Youth depression and early childrearing: Stress generation and intergenerational transmission of depression

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

Volumn 79, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 353-363

  Hammen, Constance ^a   Brennan, Patricia A ^b   Le Brocque, Robyne ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

adolescent depression; early childrearing; intergenerational transmission of depression; stress generation

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY; ARTICLE; DEPRESSION; DYSTHYMIA; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; JUVENILE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MALADJUSTMENT; MALE; PARENTAL STRESS; SEMI STRUCTURED INTERVIEW; SEX DIFFERENCE;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; CHILD OF IMPAIRED PARENTS; CHILD REARING; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PARENT-CHILD RELATIONS; RISK FACTORS; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 79958803636     PISSN: 0022006X     EISSN: 19392117     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0023536     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th ed. 1994 Author Washington, DC
2. R.T. Ammerman, F. Putnam, N. Bosse, A. Teeters, J. Van Ginkel Maternal depression and home visitation: A systematic review Aggression and Violent Behavior 15 2010 191 200 doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2009.12.002
3. A.M. Bardone, T.E. Moffitt, A. Caspi, N. Dickson, W.R. Stanton, P.A. Silva Adult physical health outcomes of adolescent girls with conduct disorder, depression, and anxiety Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 37 1998 594 601 doi: 10.1097/00004583-199806000-00009 (Pubitemid 28268220)
4. A.T. Beck, R.A. Steer, G.K. Brown The Beck Depression Inventory - Second edition 1996 Psychological Corporation San Antonio, TX
5. G.W. Brown, T. Harris Social origins of depression 1978 Free Press New York, NY
6. D.A. Cole, J. Martin, B. Powers, R. Truglio Modeling causal relations between academic and social competence and depression: A multitrait-multimethod longitudinal study of children Journal of Abnormal Psychology 105 1996 258 270 doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.105.2.258 (Pubitemid 26134150)
7. R.L. Coley, P.L. Chase-Lansdale Adolescent pregnancy and parenthood: Recent evidence and future directions American Psychologist 53 1998 152 166 doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.53.2.152 (Pubitemid 128455440)
8. B.E. Compas, R. Forehand, G. Keller, J. Champion, A. Rakow, K. Reeslund, D. Cole Randomized controlled trial of a family cognitive-behavioral preventive intervention for children of depressed parents Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 77 2009 1007 1020 doi: 10.1037/a0016930
9. J. Davila, C.B. Stroud, L.R. Starr Depression in couples and families I.H. Gotlib C.L. Hammen Handbook of depression 2nd ed. 2009 Guilford Press New York, NY 467 491
10. A.B. Elster, R. Ketterlinus, M.E. Lamb Association between parenthood and problem behavior in a national sample of adolescents Pediatrics 85 1990 1108 1109
11. A.B. Elster, M.E. Lamb, J. Tavare Association between behavioral and school problems and fatherhood in a national sample of adolescent youths Journal of Pediatrics 111 1987 932 936 doi: 10.1016/S0022-3476(87)80222-6 (Pubitemid 18019178)
12. D.M. Fergusson, L.J. Woodward Maternal age and educational and psychosocial outcomes in early adulthood Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 40 1999 479 489 doi: 10.1111/1469-7610.00464 (Pubitemid 29108114)
13. D.M. Fergusson, L.J. Woodward Mental health, educational, and social role outcomes of adolescents with depression Archives of General Psychiatry 59 2002 225 231 doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.59.3.225 (Pubitemid 34212499)
14. M.B. First, R.L. Spitzer, M. Gibbon, J.B.W. Williams Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders 1995 American Psychiatric Press Washington, DC
15. J. Garber, G. Clarke, V.R. Weersing, W. Beardslee, D. Brent, T. Gladstone, S. Iyengar Prevention of depression in at-risk adolescents: A randomized controlled trial Journal of the American Medical Association 301 2009 2215 2224 doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.788
16. K.M. Gloppen, C. David-Ferdon, J. Bates Confidence as a predictor of sexual and reproductive health outcomes for youth Journal of Adolescent Health 46 2010 S42 S58 doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.11.216
17. S.H. Goodman Depression in mothers Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 3 2007 107 135 doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091401 (Pubitemid 46651123)
18. S. Goodman, S. Brand Depression and early adverse experiences I.H. Gotlib C.L. Hammen Handbook of depression 2nd ed. 2009 Guilford Press New York, NY 249 274
19. S.H. Goodman, I.H. Gotlib Risk for psychopathology in the children of depressed mothers: A developmental model for understanding mechanisms of transmission Psychological Review 106 1999 458 490 doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.106.3. 458
20. C. Hammen The generation of stress in the course of unipolar depression Journal of Abnormal Psychology 100 1991 555 561 doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.100.4.555
21. C. Hammen Stress and depression Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 1 2005 293 319 doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143938 (Pubitemid 43843953)
22. C. Hammen Children of depressed parents I.H. Gotlib C.L. Hammen Handbook of depression 2nd ed. 2009 Guilford Press New York, NY 275 297
23. C. Hammen, P.A. Brennan Depressed adolescents of depressed and nondepressed mothers: Tests of an interpersonal impairment hypothesis Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 69 2001 284 294 doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.69.2. 284 (Pubitemid 32488287)
24. C. Hammen, P.A. Brennan Severity, chronicity, and timing of maternal depression and risk for adolescent offspring diagnoses in a community sample Archives of General Psychiatry 60 2003 253 258 doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.3.253 (Pubitemid 36307436)
25. C. Hammen, P. Brennan, D. Keenan-Miller Patterns of adolescent depression to age 20: The role of maternal depression and youth interpersonal dysfunction Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 36 2008 1189 1198 doi: 10.1007/s10802-008- 9241-9
26. C. Hammen, P.A. Brennan, D. Keenan-Miller, N.R. Herr Early onset recurrent subtype of adolescent depression: Clinical and psychosocial correlates Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 49 2008 433 440 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01850.x (Pubitemid 351432219)
27. Hammen, C., & Shih, J. (2008). Stress generation and depression. In K. S. Dobson & D. J. A. Dozois (Eds.), Risk factors in depression (pp. 409-428). doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-045078-0.00018-6
28. L.D. House, J. Bates, C.M. Markham, C. Lesesne Competence as a predictor of sexual and reproductive health outcomes for youth Journal of Adolescent Health 46 2010 S7 S22 doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.12.003
29. S. Jaffee, A. Caspi, T.E. Moffitt, J. Belsky, P. Silva Why are children born to teen mothers at risk for adverse outcomes in young adulthood? Results from a 20-year longitudinal study Development and Psychopathology 13 2001 377 397 doi: 10.1017/S0954579401002103 (Pubitemid 33406335)
30. T.E. Joiner Jr., K.A. Timmons Depression in its interpersonal context I.H. Gotlib C.L. Hammen Handbook of depression 2nd ed. 2009 Guilford Press New York, NY 322 339
31. J. Joorman Cognitive aspects of depression I.H. Gotlib C.L. Hammen Handbook of depression 2nd ed. 2009 Guilford Press New York, NY 298 321
32. D.B. Kandel, M. Davies Adult sequelae of adolescent depressive symptoms Archives of General Psychiatry 43 1986 255 262 (Pubitemid 16052275)
33. D. Keenan-Miller, C. Hammen, P. Brennan Adolescent psychosocial risk factors for severe intimate partner violence in young adulthood Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 75 2007 456 463 doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.75.3. 456 (Pubitemid 47444749)
34. J.D. Keeping, J.M. Najman, J. Morrison, J.S. Western, M.J. Andersen, G.M. Williams A prospective longitudinal study of social, psychological, and obstetrical factors in pregnancy: Response rates and demographic characteristics of the 8,556 respondents British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 96 1989 289 297 doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1989.tb02388.x (Pubitemid 19093252)
35. K.S. Kendler, L.M. Karkowski, C.A. Prescott Causal relationship between stressful life events and the onset of major depression American Journal of Psychiatry 156 1999 837 841 (Pubitemid 29260336)
36. R.C. Kessler, P.A. Berglund, C.L. Foster, W.B. Saunders, P.E. Stang, E.E. Walters Social consequences of psychiatric disorders: II. Teenage parenthood American Journal of Psychiatry 154 1997 1405 1411 (Pubitemid 27415608)
37. D.N. Klein, P.M. Lewinsohn, P. Rohde, J.R. Seeley, T.M. Olino Psychopathology in the adolescent and young adult offspring of a community sample of mothers and fathers with major depression Psychological Medicine 35 2005 353 365 doi: 10.1017/S0033291704003587 (Pubitemid 40372474)
38. M. Kovacs, R.S.M. Krol, L. Voti Early onset psychopathology and the risk for teenage pregnancy among clinically referred girls Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 33 1994 106 113 doi: 10.1097/00004583-199401000-00014 (Pubitemid 24017223)
39. L. Lasa, J. Ayuso-Mateos, J. Vazquez-Barquero, F. Diez-Manrique, C. Dowrick The use of the Beck Depression Inventory to screen for depression in the general population: A preliminary analysis Journal of Affective Disorders 57 2000 261 265 doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(99)00088-9 (Pubitemid 30119982)
40. P.M. Lewinsohn, P. Rohde, J.R. Seeley, D.N. Klein, I.H. Gotlib Natural course of adolescent major depressive disorder in a community sample: Predictors of recurrence in young adults American Journal of Psychiatry 157 2000 1584 1591 doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.10.1584
41. M.C. Lovejoy, P.A. Graczyk, E. O'Hare, G. Neuman Maternal depression and parenting behavior: A meta-analytic review Clinical Psychology Review 20 2000 561 592 doi: 10.1016/S0272-7358(98)00100-7 (Pubitemid 30326803)
42. D.P. MacKinnon, J.H. Dwyer Estimating mediated effects in prevention studies Evaluation Review 17 1993 144 158 doi: 10.1177/0193841X9301700202
43. D.P. MacKinnon, C.M. Lockwood, J.M. Hoffman, S.G. West, V. Sheets A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects Psychological Methods 7 2002 83 104 doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.83
44. C.M. Markham, D. Lormand, K. Gloppen, M. Peskin, B. Flores, B. Low, L. House Connectedness as a predictor of sexual and reproductive health outcomes for youth Journal of Adolescent Health 46 2010 S23 S41 doi: 10.1016/j. jadohealth.2009.11.214
45. C.S. Meade, T.S. Kershaw, J.R. Ickovics The intergenerational cycle of teenage motherhood: An ecological approach Health Psychology 27 2008 419 429 doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.27.4.419
46. J.M. Najman, W. Bor, M. O'Callaghan, G. Williams, R. Aird, G. Shuttlewood Cohort profile: The Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) International Journal of Epidemiology 34 2005 992 997 doi: 10.1093/ije/dyi119 (Pubitemid 41535540)
47. S. Nolen-Hoeksema, L. Hilt Gender differences in depression I.H. Gotlib C.L. Hammen Handbook of depression 2nd ed. 2009 Guilford Press New York, NY 386 404
48. H. Orvaschel Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Epidemiologic Version 5 1995 Center for Psychological Studies, Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale, FL
49. H. Orvaschel, J. Puig-Antich, W. Chambers, M. Tabrizi, R. Johnson Retrospective assessment of prepubertal major depression with the Kiddie-SADS-E Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 21 1982 392 397
50. J.W. Pettit, T.M. Olino, R.E. Roberts, J.R. Seeley, P.M. Lewinsohn Intergenerational transmission of internalizing problems: Effects of parental and grandparental major depressive disorder on child behavior Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology 37 2008 640 650 doi: 10.1080/15374410802148129
51. U. Rao, N.D. Ryan, B. Birmaher, R.E. Dahl Unipolar depression in adolescents: Clinical outcome in adulthood Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 34 1995 566 578 doi: 10.1097/00004583- 199505000-00009
52. K.D. Rudolph, M. Flynn, J.L. Abaied A developmental perspective on interpersonal theories of youth depression J.R.Z. Abela B.L. Hankin Child and adolescent depression: Causes, treatment, and prevention 2008 Guilford Press New York, NY 79 102
53. M. Shaw, D.A. Lawlor, J.M. Najman Teenage children of teenage mothers: Psychological, behavioural and health outcomes from an Australian prospective longitudinal study Social Science & Medicine 62 2006 2526 2539 doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.10.007
54. R.L. Shiner, N.R. Marmorstein Family environments of adolescents with lifetime depression: Associations with maternal depression history Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 37 1998 1152 1160 doi: 10.1097/00004583-199811000-00014 (Pubitemid 28487819)
55. United Nations Children's Fund A league table of teenage births in rich nations (Innocenti Report Card Issue No. 3) 2001 Retrieved from http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/repcard3e.pdf
56. M.M. Weissman, S. Bothwell Assessment of social adjustment of patient self-report Archives of General Psychiatry 33 1976 1111 1115
57. M.M. Weissman, M. Olfson, M.J. Gameroff, A. Feder, M. Fuentes A comparison of three scales for assessing social functioning in primary care American Journal of Psychiatry 158 2001 460 466 doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.3.460 (Pubitemid 32205205)
58. M.M. Weissman, B.A. Prusoff, W.D. Thompson, P.S. Harding, J.K. Myers Social adjustment by self-report in a community sample and in psychiatric outpatients Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 166 1978 317 326 doi: 10.1097/00005053-197805000-00002 (Pubitemid 8368525)
59. M.M. Weissman, V. Warner, P. Wickramaratne, D. Moreau, M. Olfson Offspring of depressed parents: 10 years later Archives of General Psychiatry 54 1997 932 940
60. M.M. Weissman, P. Wickramaratne, Y. Nomura, V. Warner, D. Pilowsky, H. Verdeli Offspring of depressed parents: 20 years later American Journal of Psychiatry 163 2006 1001 1008 doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.6.1001 (Pubitemid 44464486)
61. M.M. Weissman, P. Wickramaratne, Y. Nomura, V. Warner, H. Verdeli, D.J. Pilowsky, G. Bruder Families at high and low risk for depression: A 3 generation study Archives of General Psychiatry 62 2005 29 36 doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.1. 29 (Pubitemid 40096068)