H. R. 1987. Natality and weaning success in relation to age of first reproduction in northern elephant seals. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65:1311-1316.
    • (1987) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.65 , pp. 1311-1316
    • Huber, H.R.1
  • 33
    • 0001666993 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the 1982- 83 El Niño on northern elephant seals on the South Farallon Islands, California
    • (F. Trillmich and K. A. Ono, eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany
    • HUBER, H. R., C. BECKHAM, AND J. NISBET. 1991. Effects of the 1982- 83 El Niño on northern elephant seals on the South Farallon Islands, California. Pp. 219-233 in Pinnipeds and El Niño: responses to environmental stress (F. Trillmich and K. A. Ono, eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
    • (1991) Pinnipeds and El Niño: Responses to Environmental Stress , pp. 219-233
    • Huber, H.R.1    Beckham, C.2    Nisbet, J.3
  • 34
    • 54949159573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change 2007: Synthesis report. Contribution of working groups I, II and III to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (R. K. PACHAURI and A. REISINGER, eds.)
    • INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE Geneva, Switzerland
    • INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE. 2007. Climate change 2007: synthesis report. Contribution of working groups I, II and III to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (R. K. PACHAURI and A. REISINGER, eds.). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland.
    • (2007) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
  • 35
    • 0036195498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive effects of parental age and environmental variation on the breeding performance of Tengmalm's owls
    • DOI 10.1046/j.0021-8790.2001.00570.x
    • LAAKSONEN, T., E. KORPIMÄKI, AND H. HAKKARAINEN. 2002. Interactive effects of parental age and environmental variation on the breeding performance of Tengmalms owls. Journal of Animal Ecology 71:23-31. (Pubitemid 34206885)
    • (2002) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.71 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-31
    • Laaksonen, T.1    Korpimaki, E.2    Hakkarainen, H.3
  • 38
    • 0007981832 scopus 로고
    • Biological effects associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation, 1982-83, on northern elephant seals breeding at Año Nuevo, California
    • (F. Trillmich and K. A. Ono, eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany
    • LE BOEUF, B. J., AND J. REITER. 1991. Biological effects associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation, 1982-83, on northern elephant seals breeding at Año Nuevo, California. Pp. 206-218 in Pinnipeds and El Niño: responses to environmental stress (F. Trillmich and K. A. Ono, eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
    • (1991) Pinnipeds and El Niño: Responses to Environmental Stress , pp. 206-218
    • Boeuf, B.J.L.E.1    Reiter, J.2
  • 39
    • 0015455312 scopus 로고
    • Perinatal behavior of northern elephant seal females and their young
    • LE BOEUF, B. J., R. J. WHITING, AND R. F. GANTT. 1972. Perinatal behavior of northern elephant seal females and their young. Behaviour 43:121-156.
    • (1972) Behaviour , vol.43 , pp. 121-156
    • Boeuf, B.J.L.E.1    Whiting, R.J.2    Gantt, R.F.3
  • 40
    • 0026490966 scopus 로고
    • Modelling survival and testing biological hypotheses using marked animals: A unified approach with case studies
    • LEBRETON, J.-D., K. P. BURNHAM, J. CLOBERT, AND D. R. ANDERSON. 1992. Modelling survival and testing biological hypotheses using marked animals: a unified approach with case studies. Ecological Monographs 62:67-118.
    • (1992) Ecological Monographs , vol.62 , pp. 67-118
    • Lebreton, J.-D.1    Burnham, K.P.2    Clobert, J.3    Anderson, D.R.4
  • 41
    • 0025197952 scopus 로고
    • The estimation of age-specific breeding probabilities from recaptures or resightings in vertebrate populations. I. Transversal models
    • LEBRETON, J.-D., G. HEMERY, J. CLOBERT, AND H. COQUILLART. 1990. The estimation of age-specific breeding probabilities from recaptures or resightings in vertebrate populations. I. Transversal models. Biometrics Journal 46:609-622. (Pubitemid 20333597)
    • (1990) Biometrics , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 609-622
    • Lebreton, J.-D.1    Hemery, G.2    Clobert, J.3    Coquillart, H.4
  • 42
    • 33846996827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate and demography of the planktivorous Cassins auklet Ptychoramphus aleuticus off northern California: Implications for population change
    • LEE, D. E., N. NUR, AND W. J. SYDEMAN. 2007. Climate and demography of the planktivorous Cassins auklet Ptychoramphus aleuticus off northern California: implications for population change. Journal of Animal Ecology 76:337-347.
    • (2007) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 337-347
    • Lee, D.E.1    Nur, N.2    Sydeman, W.J.3
  • 43
    • 61349177936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North Pacific climate mediates offspring sex ratio in northern elephant seals
    • LEE, D. E., AND W. J. SYDEMAN. 2009. North Pacific climate mediates offspring sex ratio in northern elephant seals. Journal of Mammalogy 90:1-8.
    • (2009) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.90 , pp. 1-8
    • Lee, D.E.1    Sydeman, W.J.2
  • 44
    • 66749140403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of individual quality, reproductive success and environmental variability on survival of a long-lived seabird
    • LESCROEL, A., K. M. DUGGER, G. BALLARD, AND D. G. AINLEY. 2009. Effects of individual quality, reproductive success and environmental variability on survival of a long-lived seabird. Journal of Animal Ecology 78:798-806.
    • (2009) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 798-806
    • Lescroel, A.1    Dugger, K.M.2    Ballard, G.3    Ainley, D.G.4
  • 45
    • 0000858171 scopus 로고
    • Suggestions for calculating nest success
    • MAYFIELD, H. F. 1975. Suggestions for calculating nest success. Wilson Bulletin 87:456-466.
    • (1975) Wilson Bulletin , vol.87 , pp. 456-466
    • Mayfield, H.F.1
  • 46
    • 33845702072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSO as an integrating concept in earth science
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1132588
    • MCPHADEN, M. J., S. E. ZEBIAK, AND M. H. GLANTZ. 2006. ENSO as an integrating concept in earth science. Science 314:1740-1745. (Pubitemid 44969078)
    • (2006) Science , vol.314 , Issue.5806 , pp. 1740-1745
    • McPhaden, M.J.1    Zebiak, S.E.2    Glantz, M.H.3
  • 47
    • 0002930533 scopus 로고
    • Biology and fisheries of North Pacific hake (M. productus)
    • (J. Alheit and T. J. Pitcher, eds.). Chapman & Hall, London, United Kingdom
    • METHOT, R. D., AND M. W. DORN. 1995. Biology and fisheries of North Pacific hake (M. productus). Pp. 389-414 in Hake: biology, fisheries and markets (J. Alheit and T. J. Pitcher, eds.). Chapman & Hall, London, United Kingdom.
    • (1995) Hake: Biology, Fisheries and Markets , pp. 389-414
    • Methot, R.D.1    Dorn, M.W.2
  • 48
    • 67649771332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breeding experience and demographic response to environmental variability in the white stork
    • NEVOUX, M., J.-C. BARBRAUD, AND C. BARBRAUD. 2008. Breeding experience and demographic response to environmental variability in the white stork. Condor 110:55-62.
    • (2008) Condor , vol.110 , pp. 55-62
    • Nevoux, M.1    Barbraud, J.-C.2    Barbraud, C.3
  • 49
    • 33845896806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental variation and experience-related differences in the demography of the long-lived black-browed albatross
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01191.x
    • NEVOUX, M., H. WEIMERSKIRCH, AND C. BARBRAUD. 2007. Environmental variation and experience-related differences in the demography of the long-lived black-browed albatross. Journal of Animal Ecology 76:159-167. (Pubitemid 46018406)
    • (2007) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 159-167
    • Nevoux, M.1    Weimerskirch, H.2    Barbraud, C.3
  • 51
    • 0034886048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale variability in the boundary currents of the Alaska gyre
    • DOI 10.1016/S0278-4343(00)00085-6, PII S0278434300000856
    • OKKONEN, S. R., G. A. JACOBS, E. J. METZGER, H. E. HURLBURT, AND J. F. SHRIVER. 2001. Mesoscale variability in the boundary currents of the Alaska Gyre. Continental Shelf Research 21:1219-1236. (Pubitemid 32778862)
    • (2001) Continental Shelf Research , vol.21 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 1219-1236
    • Okkonen, S.R.1    Jacobs, G.A.2    Joseph Metzger, E.3    Hurlburt, H.E.4    Shriver, J.F.5
  • 52
    • 0000310541 scopus 로고
    • Variation in breeding success in fulmars
    • (T. H. Clutton-Brock, ed.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois
    • OLLASON, J. C., AND G. M. DUNNET. 1988. Variation in breeding success in fulmars. Pp. 263-278 in Reproductive success (T. H. Clutton-Brock, ed.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
    • (1988) Reproductive Success , pp. 263-278
    • Ollason, J.C.1    Dunnet, G.M.2
  • 53
    • 0031892845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of variance in stage-structured populations: Evolutionary predictions and ecological implications
    • PFISTER, C. 2005. Patterns of variance in stage-structured populations: evolutionary predictions and ecological implications. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95:213-218.
    • (2005) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.95 , pp. 213-218
    • Pfister, C.1
  • 55
    • 0036773822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultimate and proximate factors affecting the breeding performance of a marine top-predator
    • DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.990114.x
    • PINAUD, D., AND H. WEIMERSKIRCH. 2002. Ultimate and proximate factors affecting the breeding performance of a marine toppredator. Oïkos 99:141-150. (Pubitemid 35241172)
    • (2002) Oikos , vol.99 , Issue.1 , pp. 141-150
    • Pinaud, D.1    Weimerskirch, H.2
  • 56
    • 45249104387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal survival and the relative cost of first reproduction in adult female southern elephant seals
    • DOI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-219R.1
    • PISTORIUS, P. A., M. N. BESTER, G. J. G. HOFMEYR, S. P. KIRKMAN, AND F. E. TAYLOR. 2008. Seasonal survival and the relative cost of first reproduction in adult female southern elephant seals. Journal of Mammalogy 89:567-574. (Pubitemid 351842429)
    • (2008) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.89 , Issue.3 , pp. 567-574
    • Pistorius, P.A.1    Bester, M.N.2    Hofmeyr, G.J.G.3    Kirkman, S.P.4    Taylor, F.E.5
  • 57
    • 0026274237 scopus 로고
    • Senescence in natural populations of mammals: A comparative study
    • PROMISLOW, D. E. L. 1991. Senescence in natural populations of mammals: a comparative study. Evolution 45:1869-1887.
    • (1991) Evolution , vol.45 , pp. 1869-1887
    • Promislow, D.E.L.1
  • 58
    • 0031773121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interactive effects of age and food supply on the breeding ecology of great skuas
    • RATCLIFFE, N., R. W. FURNESS, K. C. HAMER, AND B. SHORROCKS. 1998. The interactive effects of age and food supply on the breeding ecology of great skuas. Journal of Animal Ecology 67:853-862. (Pubitemid 28542257)
    • (1998) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.67 , Issue.6 , pp. 853-862
    • Ratcliffe, N.1    Furness, R.W.2    Hamer, K.C.3
  • 59
    • 0025956996 scopus 로고
    • Life history consequences of variation in age at primiparity in northern elephant seals
    • REITER, J., AND B. J. LE BOEUF. 1991. Life history consequences of variation in age at primiparity in northern elephant seals. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 28:153-160.
    • (1991) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.28 , pp. 153-160
    • Reiter, J.1    Boeuf, B.J.L.E.2
  • 63
    • 0000373284 scopus 로고
    • Age-specific variation in reproductive performance of birds
    • SæTHER, B.-E. 1990. Age-specific variation in reproductive performance of birds. Current Ornithology 7:251-283.
    • (1990) Current Ornithology , vol.7 , pp. 251-283
    • Sæther, B.-E.1
  • 64
    • 0036282430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Northern Oscillation Index (NOI): A new climate index for the northeast Pacific
    • DOI 10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00027-7, PII S0079661102000277
    • SCHWING, F. B., T. MURPHREE, AND P. M. GREEN. 2002. The Northern Oscillation Index (NOI): a new climate index for the northeast Pacific. Progress in Oceanography 53:115-139. (Pubitemid 34635343)
    • (2002) Progress in Oceanography , vol.53 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 115-139
    • Schwing, F.B.1    Murphree, T.2    Green, P.M.3
  • 65
    • 35748974193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking foraging behaviour of the northern elephant seal with oceanography and bathymetry at mesoscales
    • DOI 10.3354/meps07014
    • SIMMONS, S. E., D. E. CROCKER, R. M. KUDELA, AND D. P. COSTA. 2007. Linking foraging behaviour of the northern elephant seal with oceanography and bathymetry at mesoscales. Marine Ecology Progress Series 346:265-275. (Pubitemid 350043223)
    • (2007) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.346 , pp. 265-275
    • Simmons, S.E.1    Crocker, D.E.2    Kudela, R.M.3    Costa, D.P.4
  • 68
    • 0031881964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regime shifts in marine ecosystems
    • STEELE, J. H. 1998. Regime shifts in marine ecosystems. Ecological Applications 8:S33-S36. (Pubitemid 28094420)
    • (1998) Ecological Applications , vol.8 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Steele, J.H.1
  • 69
    • 0026302826 scopus 로고
    • Age-specific weaning success of northern elephant seals in relation to previous breeding experience
    • SYDEMAN, W. J., H. R. HUBER, S. D. EMSLIE, C. A. RIBIC, AND N. NUR. 1991. Age-specific weaning success of northern elephant seals in relation to previous breeding experience. Ecology 72:2204-2217.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 2204-2217
    • Sydeman, W.J.1    Huber, H.R.2    Emslie, S.D.3    Ribic, C.A.4    Nur, N.5
  • 70
    • 0021566070 scopus 로고
    • Signal versus noise in the Southern Oscillation
    • TRENBERTH, K. E. 1984. Signal versus noise in the Southern Oscillation. Monthly Weather Bulletin 112:326-332.
    • (1984) Monthly Weather Bulletin , vol.112 , pp. 326-332
    • Trenberth, K.E.1
  • 71
    • 0002980930 scopus 로고
    • Age specific costs of first-time breeding
    • VIALLEFONT, A., F. COOKE, AND J.-D. LEBRETON. 1995. Age specific costs of first-time breeding. Auk 112:67-76.
    • (1995) Auk , vol.112 , pp. 67-76
    • Viallefont, A.1    Cooke, F.2    Lebreton, J.-D.3
  • 73
    • 0025595732 scopus 로고
    • The influence of age and experience on breeding performance of the Antarctic fulmar, Fulmarus glacialoides
    • WEIMERSKIRCH, H. 1990. The influence of age and experience on breeding performance of the Antarctic fulmar, Fulmarus glacialoides. Journal of Animal Ecology 59:867-875.
    • (1990) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.59 , pp. 867-875
    • Weimerskirch, H.1
  • 74
    • 0027088730 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive effort in long-lived birds: Agespecific patterns of condition, reproduction and survival in the wandering albatross
    • WEIMERSKIRCH, H. 1992. Reproductive effort in long-lived birds: agespecific patterns of condition, reproduction and survival in the wandering albatross. Oikos 64:464-473.
    • (1992) Oikos , vol.64 , pp. 464-473
    • Weimerskirch, H.1
  • 75
    • 0033453305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Program MARK: Survival estimation from populations of marked animals
    • WHITE, G. C., AND K. P. BURNHAM. 1999. Program MARK: survival estimation from populations of marked animals. Bird Study 46:S120-S139.
    • (1999) Bird Study , vol.46
    • White, G.C.1    Burnham, K.P.2
  • 77
    • 84985166068 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the age of first breeding of the kittiwake Rissa tridactyla
    • WOOLLER, R. D., AND J. C. COULSON. 1977. Factors affecting the age of first breeding of the kittiwake Rissa tridactyla. Ibis 119:339-349.
    • (1977) Ibis , vol.119 , pp. 339-349
    • Wooller, R.D.1    Coulson, J.C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.